ABOUT APCPDCL

With a vision to fulfill the expectations of the Government, the Central

Power Distribution Company of A.P. Limited, which came into being on 1st April 2000
as a sequel to the A.P. Electricity Reforms Act. 1998, with an objective of electricity to
the people at an affordable price. With its headquarters at Hyderabad, the APCPDCL
encompasses an area of seven districts viz., Anantapur, Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar,
Nalgonda, Medak and Rangareddy, Catering to the power requirements of 76 million
consumers.

APCPDCL has a vast infrastructure facility in its operating area with 1,338 Nos.
of 33/11 KV substations, 2,039 Nos. of power transformers, 720 Nos. of 33 KV feeders,
5,257 Nos. of 11 KV feeders and around 2,46,426 Nos. of distribution transformers of
various capacities.
A number of new initiatives for improving the quality supply of power were introduced
by APCPDCL such as:

Electronic Spot Billing.

Pass Books to individual customers.
Web-enabled Customer Service Centers.
Tie up with e-Seva centers for bill payment.
On line billing enquiry system.
Tie up with e-Seva centers for bill payment.
Electronic control and complaint center etc.
Tims, Mats, Cat.
Vidyut Sadassus, Sub-station wise Meeting.

Having electrified 6,489 villages, 5,600 general hamlets, 2,059 tribal hamlets, 12,105
Dalit wadas and 5,806 weaker sections colonies, APCPDCL is looking forward to meet
many challenges with promise to deliver quality customer services through innovative
programmes. The philosophy of APCPDCL is to continually striving to enhance its
performance and emerge stronger by the day to offer its customers the best and value for
money.
The company is managed by a Board of Directors consisting of the following members:
Chairman and Managing Director: Mr. M.T. Krishna Babu,IAS
Director (IPC,RAC ): Mr. B. Ravindra Reddy B.E.
Director (P & MM): Mr. KH. Ghulam Ahmed, B.E.
Director (Commercial & Customer Services): Mr. A. Srinivasa Rao, B.E.
Director (Finance): Mr. P. Rajagopal Reddy
Director (Operation - Rural): Mr. B. Veera Reddy
Director (Projects & IT ): Mr. G.Raghuma Reddy
Director (HRD & IR, Operations -Greater Hyderabad ): Mr. K.Venkata Narayana.
 ABSTRACT

In India the losses in low voltages network constitute about 30% of total

energy, these losses occur in commercial, domestic, Industrial and agricultural sectors.

Among these agricultural sectors plays a prominent role. The existing distribution system is

low voltage distribution system. The characteristics of the system are installation of 3-

phase transformer of considerable capacity (100KV/63KVA) and

extension of LV lines to

cater group of loads.

This is an agricultural demand side management project that may reduce the

technical and commercial losses by enhancing the distribution system efficiency using high

voltage distribution system i.e., high voltage line is taken as near the load
possible
as and

distribution transformer of appropriate capacity (16/25KV A) are installed to feed one or small

group of loads, such that the length of the LV line is minimized.

B y this project in agricultural dem and side area the line losses can be reduce up to

10% to 12% than the losses present in existing system . There are m any advantages in

im plem enting H V D S system such as failures of distribution transform er, m inim ization of

interruptions etc. H VD S is the solution for the reduction of pow er losses by utilizing the sam e pole

with low pay back period.

structure as econom ic point of view and it is cost effective
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 01

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL:

The pump loads consume nearly 30 to 40% of the total Electrical Energy
production and are growing rapidly. At the same time, the agricultural tariffs do not
provide sufficient revenue to cover the cost of production. The studies on end use
efficiency of pump sets have also indicated that the overall efficiency of the pump sets is
as low as 20% against achievable efficiency of 60% one of the main contributing factor
for low efficiency of the pump sets is the prevailing Low voltages(as low as 70% of rated
voltage) at the pump sets terminals. The low voltages have also resulted in high technical
loses in low voltage network (about 10%).Another menace of Distribution network is
rampant taping from long LV lines and extracting energy illegally. An agricultural
Demand side management program comprising enhancing Distribution system efficiency
by using 11KV High voltage Distribution System (HVDS).HVDS envisages installation
of small capacity Distribution Transformers to feed 2 or 3 pump sets with a view to
minimize LV loss extending HV lines near the load as possible by the method of clusters.

