Social Studies 20-1

Related issue 3
Internationalism and Foreign Policy
Using Chapter 12 of Perspectives on Nationalism, complete the following
questions and activities ON A SEPERATE PIECE OF PAPER. Please note that
#13 is a project.

1. What is foreign policy? How is it related to internationalism?

Foreign policy: a course of action that a sovereign nation takes in its

conduct with other nation states or international organizations

This relates to internationalism because outgoing foreign policies

increase cooperation and interaction among different nation-states.

2. Provide an example of each approach to foreign policy that Canada

engages in.

-maintaining a current knowledge base: keeping consensus’ and

constant information of things such as international affairs
-establishing standards and guidelines to be used by member nations:
trading agreements and cohesively cooperating economies
-promoting regional economic development: the oil sands and other
major economic plans boost Canada’s economy

3. Speculate as to why superpowers such as the United States mainly

engage in unilateral foreign policy.

Superpowers would want to engage in unilateral foreign policy because

if their economy is strong enough to support pursuing their own
national interests they would want to do so without spending money
on helping other nations.

4. What are the reasons that the Canadian government chooses a

multilateral approach to foreign policy? How does this promote
internationalism?

Canada chose a multilateral approach to foreign policy because they

value their ties with other nations and want to build on those ties. This
promotes internationalism by increased interaction which leads to
higher cooperation in trade and other economic aspects.

5. How might the growing global demand for oil affect Canada’s foreign
policy with regards to the oil sands of northern Alberta?

Canada could adjust to a more isolated foreign policy because they

want to keep all the wealth from the oil sands to themselves. Increased
demand for oil would be the main cause for Canada’s foreign policy
 becoming less aggressive and wanting to keep more wealth to support
the economy.
6. Complete the Investigation on pp. 259-261.

1) If nations would have been cooperative during the time of the

fisheries existence then they probably would not be closed. The
fisheries produced so much money and nations could not
cooperate and handle the wealth so they had to be closed.
2) Newfoundland identity would be greatly affected because a
main industry of theirs had been taken away. Internationalism
affects individual and collective identity because there is an
increase in interactions between different nations and they
could adjust their beliefs according to these new ideas.
3) If there is an excessive amount of wealth being generated from
things such as the fisheries, then agreements should be made to
ensure that the money is being shared and distributed fairly. If
the money can be handled then nations can get along because it
is being split fairly. The closure of the fisheries forces people to
search for other sources of wealth in new industries, this would
lead to the exploration of oil in Canada.

7. Differentiate between peacekeeping and peacemaking.

Peacekeeping is the long term process of ensuring that peace is kept

through diplomatic solutions and treaties.
Peacemaking is bringing hostile parties to agreements in order to stop
conflict and create peace.

8. Prepare a set of notes with regards to the following topics:

a. Canada in Afghanistan (why, problems presented by the
mission)

Canada went into Afghanistan to attempt to make peace and get

rid of the Taliban and other terrorist activities. Soon after, the
UN and other countries followed Canada and tried to stop the
problems occurring in Afghanistan. Canada has sent troops to
fight the Taliban, provide security for the Afghani people, rebuild
the basics of society and help all people of Afghanistan. This has
cost Canada billions of dollars and many lives of soldiers from
the Canadian Armed Forces. Questions have come up about
whether or not Canada’s goal should mainly involve military to
destroy the Taliban or a more humanitarian approach to build
democracy and help the Afghani people.

b. Foreign Aid
i. CIDA—what, goals/aims

The CIDA is the leading development agency of Canada

and works in partnerships around the world to support
sustainable development in developing countries and to
 offer humanitarian assistance. The main priorities of the
CIDA are democratic governance, health, basic education,
private sector development, environmental sustainability
and equality between men and women.

ii. 2004 Tsunami—international response, Canadian

response

The UN’s quick response prevented a second wave of

deaths that would have resulted from disease and
malnutrition. The CIDA rebuilt some destroyed
communities in the Indian Ocean region throughout the
year of 2009. The CSA used satellite images to assess the
disaster regions and help plan recovery strategies.
Canada provided clean water, medical assistance,
transportation and money in order for the Indian Ocean
region to rebuild itself. Water containers, blankets,
medicines, generators were also sent as an emergency
stockpile. RCMP’s were sent in order to identify the dead.
Canada donated over $213 million toward the disaster
relief.

9. In a T-chart, describe some advantages of participation in

supranational and some disadvantages of participating in such
organizations.

PROS
Participating in organizations such as these could improve ties and
alliances that a nation/nation-states has with other nations/nation-
states. Involvement in these organizations could also improve
economies, government status and human rights.
CONS
Organizations such as the WTO, have been known to favour rich
countries and poor countries do not benefit from them as much. The
organizations usually go to countries that the organization themselves
could benefit from.

10. Complete the chart below:

Supranation Purpose Creatio Membershi Pros Cons

al n p
Organizatio
n
United Maintain 1945 50 nations Keeps the Has little
Nations international world power at
peace and together, the high
security. provides cost.
Develop friendly internation
 relations among al health
nations. care and
Cooperation in exercises
regards to peaceful
solving negotiation
international s.
economic, social,
cultural and
humanitarian
problems.
Promote respect
for human rights
and fundamental
freedoms.
Centre for
harmonizing
nations.
African Improving and 2008 53 African Meets its The AU has
Union securing nations goals by deployed
democracy, resolving 7000
human rights African peacekeepe
and a stable conflicts rs to help
African and stabilize the
economy. creating a conflict in
Resolve conflicts common Sudan, but
and create a market this has
common market among all created 200
among African African 000 deaths
countries. Main countries. from
objectives violence
include: and
eradicate disease.
poverty, put
African countries
on a path of
sustainable
growth and
development,
stop
marginalization
of Africa in
process of
globalization and
to accelerate the
empowerment of
women.
World Trade Promotes equal 1944 Nation- Help Some
Organizatio treatment of Bretton states conduct believe that
n foreign and Woods interested business the
national Confere in while reduction of
 companies in nce economic allowing government
terms of tread, prosperity. governme involvemen
reduction in nts to t will affect
government meet free trade
involvement in social and in a
commerce environme negative
through tariffs, ntal needs. way. Others
concessions and Allows worry that
regulation. trade to members of
Promotes free flow as the WTO
trade between freely as won’t be
nations. possible so able to
that make their
economic own trade
developme choices
nt and well based on
being can the values
continue in and beliefs
a positive of their
manner. people.
WTO
ignores
important
environmen
tal and
labour
issues and
benefits
rich
countries.

11. What is the purpose of international law?

The international law is one way to control how nations treat one
another. Nations must follow a set of rules that determine water
boundaries, fishing rights, salvage rights, protocol between vessels at
sea, harbour regulations, the use of national flags and registries.

12.Explain the purpose of each of the following with regards to

international law:
a. NATO

Designed to promoted a strong defensive posture to the world. A

general security force designed to broadly protect the global
interests of the member nations. Desire to live in peace with all
people and governments.

b. NORAD
 Military treaty (bilateral) between Canada and the United States.
Monitors man-made objects in space and warning of attacks against
North America.

c. Geneva Convention

Set regulations about actions permissible in war, including the care

of prisoners and injured, the law of warfare at sea, and the control
of “collateral damage” to civilians. Nations are expected to temper
their actions during a war so that there is at least a basic level of
respect for humanity.

13. Create a brochure that informs readers on each supranational

organization outlined in your text. It should contain information about
who is involved, what the organization does/goals, where the
organization works, when it was formed and when member countries
meet.