How ISDN can be used to provide Internet facility in a corporate network?

Roll No: 4349

1. Introduction to ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network, a circuit-switching network used for voice, data and video
transfer over existing copper telephone lines.ISDN runs on the bottom three layers of the OSI
reference model. There are several types of ISDN channels, the two main being the 64 Kilobits
per second B-channel for data, and the D-channel for control information.

There are two types of ISDN services:

• Basic Rate Interface (BRI)—This service provides two B channels and one D channel. Each B
channel operates at 64 kbps and carries user data. The D channel operates at 16 kbps and carries
control and signaling information.BRI supports framing control and overhead, and the total bit
rate is 192 kbps.

• Primary Rate Interface (PRI)—This service provides 23 B channels (which operate at 64 kbps)
and one D channel (which operates at 64 kbps) in North America and Japan, resulting in a bit
rate of 1.544 Mbps. In Europe, Australia, and other parts of the world, PRI provides 30 B
channels and one D channel.

2. ISDN Functional groups

The ISDN function groups represent the devices in an ISDN environment such as terminals,
terminal adapters, network-termination devices and line-termination equipment. The following
table lists these devices:
TE1 Specialized ISDN terminals that understand the
(Terminal Equipment 1) ISDN standards, for example an ISDN
telephone.

TE2 Non-ISDN Terminals that need a Terminal

(Terminal Equipment 2) Adapter (TA) to connect to an ISDN network,
for example a regular telephone.

TA Converts some other form of signaling to ISDN

(Terminal Adapter) to allow non-ISDN devices (TE2) to work in
the ISDN network.

NT1 NT1 is located at the customer's premises and

(Network Termination 1) owned by the customer(typically a telephone
company).

NT2 The NT2 is a physical device that interfaces the

(Network Termination 2) NT1 to different types of devices (TE1 or
TA).example PBX at the customer's premises.

3. ISDN Reference points

ISDN specifies four reference points that define the logical interfaces/connections between
function groups:

R defines the reference point between non-ISDN equipment (TE2) and a TA.
S defines the reference point between and an NT2.
T defines the reference point between NT1 and NT2 devices.
U defines the reference point between NT1 devices and line-termination equipment in a carrier
network.

The following figure shows ample ISDN configuration which illustrates relationships between
devices and reference points.
 Setting Up ISDN to provide Internet in a corporate network

1. Types of Equipment Used

Selecting the appropriate access equipment will have security and performance
implications on resulting ISDN communications. A bridge, router or integrated access device
may be a good choice, depending on how you plan to use the ISDN line. Another option, called a
terminal adapter, provides Internet access at a lower cost but with limited functionality.

1.1 Network Termination 1(NT1)

An NT-1, which stands for Network Terminator 1, is a device that accepts a signal from your
local phone company. The signal is then converted to a more acceptable form that can be sent
and received to and from devices in your home or business.An NT1 is an interface device that
can be used with the ISDN, or Integrated Services Digital Network. It accepts a two-wire signal
from the phone company and converts it into a four-wire signal. This four-wire signal is more
easily processed by home and business devices.The main function of an NT1 is to prevent
inconsistencies on your phone line. When you speak into the phone, your voice is converted into
data on the line. If someone on the other end speaks at the same time, however, it creates an
amount of static or interference. An NT1 serves to reduce phone line static and echoes, purifying
the incoming and outgoing sound.There are two types of NT1 service, one in the United States
and one in the United Kingdom and other countries. In most countries, the NT1 is located at the
central office of the telephone company. In the United States, however, the NT1 is a separate box
that is located at a home or business, and can have several devices plugged directly into it.

1.2 Cisco 800 series Router

The Cisco 800 Series enables customers to benefit from value-added services such as managed
network services, virtual private networks (VPNs), point-of-sale (POS) applications, and secure
Internet access. Cisco 800 series offers small offices and telecommuters routing solutions that
provide secure and reliable access to the Internet or corporate networks. The Cisco 800 Series
routers have enhanced security features such as an integrated firewall and IP Security (IPSec)
encryption to enable VPNs.
The Cisco 800 Series provides key wide-area network (WAN) and ISDN optimization features,
including bandwidth on demand (BoD), dial-on-demand routing (DDR), time of day/access
Control lists (ACLs), and always-on/dynamic ISDN (AO/DI). The Cisco 803 and 804 routers
also offer an all-in-one solution that combines telephone, fax, and data communication on a
single access line.The Cisco 800 Series supports ISDN switched, leased-line connections,
AO/DI, X.25 over ISDN D channel, Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP), Multilink
PPP (MLP), Compression Control Protocol (CCP) compression (up to 4:1), and BoD with load
balancing for links up to 128 kbps for effective throughput up to 512 kbps. For ISDN cost
control, the Cisco 800 Series supports advice of change and dynamic short hold mode. Cost of
cisco 800 series router is about Rs.40716.
3.Configuration

This router is configured to route IP over a Dial−on−Demand Routing (DDR) link.

4. Total Cost

The total cost to set up isdn in a corporate network to provide internet facility is as follows:
4.1Fixed Cost

• E1 line- Rs 1470.30
• Router- Rs. 40716.00
• NT1 device-Rs. 13029.15

4.2 Recurring cost

2 B channel access at the rate of 128Kbps for Rs 992.12 monthly charge for 200 hours.Extra
charge of Rs 9.1 per hour if 200 hr limit is exceeded.

5.References

1. http://www.jet.net/isdn/isdnintro.html

-basics of isdn
2. ttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/700/760/hardware/quick/guide/760QRG.
html

-cisco router for isdn

3. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk801/tk379/tech_configuration_examples_list.html

- cisco configuration information

4. http://www.globalsources.com/manufacturers/ISDN-Equipment.html

- cost of isdn equipments