MIMS Summary Table

ANTIBIOTIC GROUPS
Antibiotic Group Mode of Action Examples

Aminoglycosides Irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis by
binding to receptors on the 30S subunit of
bacterial ribosome
Carbacephems Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing
osmotic lysis
Carbapenems Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing
osmotic lysis; resistant to ß-lactamases and has
a wide spectrum of activity
Cephalosporins Bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of
bacteria; inhibit bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
synthesis and activate bacterial cell wall autolytic
enzymes
Chloramphenicols Bind reversibly to a receptor site on the 50S
subunit of bacterial ribosome
Glycopeptides Prevent further elongation and cross-linking of
bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis; active against
gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-
resistant Staphylococci
Lincosamides Inhibit protein synthesis by interfering with
initiation complexes and translocation reactions
on the bacterial 50S subunit
Ketolides Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversible
binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
Macrolides Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversible
binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
Monobactams Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing
osmotic lysis; resistant to ß-lactamases and
active against gram-negative rods
Nitrofurantoin Block aerobic energy production and synthesis
of proteins, DNA, RNA and cell walls
Oxazolidinones Cause faulty protein synthesis by binding to the
50S ribosomal subunit
Penicillins Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing
osmotic lysis
Penicillins w/ Bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of
ß-lactamase inhibitors bacteria; inhibit bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
or compounds synthesis and activate bacterial cell wall autolytic
preventing penicillin enzymes
degradation in kidneys
Polymyxins Alter cytoplasmic membrane causing cellular
leakage
Quinolones Inhibit one or more of a group of enzymes called
topoisomerases that are essential for bacterial
DNA replication and transcription; inhibit DNA
gyrase
Streptogramins Cause faulty protein synthesis by binding to the
50S ribosomal subunit
Sulphonamides Competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis
by acting as structural analogue of para-
aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Tetracyclines Bind reversibly to receptors on the 30S subunit
of the bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein
synthesis
Trimethoprim Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase of bacteria
and blocks metabolic sequences in DNA
synthesis
Tyrocidins Alter cytoplasmic membrane causing cellular
leakage
Not all products/dosage forms are available or approved for above use in all countries.
Please refer to the Contents page for more Summary Tables.
Copyright © 2006 MIMS
Antibiotic Groups
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Netilmicin,
Streptomycin, Tobramycin
Loracarbef
Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem
Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin, Cefamandole,
Cefapirin, Cefazolin, Cefepime, Cefetamet
pivoxil, Cefixime, Cefmenoxime, Cefodizime,
Cefonicid, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime,
Cefotetan, Cefotiam, Cefoxitin, Cefpirome,
Cefpodoxime, Cefprozil, Cefradine, Cefsulodin,
Ceftazidime, Ceftezole, Ceftibuten, Ceftizoxime,
Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime
Chloramphenicol
Vancomycin, Teicoplanin
Clindamycin, Lincomycin
Telithromycin
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Dirithromycin,
Erythromycin, Roxithromycin, Troleandomycin
Aztreonam
Nitrofurantoin
Linezolid
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Bacampicillin,
Carbenicillin, Methicillin, Mezlocillin, Penicillin
G, Penicillin V, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
Amoxicillin + Clavulanate, Ampicillin +
Sulbactam, Ticarcillin + Clavulanate,
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Polymyxin B
Ciprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Gatifloxacin,
Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Moxifloxacin,
Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin,
Pazufloxacin, Rufloxacin, Trovafloxacin
Quinupristin + Dalfopristin
Sulfisoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfamethi-
zole, Sulfasalazine
Demeclocycline, Doxycycline, Lymecycline,
Minocycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline
Trimethoprim
Tyrocidine, Gramicidin
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