1.2 CONCEPT OF HVDS:

The loads in Rural distributions are widely dispersed and to fetch a small load
of 4 KW (5 HP) LT lines are run for long distances. For a 400 KVA load, the amperage
at 11 KV is 5 Amperes, whereas at LT it is 140 Amps. Prior to introduction of HVDS, 11
KV, 3-phase lines are run up to large sized 3-phase transformers 11KV / 433V from
which lengthy 3-phase LT Lines are run. Such a system is found not suitable for Indian
conditions, especially Rural, as voltage profiles is poor, losses are high and outages in
supply are also high.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 02

HVDS envisages running 11 KV lines right up to a cluster 2 or 3 pump sets,

employ small sized distribution transformers (15 KVA) and extend supply to these 2 or 3
pump sets with least (or almost nil) LT lines.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

The existing Distribution System is based on European practice and is called

Low Voltage Distribution System .The characteristics of this system are Insulation of 3-
phase transformer of considerable capacity (100KVA/63KVA) and extension of LV lines
to cater group of loads. This system is best suited to meet the concentrated loads of high
load density normally incident in European countries. The adoption of this system is to
feed scattered loads of low density has resulted in serious problems of low voltage high
losses, poor reliability and theft of energy.

In short, the existing LV distribution system consisting of Distribution

Transformers of high capacity (100 KVA/63KVA) is considered not suitable for feeding
dispersed loads like agriculture pump sets. Reconstructing Distribution network as high
voltage distribution system (HVDS) where HV lines are taken as near the pump sets as
possible and small capacity Distribution network problems. HVDS is the solution for
reduction of power losses by utilizing the same pole structures as economic point of view
and is cost effective with back period below 8 years.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 03

CHAPTER II

LT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (LVDS)

2.1 INTRODUCTION:

The existing LT distribution system is based on European practices. The

characteristics of this system are installation of 3-phase transformer of considerable
capacity and extension of long low voltage lines to cater a group of loads. This system is
best suited to meet the concentrated loads of high load density in European countries. The
adoption of this system to feed scattered loads of low density has resulted in serious
problem of low voltage, high losses, poor reliability and rampant theft of energy etc.
Therefore it has become necessary to convert existing distribution system as HVDS to
overcome the problems faced in LVDS.

2.2 DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING LT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2.2.1 LINE LOSSES:

The long LV lines of small conductor size cause high line losses. The low voltage
network energy losses alone are estimated to be 8% to 10% of total energy handled in
other words, the LV network contributes to about 30% of total energy losses. The
international norm for energy loss in low voltage network is 1% to 2%.Thus the energy
losses of LV network are 5 to 6 international norms.

2.2.2 VOLTAGE DROP:

The voltage drop in LVDS is very high as the lines are long and conductor sizes are
small. The sample studies made in Andhra Pradesh distribution system indicated the 50% of
LV feeders have more than 10% voltage drop and another 25% have 5 -10% voltage drop . The
maximum permissible voltage drop on LV feeders is 6% in accordance with IE rules - Rule 56.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 04

2.2.3 FAILURE OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS:

The present failure rate of 3-phase distribution transformers is 19.91%. The major
contributing factors for this high failure rate are LT line faults and indiscriminate loading of
transformers over and about its capacity. The lengthy LT lines LVDS coupled with poor
construction standards are the cause work for large number of LT faults. Further the fault
current due to a fault at tail end of lengthy feeders may not be adequate enough to cause
protective device operation and it reflects as load on the network. Thus these faults cause
frequent failure of transformers. The overloading of transformers could not be effectively
checked, as it serves large number of consumers spread over a wide area.

Original 3ph 100KVA Dist. Transformer replaced 3ph 15KVA Dist. Transformer erected
with 11KV.CTPT set. under HVDS to cater 2 to 3 services
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 05

2.2.4 THEFT OF ENERGY:

Theft of energy by direct tapping of long LT lines passing through agricultural

fields in rural areas and colonies in urban areas has become a menace in recent years. It is
estimated to be as high as 25% of total number of services connected. These unauthorized
tapings are mainly responsible for over loading of the system and consequential failure of
transformers, high energy losses and high voltage drop.

2.2.5 END EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCY:

The high voltage drops in the LV network in low voltages at consumer

premises particularly agricultural pump sets. This has resulted in large scale burning of
pump set motors. It is estimated that motors are rewound once in 2 years and efficiency
of rewound motor is generally lower than that of new motor. Further efficiency of motors
is lower than rated efficiency, when operated at voltages lower Grated voltage. Thus the
end equipment efficiency is low resulting in wastage of energy.

2.2.6 VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS:

Due to high drop on LV lines the consumers are subjected to wide voltage
fluctuations with variation of load. All the modem electrical and electronic equipment are
sensitive to voltage variations and the consumers are forced to use stabilizers to provide
stable supply. The voltage stabilizers draw reactive power from the system causing
associated reactive power management problems on the upstream side of the power
system.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 06

2.3 RELIABILITY:

Reliability of the Distribution System is largely dependent on the

performers. The existing Distribution Transformers are fully over loading. The over
loading is. due to non-location of transformers at load centers and extension of LT lines
haphazardly. This had resulted in poor voltage levels, high distribution losses and failure
of distribution transformers. Replacement of fail distribution transformer, consumer's
precious time in terms of unwarranted interruptions to consumers and the company's
revenue also gets effected due to non sale of power till the time the failed transformer is
replaced with healthy transformer, besides expenditure towards repairs of failed
distribution transformers.

In order to reduce the failure rate distribution transformers to meet the

reliability of supply to all categories of consumers to provide distribution transformers at
convenient load centers and to reduce the lengthy lines the present proposal covers
erection of 15KVA or 25 KVA 3-phase distribution transformers for reducing full load
copper losses.

Reliability of the distribution system is largely dependent on the

performance of the distribution transformers, distribution lines etc, occurrence of the
break down on any LT or HT feeders' consumers' precious time.

2.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA:

The project area selected is Thipparthy mandal in Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh
that comes under APCPDCL where the agricultural loads are concentrated more under
which 4 feeders of distribution transformers are considered which are

1. A. D. Pally feeder
2. Velugupally feeder
3. Vempati feeder
4. Thungathurthy Rural
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 07

Here we have selected A.D.Pally feeder with implementation of HVDS has done
fully. Under the A.D.Pally feeder consisting 05 Nos of 63KVA and 24Nos, of 100 KVA
transformers and 662 Nos, of agricultural services with the connected load of 2760 HP
and it having a length of LT and HT lines are 56.5 Km and 13.2 Km's. The crap pattern
under this feeder mainly consists of paddy and part of land is cultivated with horticulture.

Existing LT distribution system consist of 3-phase distribution transformer with a

capacity of 100KVA or 63KVA in rural areas, which feeds supply to all the consumers
through 3-phase 4-wire LT network.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 08

Existing LT Distribution in A.D.Pally feeder:

THE PROBLEMS QCCURING IN THE EXISTING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

(PROJECT AREA) IS

• Voltage drop at the consumer end as such the lines are lengthy High I2R losses as
such lines are in LVDS.
• Frequent motor burn outs due to low voltage and consequent expenditure on
repairs.
• Transformer failures- expenditure towards repairs and Inconvenience to the
consumers. Damage to standing crops, due Lo delay in replacement of failed
distribution transformers.
• Fluctuations in voltages due to more number of consumers connected under this
transformer (say 25 to 30 consumers).
• Nobody owns the transformer since everybody thinks that others will take care of
the transformer.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 09

CHAPTER 3

HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM(HVDS)

3.1 IMPORTANCE OF SWITCHING OVER TO HVDS:

HVDS is based on North American practices where 3-phase or S-ph HV

line is taken as near the load and distribution transformer of appropriate capacity either S-
ph or 3-ph are installed to feed one or a small group of loads, such that the length of the
tow voltage line is minimum or is eliminated altogether. This system is best suited to
meet the scattered loads of low density normally incident in the developing countries like
India.

