PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES

TAMIL EZHIL G
Architect Planner

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 What is PEDESTIANISATION?
 Why we need PEDESTRIANISED ENVIRONMENT?
 What are the characteristics of a PEDESTRIANISED
ENVIRONMENT?
 What are the advantages OF PEDESTRIANISATION?
 What’s the scenario in DEVELOPED & DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES?
 What’s the SIGNIFICANCE OF PEDESTRIANIATION?

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
2 TAMIL EZHIL G
Architect Planner
 PEDESTRIANISATION
Process of excluding traffic from
streets so that pedestrians can use
whole width of street
PEDESTRIANISED ROAD

Converting a street to car free use

NO ENTRY FOR CARS

The exclusion from a highway of all

or most motor vehicles for up to 24
hours a day
NO ENTRY FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 WHY PEDESTRIANISATION?
URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
DEMAND Transportation - Community’s wants & need for access
to services
Accessibility replaced by
SOLUTION AUTOMOBILES ‘mobility’ – Engwicht, 1992.

RESULT  Automobiles dominate streets

 Traffic Congestion
 Pedestrians cornered down to street edges
IMPACTS Degradation of aesthetic qualities of Public Domain
Excludes non-transport related activities
Causes air & noise pollution Process of Turning
Increases crime streets into traffic
Impede other forms of transit sewers, has been the
Public Safety threat takeover Of street
design & operation
The human sensory apparatus is by the Traffic
designed to perceive and process Engineering
sensory impressions while moving Profession –
at about 5 km per hour Schneider, 1979.
PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 CHARACTERISTICS
FIVE C’S OF PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT
no dead ends

services @
reachable distances

no imposible road
crossings

acknowledged form of
traffic
Connected PEDESTRIANS
well lit sheltered foot
Convenient paths

Comfortable

Convival
Conspicuous

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES Source: Edinburgh City Council

5 TAMIL EZHIL G
Architect Planner
 IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIANISATION
Businesses benefit from
improved access and an
environment more conducive
to “window-shopping” and
strolling
ECONOMICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
Presence of pedestrians
and bicyclists in a city
indicates that the sense
of community is strong,
SOCIAL people feel safe being
outdoors, social
interactions can occur
openly & children and
the elderly can have
access to public &
private facilities

Simple solution for air &

noise pollution, reduction
of green house gases
PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIANISATION
PEDESTRIANISATION RESULTS IN REDUCTION OF
 Traffic congestion
 Crashes and property damage
 Wear and tear on our roads
 Consumption of space
 Consumption of petroleum
 Need for additional roads,
 Air and noise pollution travel lanes and parking
ESTIMATED EXTERNAL COSTS OF AUTMOBILE TRAVEL AND WALKING

LAND USE IMPACTS

TRAFFIC CONGESTION

ROADWAY LAND VALUE

$0.16 PARKING ECONOMICAL

ROADWAY FACILITIES

MUNICIPAL SERVICES
AIR POLLUTION
BENEFITS

WATER POLLUTION
BARRIER EFFECTS

WASTE DISPOSAL
$0.12

EXTERNALITIES
CRASHES

RESOURCE
$0.08

NOISE
$0.04

$0.00
AUTOMOBILE - URBAN PEAK AUTOMOBILE -AVERAGE WALK

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIANISATION
AMBIENT EMISSION LEVEL BEFORE AND AFTER
PEDESTRIANISATION SCHEME IN BOGOTA’

CARBON EMISSION vs.

MODAL SPLIT

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
8 TAMIL EZHIL G
Architect Planner
 DEVELOPED VS DEVELOPING
URBAN TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Policy neglect due partly to a
perception by many politicians
and decision makers that these
modes are old fashioned,

The rush by the increasingly

wealthy middle class to buy cars
Development of new housing
areas on the urban fringe
The increasingly hostile and
dangerous road environments
In developing cities
The tendency of many developing
countries to make car manufacturing
for domestic consumption, a pillar of
their industrialization policies.
PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Roads – tremendous stress
– exponential increase in
traffic volume
Sub urbanization – longer
distances for employment
Public spaces clogged
&congested by vehicles
Counter urbanization – increase
in volume of car traffic
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Architect Planner
 DEVELOPED vs. DEVELOPING
ANNUAL MODAL SPLIT UK
public transit walk motorcycle
other private bicycle
13% 3% moped
vehicles 0%
1%
2% TRAVEL TRIPS vs. MODAL SPLIT , UK
other
private
2003
car/truck car/truck public transit
vehicles
passenger driver 9%
1%
30% 51% walk
bicycle
car/truck 25%
1%
passenger
23% motorcycle
moped
car/truck driver 0%
41%

