Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gametes
Zygote
Define Meiosis?
Define Mitosis?
Meiosis- process by which germ cells are produced
-cell has 1/2 the chromosome # (23)
Fetal Stage
How long is the embryonic stage?
Differentiation
Formation of a 3 layered embryo begins after fertilization undergoes a series of divisions
leading to the formation of a ball of cells known as the _____.
Morula
After Cavitation the morula is called ____.
Blastocyte
-a blastocyte is formed when fluid seeps into the morula
What are the two cell populations of the blastocyte.
Trophoblast-Line the cavity
-form primary yolk sac
Embryoblast- small cluster of cells w/in the blastocyte
Embryoblast cells form the ____ and the Trophoblast cells form _____.
Embryoblast >>Embryo Proper
Ventrally- Endodermal Cells are Cuboidal and will form a 2ndary Cavity (2ndary
Yolk Sac)
At what stage is the axis of the embryo determined?
During the time that the inner cell mass (embryoblast) is differentiating into
ectodermal and endodermal layers
How long does it take for the differentiation of the inner cellualar mass to take place?
2 weeks
On the Dorsal side of the embryo where the ectoderm is forming what 2 structures can be
seen at the midline?
Prochordal Plate: Future head of embryo
The exception is the at the tail end of the embryo (cecal plate)
When the cells migrate are anterior to the Prochodral Plate they will form what structure?
Cardiac Plate>> form heart
Embryonic Stage II involves ___ and ___.
Differentiation and Morphogenesis
Major tissues and organs will differentiate from ____.
Trilaminar Disk
Why is phase II important to dentist?
B/c it is during this stage that the Head, Face and Teeth Develop
During Embryonic Phase II there is differentiation of the ___ and ___ from ectoderm and
differentiation of ____.
Nervous System and Neural Crest Cells from Ectoderm
Adrenal Cortex
Spleen
The other 5 structures that orginate from the the lateral paraxial mesoderm are
Caudally-Cardiac Plate
-No this connection will not always exsist b/c it will break down later
The Brachial Arches form the ____ b/c of the proliferating ____.
Pharyngeal Wall b/c of the proliferating lateral plate mesoderm
How many brachial arches will form/
6
Do all 6 brachial arches appear in humans?
No
-The 5th and 6th are transient structures, meaning they appear briefly and then
disappear
The Brachial Arches are seperated externally by ____ and internally by ______.
Brachial Grooves;Pharyngeal Pouches
What is the function of the Brachial Arches
To seperate the stomatodeum from the developing heart
Are all 3 layers present in the Brachial arches?
Yes
-Outer: Ectoderm
-Inner: Endoderm
-Core: Mesoderm
When the Neural Crest Mesenchyme (CT)and some other mesenchyme condenses a bar
of cartilage is formed and differentiates. This bar is known as ____.
Arch Cartilage
How many arch cartilages exsists? What are there names, associated muscles and nerves?
Two
-1st Arch Cartilage-Meckel's Cartilage: (Striated) Muscles of Mastication and
Trigeminal Nerve
2nd Arch Cartilage-Reichert's Cartilage: (Straited) Muscles of Facial Expression
and the Facial Nerve
Give the Innervation of the Brachial Arches (1-3)
1st- Trigeminal
2nd- Facial
3rd- Glossalpharyngeal
The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Brachial Arches contribute to what?
Face, Mouth, and Tongue Development
What are facial processes
swellings of mesenchyme that fuse to form the face
T or F: Elimination of a furrow will form the face.
True
Where in the head does the fusion of a process still produce a furrow?
Palate
With morphogenesis of the face, what are the new limits of the Stomatodeum?
Frontal, Maxillary, Mandibular Processes
Proliferation and Migration of the Ectomesencyme form the _____.
Primitive Nasal Cavities
Thickenings in Ectoderm of Frontal Promience are called _____.
Olfactory Placodes
With Rapid proliferation of underlying mesenchyme around placodes 3 structures form.
Name them?
Lateral Nasal Process
Nasal Pit
Medial Nasal Process
The area where the lateral and medial nasal processes develop, along with the nasal pit is
called _____.
Frontonasal Process Region
The Lateral Nasal Process and the Maxillary Process will form this IMPORTANT
structure?