The existing system in Andhra Pradesh Is based on European practices and is

called low voltage distribution system (LVDS). The adoption of this system to feed
scattered loads of low density has resulted in serious problems of low voltage, high
losses, poor reliability, rampant theft of energy etc .Therefore, it has become necessary to
convert the existing distribution system as HVDS to overcome the problems faced in
LVDS. The table shows the importance of change over to HVDS.

TABLE 3.1 Characteristics of the HVDS and LVDS system for distribution of some
quantum of power.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 10

PARTICULARS HVDS as % of LVDS

Current 11.0

Power loss 0.85

Voltage drop 0.85

The HV line is taken as near the load as possible and a LV service cable is run
to feed loads. Thus the losses in LV network are negligible. The voltage drop for
Distribution of quantum of power is less than 1% as against that in LVDS and this ensures
proper voltage profile at all customer points. The length of the LT lines are minimum.

Further the AB cables are used for LT lines as current ratings are low. Thus the
failure of transformers due to LV line faults is eliminated. Consumer, whom it serves, as
its failures will affect their supply, will effectively prevent the loading of transformers
over above its capacity. The LT lines are virtually eliminated and even the short LT lines
required would be AB cable. This makes direct tapping of lines of a very difficult task. Each
transformer caters to 2 or 3 consumers and they can be made responsible to prevent any
unauthorized connection on the transformer.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 11

The voltage drop for distribution of same amount of power is less than 1% as against that
in LVDS and this ensures proper voltage profile at all customer premises can be
maintained satisfactorily. This will avoid burning of motors. The LT line network is
replaced with HT network by substituting transformers of 16KVA and 25KVA supplying
3 to 4 nearest loads making LT lines as small as possible.

HT and LT Layout of HVD System in A. D. Pally feeder

H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 12

The efficiency of end use equipment is also kept high, bringing in

considerable benefits by way of energy conservation. The LT lines are short and
insulated, avoiding all LT faults. The majority faults on HT line will come to the notice
of the operation immediately due to tripping of substation breaker. The reliability of HV
system can easily be improved by providing sectionalizes or auto re-closures on the line.
The failure of transformer will affect a very small number of consumers served by it.
Thus the reliability of power supply is very high.

The voltage drop on the LT line is negligible. The additional drop due to
extension of HV line of consumer premises is also negligible. Thus the voltage profile is
very stable and there will be no need to use voltage stabilizer. Further, any voltage
fluctuations occurring can be remedied by installation of automatic voltage. Summing up
it can be stated that HVDS is technically superior and provides ready solution to the
problem of distribution system.

3.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF HVDS:

Existing LT lines converted in to HV lines by replacing

• LT 3-phase cross-arm by 11KV - V cross-arm.

H IG H V O L T A G E D IS T R IB U T IO N S Y S T E M 13

• Replacement of 3 numbers LT pin insulators with 3 number 11KV pin insulators.

• Erection of additional supports wherever clearances are inadequate.

• Replacement of 100KVA distribution transformer and erection of smaller

capacity three phase distribution transformers of 11 Nos. 15KVA capacities for every
2 to 3 pump sets.

• Connection of existing pump sets from the newly erected 15KVA distribution
transformers with air bunched cable (ABC).
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 14

3.3 CONCEPT INVOLVED IN HVDS FOR I 2 R LOSSES REDUCTION:

The main concept of HVDS is to reduce the losses occurring in the distribution system.
Losses in the distribution system can be identified as

• Technical losses
• Commercial losses

3.3.1 I2R LOSSES/COPPER LOSSES:

• Copper losses come under technical losses. As the name itself indicates, these
losses depend on current (I) and resistance (R).

• R which is resistance is directly proportional to length and inversely proportional

to its area.