TRAVEL TIME vs. MODAL SPLIT, UK

2003
public transit
17% bicycle
other private walk 1%
motorcycle
vehicles 18% moped
2% 0%
car/truck
passenger car/truck driver
23% 39%

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 SIGNIFICANCE
 Pedestrianisation and land use planning
 Pedestrianisation as a tool for
 Sustainable tourism
 Redevelopment of a commercial street
 Traffic calming & urban transport sustainability
 Sustainable transportation plan
 Conservation of culture & heritage
 Redevelopment of city centre
 Reclaiming public space & Urban Regeneration
 One of the modes of transportation for ‘Livable City’

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 SIGNIFICANCE
LAND USE PLANNING

Land use patterns conducive

to Walking include:
Mixed-use zoning allows
services closer to residential
areas,

Multiple-use zoning, reduces

travel demands
Resolving conflicts with
neighborhood traffic
management (traffic
Fig 5.1 : Segregated land use increases travel
calming) makes streets distance
more inviting to walkers and
cyclists

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner

PEDESTRIANISATION AS A TOOL FOR
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
The Pilot Project for the Renewal of the
Historical and Commercial Centre of
Thessaloniki, Greece
REDEVELOPMENT OF
COMMERCIAL STREETS
Carnaby street, London, UK
Khao san road, Bangkok
Mont royal avenue, Montreal, Canada
Hounslow high street, London
Many streets in Hongkong
REDEVLOPMENT Of CITY
CENTRE
Hull City Plan, UK
Norwich City centre, UK
PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
SIGNIFICANCE
Urban Renewal Project through
pedestrianisation
 resulted in development of network
between linked pedestrian streets
 continuity of historical centre
 served tourists economically &
functionally
 residential street converted to a
commercial corridor
 street serves 4 neighbourhood and
completely pedestrianised.
 Encouraging a more vibrant City
Centre, promoting both daytime
and evening uses;
 promoting initiatives to encourage
improvements to accessibility
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Architect Planner
 SIGNIFICANCE
PEDESTRIANISATION AS A TOOL FOR
Consideration of WALKING as access mode
TRAFFIC CALMING & URBAN leisure mode transportation mode
TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY
IMPORTANT THINGS TO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE
Copenhagen, Denmark WALK - Local shopping, parks and other facilities and
services that are within walking distance
SUSTAINABLE Attractive tree-shaded streets, footpaths and local parks
TRANSPORTATION PLAN Use of public areas and school ovals for walking and
activities such as walking dogs
Cannbera, Australia
The conflict between the through-traffic and local
mobility; The conflicts between vehicles and
CONSERVATION OF CULTURE pedestrians (sharing the same space in the street);
& HERITAGE The damage caused by bad transportation solutions
Islamic Cairo, Egypt and policies
City transformed the quality of public space,
RECLAIMING PUBLIC SPACE &  by reclaiming public space
URBAN REGENERATION  Improvement of public transport
 Promotion of non motorised transport
Bogotá’, Colombia  Implementation of auto restriction

TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR To create a balanced transportation system and

promote complementary land use that supports
A LIVABLE CITY a safer, healthier and more accessible
PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES San Francisco, USA San Francisco for everyone

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Architect Planner
 A CONCEPT TO THINK ABOUT…

COOKED FOOD

NATURAL FOOD NATURAL FOOD

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
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Architect Planner
 THANK YOU.

PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
16 TAMIL EZHIL G
Architect Planner
 SIGNIFICANCE
PEDESTRIANISATION AS A TOOL FOR
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM TRAFFIC CALMING & URBAN
The Pilot Project for the Renewal of the TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY
Historical and Commercial Centre of Copenhagen, Denmark
Thessaloniki, Greece
SUSTAINABLE
REDEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLAN
COMMERCIAL STREETS
Cannbera, Australia
Carnaby street, London, UK
Khao san road, Bangkok CONSERVATION OF CULTURE
Mont royal avenue, Montreal, Canada & HERITAGE
Hounslow high street, London Islamic Cairo, Egypt
Many streets in Hongkong
RECLAIMING PUBLIC SPACE &
REDEVLOPMENT Of CITY
URBAN REGENERATION
CENTRE
Bogotá’, Colombia
Hull City Plan, UK
Norwich City centre, UK TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR A LIVABLE CITY
San Francisco, USA
PEDESTRIANISATION IN CITIES
17 TAMIL EZHIL G
Architect Planner