Nasolacrimal Duct
-CRY!!!
The Medial Nasal Process and the Frontonasal Process will fuse to form what 3
structures?
Middle portion of Nose and Upper Lip
Primary Palate
How is the Upper Lip formed?
The Medial Maxillary Process pushes on the Medial Nasal Process towards the
midline superiorly
How is the Lower Lip formed?
Ectomesenchyme of the Mandibular Process pushes towards the midline
inferiorly
When does the formation of the primary epithelial band occur?
24-38 days of gestation
Is there a Secondary Palate in all species?
NO
What is the purpose of the secondary palate?
-the primary palate can not do this!
Seperate Oral Cavity from Nasal Cavity
Initially in development the oral and nasal cavities are bounded anteriorly by the ____
and occupied by the ___.
Primary Palate; Tongue
When does the formation of the secondary palate begin,...end?
7-8 Week of development; 3 monthes (about 12 weeks)
In the development of the secondary palate 3 outgrowths occur in the oral cavity. Name
them?
Nasal Septum
Palatine Shelves
The Nasal Septum grows downward from the ______ along the midline. While the
Palatine Shelves grow from the _____ along the midline
Frontonasal Process; Maxillary Process
What is the movt of the palatine shelves when they begin to take there position.
Project Downward on each side of the Midline
Shelves ELEVATE and FUSE above the tongue and with Nasal Septum
When the Nasal Septum and Palatine Shelves fuse along the midline this does what?
Seperates the Oral and Nasal Cavities
This event must occur in order for the palatine shelves to merge properly
Elimination of Epithelial Covering (seam)
-DNA Syntheses ceases 24-48 hours before adhesion
What is cleft palate? What are its types?
When the palatine shelves dont fuse
-Syndromic: like in Triosomy 13
-Non-Syndromic: Isolated Event
When is the Epithelial Seam eliminated?
When epithelium transforms into mesenchyme
Cleft palate occurs _____ b/c fusion occurs ____.
*Normally
Laterally; Laterally
Molar and Premolar come from the ____ everything else comes from the ____.
Maxilla; Mandible
T or F:An appliance can be placed between palatine shelves to create more room for teeth
to align correctly.
Maxillary Process
In Primitive Vertebraes ____ of the 1st Brachial Arch forms the _____.
Meckle's Cartilage; Lower Jaw
T or F: In Humans Meckle's Cartilage contributes to the development of the Mandible.
False- there is only a close postional relationship, MC doesnt contribute to the
development of the lower jaw AT ALL!
Meckle's Cartilage is what type of Cartilage
Hyaline
Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve innervates Meckle's Cartilage at the
beginning 2/3. It then divides into ____ medially and _____ laterally in relation to the
cartilage.
Medially- Lingual Nerve
Wk:6
Lateral; Angle where the inferior alveolar nerve separates into Incisor and Mental
Nerves
Wk: 7
-Sphenomandibular Ligament
Name the 3 Secondary Cartilages that give rise to the rest of the mandible
Condylar
Coronoid
Symphyseal
Epithelium Proliferates
Enamel: Epithelial
Cap Stage
-It is at this stage that dentin and enamel ___ begin expression
Genes
Cap Stage
-Epithelium cont to proliferate into ectomesenchyme
-When the tooth bud begins to look like a cap sitting on a ball of ectomesenchymal cells
2 structures
Condensation
Cells next to the dental papilla become ___ and form the _____.
-This layer has a high ___ content and is associated w/ the formation of ____.
Cuboidal; Outer Enamel Epithelium
-The Stellate Reticulum is between the ___ and ___ and does what? This layer has high
___ content to pull water into organ.
OEE and IEE
-provides Ca and phosphorus to enamel
-GAG
Stratum Intermedium is where?
-High ____ activity
between the IEE and SR
-Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
These twol layers work together to form enamel?
IEE and SI
Bell Stage is determined when what two things happen?
Dental Lamina Breaks Down
Dentin
-Not V, but is I
Pulp
-V and I
Crown Stage
-What marks the begininng of the crown stage?
Formation of Dentin
When does dentin formation start?
-Where?
At the end of the BEll Stage