R= L/A
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 15

Where, = specific resistivity of the material used for conductor

L = length of the conductor

A = cross- sectional area of the conductor,

Here, and L cannot be altered as they are not under our control. The only
alternative is to increase the size of the conductor used.

A study has been made in our project by increasing the size of the
conductor from 30sq.mm to 55sq.mm the loss reduction was significant. The losses have
come down from 5.3% to 3.75%. Now let us think about reducing I, i.e. current

We all know very well that for a given load, the current is determined by the formula,

I = Load / 3 V cos

Where, I = current in amps

V = voltage Is In Volts

Load in Watts.

To reduce the current we need to reduce the numerator or increase denominator.

It is not possible to reduce the numerator since we don't have any control over the load or
demand in the system.

Hence, the other alternative is to increase the denominator. That means we have
to increase V or increase cos0 (power factor). The existing power factor of almost all 11
KV feeders is in the range of 0.9 to 0.95 i.e. nearly unity. Hence, the other alternative is
only to increase the voltage.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 16

An attempt has been made to increase V up grading existing LT system to HV

system, the distribution system voltage was increased from 415 Volts to 11,000 Volts
and reducing LT line lengths.

We can call this system as "LT less system" or "HT system" or HVDS.

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF HVDS:

• The registered customer will feel ownership and take responsibility and not
allow to meddle the LT network.
• Prevention of unauthorized loads by the customers themselves since the
distribution transformer may fail if loaded beyond its capacity.
• Failure will be minimal because of no over loading and no meddling of LT
lines.
• In the event of equipment failure only 2 or 3 customers will get affected
instead of 25 to 30 customers in original system.
• High quality of supply since there Is practically no voltage drop.
• Less burn out of motors because of good voltage and less fluctuations.
• Considerable reduction in line losses and consequent savings in power
purchase cost.
• Since losses are reduced considerably, power can be supplied to additional
loads without any further investment or infrastructure.
• No additional generation capacity needed for giving new loads due to
reduction in power drawls.
• Accidents due to touching of snapped conductors reduced due to the fact that
the breaker trips at substation since the line is a 11 KV potential.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 17

3.5 CONSUMER OPINION:

• The motors are drawing lesser currents and hence life span of motor is increased.
The rate of motor burn outs is also reduced.
• The motors running smoothly without hissing noise.
• The transformer failures are almost avoided.
• Theft of energy eliminated since the consumers will not allow others to pilfer from
their distribution transformer.
• Interruptions have been minimized and quality of supply is assured,
• Due to reliability of supply, 2 crops can be raised and can increase the
productivity.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 18

CHAPTER-IV

COMPARTSION BETWEEN HVDS AND LVDS

4.1 BENEFITS OF HVDS OVER LVDS

4.1.1 Voltage Fluctuations:

Due to high voltage drop on LV lines the consumers are subjected to wide
voltage fluctuations with variation of load. All the modern electrical equipment is
sensitive to voltage variations and the consumers are forced to use stabilizers to
provide stable supply.
The voltage drop on the LT line is negligible. The additional drop due
to extension of HV line up to consumer premises is also negligible. Thus the voltage
profile is very stable and there will no need to use voltage stabilizer Thus voltage
fluctuations get minimized by the regulators on HV line.

4.1.2 Reliability of power supply:

The frequent faults on LT lines cause blowing off fuses at Distribution

transformers resulting in interruption of supply to the consumers. This interruption will
come to the notice unless it is reported by the affected consumers. This failure will affect
supply to large number of consumers served by it. Thus reliability of power supply is
poor in LVDS.

The LT lines are short and insulated, avoiding all LT faults. The reliability of
HV system can easily be improved by providing sectionalizes or autoreclosures on the
line. The failure of transformer will affect a very small number of consumers served by it.
Thus the reliability of power supply is very high in HVDS.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 19

Existing LT 3Phase 4 wire line Same support with HVD System.

on support.

4.1.3 End use Equipment Efficiency:

The high voltage drops in the LV network results in low voltages at customer
premises particularly agricultural pump sets. This resulted in large scale burning of pump set
motors the efficiency of motors is lower than rated voltage. Thus the end use equipment efficiency is
low resulting in wastage of energy in LVDS.

