English research

Multiple intelligences

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education
at Harvard University. It suggests that traditional notion of intelligence, which is based on IQ test, is
too limited. Dr. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of
human potential in children and adults.

8 intelligences

1. Linguistic intelligence ("word smart")

Definition: Linguistic Intelligence is the capacity to use language, your native language, and
perhaps other languages, to express what's on your mind and to understand other people.  

Usually found in: poets, copywriters, novelists, journalists, scriptwriters, orators, seminar presenters,

politicians, editors, publicists, journalists, speech writers, lawyers

Famous examples: Bill Clinton, J.K.Rowling, Tony Robbins, Winston Churchill

2. Logical-mathematical intelligence ("number/reasoning smart")

Definition: Logical-Mathematical Intelligence is the capacity to reason, calculate, recognise

patterns and handle logical thinking.  

Usually found in: scientists, engineers, mathematicians, computer programmers, doctors, police

investigators, researchers, accountants, economists, lawyers and animal trackers

Famous examples: Bertrand Russell, Marian Diamond,  Bill Gates,  Albert Einstein,  Sir Isaac
Newton

3. Spatial intelligence ("picture smart")

Definition: Visual-Spatial intelligence refers to the ancient hunter-gatherer ability to represent

the outer world internally in your mind. It's the ability to hold the world visually in your mind "the way a
sailor or pilot navigates the large spatial world, or the way a chess player or sculptor represents a
more circumscribed spatial world". It gives you the ability to know where you are in space. If you find it
easy to visualise things as though you were an observer taking up different positions, like a fly-on-the-
wall, then you are strong in this intelligence. Spatial intelligence predominates in the arts and in
science.

Usually found in: chess players, painters, architects, sculptors, theoretical physicists, war strategists,
navigators, illusionists, graphic artists, designers, cartographers, film makers.

Famous examples: Pablo Picasso, Leonardo da Vinci, Frank Lloyd Wright, Steven Spielberg

4. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence ("body smart")

The core elements of the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are control of one's bodily motions and the
capacity to handle objects skillfully (206). Gardner elaborates to say that this intelligence also
includes a sense of timing, a clear sense of the goal of a physical action, along with the ability to train
responses so they become like reflexes.

In theory, people who have bodily-kinesthetic intelligence should learn better by involving muscular
movement (e.g. getting up and moving around into the learning experience), and are generally good
at physical activities such as sports or dance. They may enjoy acting or performing, and in general
they are good at building and making things. They often learn best by doing something physically,
rather than by reading or hearing about it. Those with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence seem to
use what might be termed muscle memory - they remember things through their body such as
verbal memory.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include: athletes, pilots, dancers, musicians, actors,
surgeons, doctors, builders, police officers, and soldiers.

5. Musical intelligence ("music smart")

This area has to do with sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones, and music. People with a high musical
intelligence normally have good pitch and may even have absolute pitch, and are able to sing, play
musical instruments, and compose music. Since there is a strong auditory component to this
intelligence, those who are strongest in it may learn best via lecture. Language skills are typically
highly developed in those whose base intelligence is musical. In addition, they will sometimes use
songs or rhythms to learn. They have sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, meter, tone, melody or timbre.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include instrumentalists, singers, conductors, disc-
jockeys, orators, writers and composers.

6. Interpersonal intelligence ("people smart")

This area has to do with interaction with others. In theory, people who have a high interpersonal
intelligence tend to be extroverts, characterized by their sensitivity to others' moods, feelings,
temperaments and motivations, and their ability to cooperate in order to work as part of a group.
They communicate effectively and empathize easily with others, and may be either leaders or
followers. They typically learn best by working with others and often enjoy discussion and debate.

Careers which suit those with this intelligence include philosophers, psychologists, theologians,
lawyers and writers. People with intrapersonal intelligence also prefer to work alone.

7. Intrapersonal intelligence ("self smart")

This area has to do with introspective and self-reflective capacities. People with intrapersonal
intelligence are intuitive and typically introverted. They are skillful at deciphering their own feelings
and motivations. This refers to having a deep understanding of the self; what are your strengths/
weaknesses, what makes you unique, you can predict your own reactions/ emotions.

Careers which suit those with this intelligence include philosophers, psychologists, theologians,
lawyers and writers. People with intrapersonal intelligence also prefer to work alone.

8. Naturalist intelligence ("nature smart")

This area has to do with nature, nurturing and relating information to one’s natural surroundings.
Careers which suit those with this intelligence include naturalists, farmers and gardeners.

Test for 8 multiple intelligences (agree or disagree)

http://quizfarm.com/quizzes/new/profesorrod/8-multiple-intelligences-test/- Go to this website

References: http://www.wilywalnut.com/linguistic_intelligence/linguistic_intelligence.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences