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GRAMMAR
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Media and Technology
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Module 5, Lesson 1
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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part A: Where Do Adverbs Go In Sentences?

The following table outlines the position of adverbs in sentences.

ADVERBS POSITION EXAMPLE

In sentences with verb tenses first part of verb +adverb I have never been to India.
containing two parts of the verb, + main verb It will probably snow tomorrow.
adverbs usually come between the (helping verb)
first part and the main verb

Adverbs of certainty (obviously, adverb + verb Rosa obviously likes her job.
probably, clearly, definitely), come
before the main verb (other than
“to be”)
Adverbs of certainty (obviously, am/are/is/was/were + There is clearly something
probably, clearly, definitely), adverb wrong.
comes after the verb “to be”
perhaps and maybe usually come adverb + the rest of the Perhaps she’ll come later.
at the beginning of a sentence sentence Maybe I'll stay or maybe I'll go.
Hardly comes before the verb adverb + verb It hardly matters.
Adverbs of time (yesterday, adverb + the rest of the He went to work today.
tomorrow) can come at the sentence Today he went to work.
beginning or end of a sentence. or
the rest of the sentence
+ adverb
Just and still come: adverb + main verb I still love you!
1. before the main verb or I am still waiting for this
2. between verbs that have two first part of verb + delivery.
parts (between the first part and adverb + main verb
the main verb) (helping verb)
Questions with adverbs first part of the verb + Does Liping always visit her
In questions, adverbs that come in subject + (helping verb) family on Sundays?
the middle of a sentence come adverb + main verb
directly after the subject of the
sentence.

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Exercise 1

Rearrange the words in the exercise to write proper sentences

1. still/ he/ is/ that/ office/ at/ working/?
___________________________________________________________________

2. is/ going/ probably/ Alex/ the/ this/ test/ morning/ for

___________________________________________________________________

3. should/ Bao/ maybe/ tomorrow/ the/ library/ go/ to/.

___________________________________________________________________

4. so/ he/ could/ was/ hardly/ excited/ he/ think/.

___________________________________________________________________

5. underpaid/ definitely/ they/ are/.

___________________________________________________________________

6. definitely/ need/ a/ raise/ they/.

___________________________________________________________________

7. America/ think/ he’s/ been/ I/ even/ to/.

___________________________________________________________________

8. school/ to/ this year/ Igor/ went/ hardly/.

___________________________________________________________________

9. them/ still/ at/ every day/ see/ we/ work.

___________________________________________________________________

10. Kevin/ does/ go/ Montreal/ always/ on/ holidays/ to/?

___________________________________________________________________

11. he/ just/ see/ perhaps/ doctor/ been/ to/ the/ has/.
___________________________________________________________________

12. has/ see/ downtown/ the/ to/ gone/ she/ movies/ ?

___________________________________________________________________

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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part B: When Do We Use “as” with Adverbs?

We use as…..as with adverbs to show a degree of measurement.

We use it this way: as + adverb + as. Look at the following table for sentence structure.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE

as + adverb + as + noun/pronoun + verb
* the verb at the end of the sentence is often
not said, but understood
as + adverb + as + subject + can/could or
possible
He doesn’t do as well as his sister. (does)
I didn’t come as late as Judy. (did)
Joe works as hard as Tony. (does)
She talks as quietly as she can.
She talked as quietly as she could.
She talked as quietly as possible.

Exercise 1

Write 8 sentences using:

1. the adverbs often, fast, softly, quietly
2. the structure as + adverb + as + noun/pronoun

Example:
Sam doesn’t come to visit as often as Michael does.

1. __________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________________________

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 Media and Technology

Exercise 2

Use the structure as + adverb + can/could or possible in the following sentences

Examples:
Go to class quickly.  Go to class as quickly as you can.
He worked fast.  He worked as fast as he could.

1. Sleep long.
___________________________________________________________________

2. I play golf often.

___________________________________________________________________

3. Get home early.

___________________________________________________________________

4. I’m walking fast.

___________________________________________________________________

5. She will volunteer soon.

___________________________________________________________________

6. She volunteered often.

___________________________________________________________________

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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part C: How do I form the present perfect tense?

Use have/has + past participle

HAVE/ HAS + PAST

SUBJECT CONTRACTION
PARTICIPLE
I have worked I've worked.
you have arrived You've arrived.
he/she has gone He's/she's gone.
we have left We've left
they have flown They've flown.

Reminder:

(1) Verbs that end in ‘ed’ in the past have the same past participle. These are your regular verbs. For example:
Present Past Past Participle
walk walked walked

(2) Verbs that have irregular past tenses (where ‘ed’ is not added) have irregular past participles which are not
the same. For example:

Present Past Past Participle

break broke broken
is/are was/were been

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Exercise 1

Choose the correct form of the present perfect tense to complete the sentences. Write your choice on the
line provided.

1. Are you still taking that course? No, I ___________________________.

a) has finished c) have finish
b) had finished d) have finished

2. Oh no, someone _______________________________ my car window.

a) have broken c) has broken
b) has break d) broke

3. They _____________________________ that movie three times already.

a) have seen c) has saw
b) saw d) have sawn

4. Joey and Rosa _____________________________ in Canada for three years now.

a) has been c) have been
b) were d) had been

5. I think someone _______________________________ my umbrella by mistake.

a) have taken c) has taken
b) have took d) has took

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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part D: Use the Past Tense or the Present Perfect Tense

The past tense and the present perfect tense refer to actions that happened in the past.

(A) The past tense refers to an action that is completed in the past at a known time.
I saw the movie last night. (When  last night)
(B) The present perfect tense refers to an action that has taken place in the past.
1. at an indefinite time:
I have seen the movie. (When  I don't know)
2. that is a repeated action:
I have seen that movie several times. (several times indicates repeated action)
3. use since or for:
I have lived in Canada since 1999.
I have lived in Canada for one year.

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Exercise 1

Choose the past tense or the present perfect tense to complete the sentences. Write your choice on the
line provided.

1. Boa ________________________________ to bed late last night. (has gone) (went)

He ________________________________ this several times lately. (has done) (did)

2. Eman says she ________________________________her purse again. (has lost) (lost)

3. A: How long have you known your neighbour?

B: I __________________________ my neighbour, Mr. Beljac, since I was three years old. (knew)
(have known)

4. A: John, what’s the matter? You _______________________________ three classes last week.
(missed) (have missed)

B: Oh, I _______________________________ the flu for the last five days. (had) (have had)

5. She _________________________ Vancouver on Wednesday and __________________ to

Halifax. (has left) (left) (has driven) (drove)

She _________________________ across Canada twice before. (has driven) (drove)

6. My daughter _________________________ three courses in Egyptian history last semester. (took)

(has taken)

She _________________________ interested in Egyptian history for as long as I can remember.

(was) (has been)

7. Ms. Smith is a strict teacher. We _________________________ three tests since the beginning of
the week. (had) (have had).

8. On Saturday we _________________________ our plans with the travel agent. (discussed) (have
discussed)

We _________________________ to travel by train through Europe instead of renting a car. (have

decided) (decided)

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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part E: Use “ever” and “never” with Present Perfect Tense

Use “ever” with the question form of the present perfect to indicate “any time in the past”

Form: have/has + ever + past participle

Have you ever been to British Columbia?

Exercise 1

Put the words in the correct order to form a sentence

1. in/ ever/ Have/ hotel/ they/ a/ slept?

_________________________________________________________________________

2. he/ fallen/ Has/ ever/ a/ off/ bicycle?

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Raja/ to/ tried/ an/ instrument/ play/ ever/ Has?

_________________________________________________________________________

4. Igor/ a/ caught/ Has/ fish/ ever?

_________________________________________________________________________

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Use “never” with the present perfect to indicate “not at any time in the past”

Form: has/have + never + past participle

We have never eaten at that restaurant.

Exercise 2

Choose the best phrases to complete the sentences. Write your choice on the line provided.

1. We ________________________________________so much snow.

a) has never seen b) have never seen

2. She ______________________________________her relatives in India.

a) has never seen b) have never seen

3. Maria _____________________________________ the Internet before.

a) have never used b) has never used

4. They ____________________________________ the computer in the library.

a) have never used b) has never used

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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part F: Use “yet” with the Present Perfect Tense

What does yet mean? I haven’t started to study yet.

yet with the present perfect indicates:
EXPECTATION, (something that we plan to do)
When do we use yet? (1) Haven’t you started to study yet?
(1) questions Have you started to study yet?
(2) negative statements
(2) No, I haven’t started to study yet.
Where is yet positioned in a sentence? (1) It hasn’t started to snow yet.
(1) at the end of a simple sentence (2) It hasn’t started to snow yet, but it will.
(2) in the final position of the main clause in a
complex sentence

Exercise 1

Use the present perfect of the verb in brackets to complete the sentences

1. (begin) The movie _____________________________________ yet, but it will any minute.

2. (lose) Marco _________________________________a night’s sleep over it yet, but he will.

3. (register) Dina _____________________________________ for the course yet, but she will.

4. (fly) She ____________________________________________home yet, but she will soon.

5. (downsize) The company __________________________________________yet, but it will.

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Exercise 2

Put the words in the correct order to form a sentence

1. hasn’t/ Boa/ a/ yet/ taken/ course.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. car/ hasn’t/ new/ yet/ a/ gotten/ Jacek.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. A: Has/ yet/ plane/ left/ the?

_________________________________________________________________________B: it/
yet/ left/ No/ hasn’t.

_________________________________________________________________________

4. A: the/ begun/ concert/ yet/ Has?

_________________________________________________________________________

B: begun/ it/ yet/ hasn’t/ No.

_________________________________________________________________________

5. A: yet/ they/ bought/ Have/ tickets/ the?

_________________________________________________________________________

B: they/ Yes/ have.

_________________________________________________________________________

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 LINC HOME STUDY Module 5 Lesson 1

Part G: When do we use “wish”?

Use “wish” when you want the present situation/reality to be different.

WISH TENSE

a wish about the present I wish I could go with you.

a wish about the present with the verb “to be”
I wish you would come with me.
(wish + would/could + verb)
He wished he lived in Canada.
(wish + past tense)
I wish I were in the country.
I wish you were here.
He wishes he were in the city.
(wish + were)

a wish about the past I wish I had completed school last year.
Jim wishes he had gone with them.
(wish + past participle)

a wish about the future
a wish about the future with the verb “to be”
I wish she would go to school next year.
Inez wishes she could come tomorrow.
(wish + would/could + verb)
I wish I were going with you tomorrow.
He wishes he were coming with us.
(wish + were + verb + ing)

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 Media and Technology

Exercise 1

Rewrite the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets
Examples:
It’s very sunny today. I wish I (be/wear) a hat.
 It’s very sunny today. I wish I were wearing a hat.

1. I didn’t eat anything this morning. I wish I (eat) breakfast.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. I know you will be busy, but I wish you (come) tomorrow.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Jacek is not working. He wishes he (to be) more employable.

_________________________________________________________________________

4. We all wish something (can) be done about the situation immediately.

_________________________________________________________________________

5. He wished he (study) harder when he was in school.

_________________________________________________________________________

6. Leela wishes she (to be/fly) tomorrow instead of driving.

_________________________________________________________________________

7. Arek wishes he (buy/not) that old car last year.

_________________________________________________________________________

8. Iko wishes she (go) yesterday.

_________________________________________________________________________

9. Marja does not agree with her mom. Marja’s mom wishes Marja (agree) with her.

_________________________________________________________________________

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