Mobile Operating System

Presented by:
PRINCE AGARWAL Guided
(0803331078)
By-SINGHAL
Miss NEHA
AGARWAL

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 What is Android?

Android is a software stack for

mobile devices that includes an
OS, middleware and key
applications.
User applications can be
developed using Android SDK
which supplies a host of API’s
needed for development using
Java programming language.
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 A slice of history

Google acquired Android Inc. USA in 2005

with establishing OHA.
Announced Android in 2007 and released
source code.
reached version 2.3 a.k.a. GINGERBREAD
releasing Google Samsung Nexus S.
Google has released the 3.0 version
exclusively for tablets.
 The architecture

consists of five software layers:

1) Linux;
2) Libraries;
3) Runtime;
4) Application Framework; and
5) Applications.

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 The architecture
Linux—the bottom layer is the Linux OS
itself—version 2.6.3x .This provides process
and memory management, security,
networking and an array of relevant device
drivers.
 Libraries—
● reside on top of the OS.
● includes Google’s version of standard C system
library (libc), called bionic, and tuned for embedded
Linux-based devices.
● media and graphics libraries and
● SQLite (~500kb)

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 The architecture
Runtime—
● on top of the OS, is the Android runtime—the Dalvik
VM.
● designed specifically for Android and is register based
to conserve memory and maximize performance.
● separate instance of the Dalvik VM is used to execute
each Android application.
● The underlying OS is used for memory management
and multi-threading.
 Application framework—
§ provides a number of services to apps implemented as Java
classes.
§ Any application can “publish” its capabilities for use by other
applications.

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 The architecture
Applications—
● email, SMS, calendar, contacts and Web browser.
● Applications are written in Java.
● processed with the standard Java tools with a converter being
used to translate to the Dalvik VM byte codes.
SQLite:
● powerful and lightweight (approx.225kb) relational database
engine (RDBMS).
● SQLite library is linked in an application program.
● The library can be called dynamically.
● The app program uses SQLite’s functionality through simple
function calls which are more efficient than IPC.
● The entire database is stored as a single cross-platform file on
the device.
 

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Application development

An Eclipse-based development
environment is available from
Google.
An Android application consists of a
number of resources that are bundled
into an archive, an Android package.
There is no single entry point to a
program (like main()).
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Application development
There are four types of components which are
instantiated and run as required :
● Activities: an executable unit that performs a specific
function and has a user interface.
● Services: no user interface and runs in the background.

● Broadcast receivers: respond to system wide messages

issued by other applications or the OS.

● Content providers: make data available to other

applications

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 Advantages of Dalvik
Virtual Machine
simple Java interpreter machine, developed to run on low-
end memory mobile devices.
capability to run along an application compilation enhancing
the runtime performance of the applications.
DRAWBACKS:
none-compatibility with Java SE libraries, Java ME class libraries
and Swing Java libraries.
MERITS:
minimal-electrical power consumption.
vast library resources.
assures the open source status of Android since Android uses a Java
Virtual execution environment developed by Google.

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Advantages of Dalvik
Virtual Machine
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
● Third level

● Fourth level

● Fifth level

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Security and permissions
Android is a multi-process system, in which each
application runs in its own process.
Most security at the process level through standard Linux
facilities.
Additional securities through “permission” mechanism
that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a
particular process can perform.
In Android security architecture no application, by default,
has permission to perform any operations that would
adversely impact other applications, the OS, or the user.
This includes reading or writing the user’s private data
reading or writing another application’s files, performing
network access.

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 About OHA:
• OHA - Open Handset Alliance
• a consortium of several companies including
HTC, Intel, LG, Motorola, NVIDIA, Samsung, T-
Mobile, Google and so on.
• Established by Google after acquiring Android
Inc. California, USA.
• Declared Android open source.

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 Interesting Android
From Gizmodo's
links:
http://gizmodo.com/5395801/android-20-review-
almost-human
Learn Android
http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-
android.html
Introduction to Android by Jason Chen who is
developer advocate at Google
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1ZZ-R3p_w8

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THANK YOU!

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