The voltage drop for distribution of same amount of power is less than 1% that of
LVDS and thus the voltages at the consumer premises can be maintained satisfactorily. This
will avoid burning of motors. Thus the end use equipment efficiency is very high in LVDS.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 20

4.1.4 Failures of DTRS:

The major factors involved in the failure of DTRS in LVDS are LT line faults and
indiscriminate loading of transformers over and above its capacity. The over loading of
transformers could not be alternatively checked, as It serves large number of consumers spread
over a wide area. The following figure shows distribution transformer.

The length of LT lines is minimum, Further the AB cables are used for LT lines, as the
current ratings are low and as AB cable is cheaper than bare conductor at low current ratings.
Thus the failure of transformers due to UV line faults is eliminated. The loading of
transformer over and above its capacity will be effectively prevented by consumers
whom it serves, as its failure will affect their supply in HVDS.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 21

4.1.5 Prevention of Theft Energy:

Theft of energy by direct tapping in agricultural and urban areas became a serious
problem. It is estimated that the number of direct tapping for pump sets is estimated to be as
high as 25% of total number of services connected. These unauthorized tapping are mainly
responsible for over loading of the system ant consequential failure by using LVDS.

The LT lines are virtually eliminated and even the short LT lines required will be AB
cable. This makes direct tapping of lines a very difficult task and the eliminating
unauthorized connections by using HVDS.

4.1.6 Line losses:

In LVDS, the long LV lines of small conductor size cause high line losses.
The international norm for energy loss in low voltage network is 1% to 2%. Thus the
energy loss of LV network of LVDS is 5 to 6 times the international norms. The HV line
is taken as near the load as possible and the LV service cable is used to feed loads. Thus
the LV networks are negligible in HVDS.

4.1.7 Voltage Drop:

The voltage drop in LVDS system is very high as the lines are long and
conductor sizes are small. The voltage drop for distribution of same quantum of power is
less than 1% as against that in LVDS and this ensures proper voltage profiles at all
customer points.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 22

4.2 BENEFITS DUE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF HVDS SCHEME:

A study has been made by the CPDCL after implementing the HVDS
scheme in Nalgonda district. The study has resulted in the following benefits of HVDS
over LVDS.

The following details show the result of total benefits in the revenue form.

4.2.1 Benefits due to saving in Losses:

DTR capacity proposed

No. KVA total KVA

2907 25 72675

908 16 14528

Total 87023KVA

87.203MVA

Loss reduction per MVA - 1.12 LU

Total loss reduction - 97.67 LU

LRMC (Net Revenue) -1.83 per unit

Financial benefit due to reduction in energy loss - Rs. 178.73 Lakhs

H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 23

4.2.2 Benefits due to reduction in failure rate :

Existing failure rate (actual) -12%

Total no. of transformers existing - 786 No

No. of transformers failed - 94 No

Average cost of repair of transformer -Rs 0.1 Lakhs

Cost of repairing of failed transformers

- Rs 9.4 Lakhs

No. of transformers after implementing of scheme - 3.815

Expected failure rate - 1%

No. of transformers failed - 38

Average cost of repair of transformer - Rs. 0.1 Lakhs

Cost of repairing of failed transformers -Rs. 3.8 Lakhs

Saving due to reduction in failure of DTR’s - Rs. 5.7 Lakhs

4.2.3 Benefits due to reduction in peak power loss:

Loss reduction per MVA - 280.75 KW

MVA capacity of HVDS system - 87.203

Loss reduction for all transformers - 24482.242 KW

Saving/KW - Rs 3520 per KW

Total saving - Rs 861.77 Lakhs

H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 24

4.2.4 Benefits due to reduction in avoidance of theft:

No. of unauthorized agricultural services - 1500

Average HP per service - 5 HP

Load factor - 0.0522 LU (for 7 hours only)

Likely consumption per service - 78.30 LU

Annual consumption to be metered of realization rate - 2.74 per unit

Revenue expected to be received -Rs. 214.54 Lakhs

Financial benefit due to avoiding the unauthorized Connections - Rs. 214.54 Lakhs

