My research method(examples)

Table 2 Sample firms by country and industry (tsalavoutas research -industries)

Industry GR % UK % USA % Industry %
Total
Food and Beverage
Construction & Materials
Industrial goods & services
Personal & Household Goods

Total 60 50% 30 25% 30 25% 120

Table 3 Descriptive statistics (Robb et

al.- scores and Archambault. – Binary Total weighted disclosure Score (max = 250) – 50 items
method)
Category A The nature of the business(max = 25) -5items
Category B Objective and strategy (max = 45) –
9 items

Category C Key resources, risks &

Full sample GR UK US
N=120 N=60 N= 30
relationships(max = 65)-13i
N= 30
Category D Results and prospects (max Mean Mean
(Z-statistic) (Z-statistic)
= 55) – 11i
Mean
(std dev.) M
e
Category E Performance measures & indicators a
n
(max = 60)-12i
(
Total unweighted disclosure score Z
-
(max = 50) s
t
Foreign revenue (foreign a
t
revenue/total revenue) Size (log i
s
market value) million t
i
Profitability (cash flow from c
)
operations/total assets) Growth

(change in total revenue)

Descriptive statistics for the continuous variables for the full sample and three countries. Means and standard
deviations are show for the full sample. Means and Mann-Whitney Z-statistics (which compare means of the full
sample and each country) are shown for countries. *** significant at p < 0.01. ** significant at p < 0.05. *
significant at p < 0.10 (two-tailed tests).
Total unweighted disclosure score(max = 50) must be useful. Paper 79, page 32.
 Table 4 Comparison of disclosure scores between countries
Column 1 2 3
GR and UK GR and US UK and US
(Z-statistic) (Z-statistic) (Z-statistic)
N=
Total disclosure score GR>UK GR<US UK<US
(1.609) (2.790) *** (0.781)
Category A GR=UK GR<US UK<US*
(0.000) (2.161)** (1.721)

Category B GR>UK GR<US UK<US

(1.054) (1.621) (0.405)

Category C GR>UK** GR<US UK<US***

(2.452) (5.451) *** (2.609)
Category D GR>UK GR>US UK>US**
(0.701) (1.771)* (2.263)

Category E GR>UK GR>US UK>US

(0.701) (1.771) (2.264)

This table presents a comparison table of disclosure scores (by total and categories A, B, C , D and E) between countries. Mann-Whitney Z scores are reported in
parentheses. *** significant at p < 0.01. ** significant at p < 0.05. * significant at p < 0.10 (two-tailed tests).
Table 5 Regression results
Independent variables Model I Model II
(expected sign) Coefficient Coefficient
(t stat) (t stat)
GR 3.702
(0.757)
UK -9.784**
(-2.288)
US -26.177***
(-4.913)
MANDATORY or VOLUNTARY 17.937
(5.440)
SIZE (+) 4.941+++ 5.503+++
(log of market value) (4.595) (6.199)
PROFIT (+) 1.698 0.202
(cash from operations/total assets) (0.497) (0.057)
GROWTH (+) 0.147 0.066
(change in total revenue) (0.098) (0.043)
LEVERAGE (-) -0.556 -0.477
(total debt/total equity) (-0.659) (-0.546)
AUDITOR (+) 4.256 8.839++
(Big 4 or non big 4) (0.839) (1.724)

Food & Beverage 11.125** 8.975**

(2.149) (1.723)
Construction & Materials 12.887*** 12.463***
(2.638) (2.490)
Industrial goods & Services 2.168 3.185
(0.079) (0.653)
Personal & Household goods -1.248 -1.160
(-0.258) (-0.234)
Constant 29.766 5.205
(3.226) (0.802)
N= 120 120
Adjusted R2 0.512 0.472
F value 13.960 13.878
P= 0.000 0.000

Model I : Examine the relation of total

Disclosure score and country of origin.
Model II: Examine whether MC requi-
rements are mandatory or voluntary.

Results for OLS regression equations examining the association between the total disclosure score and firm
attributes for the full sample of firms. + significant p < 0.10 ++significant p < 0.05 +++ significant p <
0.01 (one-tailed tests). * significant p < 0.10 ** significant p < 0.05 *** significant p < 0.01 (two-tailed
tests).
 Table 6 Regression results by country
GR UK US
Independent variables Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient
(expected sign) (t stat) (t stat) (t stat)
GROWTH (+)
(change in total revenue)
LEVERAGE (-)
(Total debt / total equity)
SIZE (+)
(log of market value)
Food & Beverage

Construction & Materials

Industrial goods & Services

Personal & Household goods

Constant

N= 60 25 25
Adjusted R2 0.367 0.180 0.453
F value 5.230 2.064 6.441
P= 0.000 0.083 0.000
Results for OLS regression equations examining the association between the total disclosure score and firm attributes for each country. + significantp < 0.10 ++significant p < 0.05 +++
significantp < 0.01 (one-tailed tests). * significantp < 0.10 ** significantp < 0.05 *** significantp < 0.01 (two-tailed tests). Biotechnology is the omitted industry dummy variable.
Table 7 Greek companies comparison pre-IFRS and after –IFRS (Excel)