Considering all the above benefits, the total benefits in lakhs is

i Benefits due to saving in tosses -178.73

ii. Benefit due to reduction in failure rate - 5.62
iii. Benefit due to reduction in avoidance of theft - 214.54
iv. Benefits due to peak power loss reduction - 861.77

Total benefits -1260.67

H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 25

Pictorial representation of line losses in both HT and LT distribution systems

4.3 A CASE STUDY

Details of a case where LVDS Is changed in to 11 KV HVDS under Rainigudem

substation A.D.Pally feeder and the results are explained below.

All the LT lines under Rainigudem sub-station A.D.Pally feeder of all 100KVA,63KVA
and 50KVA distribution transformers are replaced with high voltage distribution system
with a 185 numbers of 16KVA and 97 Nos, of 25KVA transformers are energized at the
load centers scattered all over the entire line.
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 26

Energy audit is conducted on HVDS. HV meters are provided at the feeders

output and the meters are provided though a cubical transformer (CT & PT) in place of
all 16KVA and 25KVA transformers to record the energy sent out on HVDS
system.

C AL CU LA TIO N O F L O SSES A FTER H VD S IM PL EM EN TE D:

The total energy input at the Raigiri feeder is 4, 72,000 units according to the energy
recordings.

Therefore, total input energy = 4, 72,000 units

HT LO SS IN RAIG IRI
FEEDER:

No. of 16KVA transformers erected = 135 Nos.

Average no of units drawn in each 16KVA DTP = 1,290 units

H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 27

No. of 25KVA transformers erected = 97

Nos. Average no of units drawn by each 25KVA DTR = 1,815 units

Total no of units drawn = (no. of 16KVA DTR's Avg. no. of units drawn) + (no. of
25KVA DTR's Avg. no. of units drawn)

= (185*1,290) + (97*1,815)

= 4, 14,705 units

% Line losses = ((input – output)/input )*100

= ((4,72,000 – 4,14,705)/4,72,000)*100

= 12.13%

L T L IN E L O S SE S IN R A IG IR I F E E D E R :

Total energy input at all 16KVA + 25KVA transformers = 4, 02,263.85 units

(Total units at feeder output - 3% of transformer losses)

Energy output of all agricultural services:

1) No. of 3 HP agricultural services = 102

Avg. no of units from each services = 590

Total units = 102 590

= 60,180 units
H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 28

2) No. of 5 HP agricultural services = 450

Avg. no of units from each services = 723

Total units = 450 723

= 3, 25,350 units

Total energy output at all agricultural services = 60,180 ,+25,350

3

=3 , 85,530 units

% LT line losses = ((input – output)/input) x 100

= ((402263.85 - 385530)/4, 02,263.85) x 100

= 4.15%
HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 29

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

COMPARISION OF LOSSES:

The losses in Low Voltage Distribution System (LVDS) calculated are

28.09% and after Implementation of High Voltage Distribution System {HVDS) the losses
calculated is 16.28%. So the net reduction of losses is about 11.81 %.

Table: Comparison of losses and line lengths:

S.No. Particulars LVDS HVDS

1 Length of HT line 13.2 Km 85.7Km

2 Length of LT line 56.5Krn 25.39Km

3 No. of DTR's(50,63 and 100KVA) 25 -

4 No. of DTR's(16 KVA & 25 KVA) - 282

5 Voltage at tail end 325 volts 425 volts

6 % Line losses 28.09% 16.26%

H IG H V O L T A G E D IST R IB U T IO N SY ST E M 30

Table showing losses in HVDS:

S.NO. Particulars Raigiri Feeder

1 No. of 16KVA DTR’S 185

erected

2 No. of 25KVA DTR’S 97

erected

3 No. of days 30

4 Input units 402263.85

5 Output units 385530

6 Losses 16733.85

7 % Line losses on LT after 4.15%

HVDS implemented

8 % Line losses on earlier 18%

LVDS

9 % Net production in line 13.85%

losses