A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount

contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15
greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an
urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on
average more generous than residents of rural areas.

EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators
EXCEPT

• An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural

areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
• There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it
more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
• There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural
areas.
• The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of
income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often
higher.
• The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for
marketing purposes.

Unfortunately for the commuters who lost their lives when the bridge collapsed, the
engineer was not honest at the preliminary public safety commission hearing, when he
was questioned about the structure’s weight-bearing abilities.

• was not honest

• was not
• was honest
• had not been honest
• had not been being honest

The artist’s most recent work, a series of canvasses splashed liberally with acrylic paint
in primary colors, is extraordinarily popular with interior designers specializing in hotels.

• primary colors, is
 • primary colors is
• primary colors, are
• primary colors are
• colors, are primarily

Static electricity results when negatively-charged electrons are discharged, in the absence
of a conductor, toward a positively-charged substance or material. Lightning is a
powerful kind of static electricity created when electrons build up on the bottom of a rain
cloud. Since like charges repel, electrons below are driven away, leaving the ground with
a positive charge. When the charges in the cloud and the ground have gained sufficient
strength, a bolt of lightning is generated.

If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on
the basis of them?

• The positive charge in the cloud and the negative charge on the ground must
be equal in order for lightning to be generated.
• Since scientists understand the movement of positive and negative charges,
they can use lightning technology to generate electricity for consumer use.
• A lightning bolt is generated when electrons from the cloud are discharged
toward the positively-charged ground.
• Lightning bolts are more likely to occur when it is raining, since water can act
as a conductor.
• Trees are more likely to be struck by lightning than open ground, since they
naturally tend toward a greater positive charge.

The reason the factory did not meet its deadline is because a snowstorm in the northeast
delayed delivery of the necessary components by more than a week.

• The reason the factory did not meet its deadline is

• The factory was not able to be meeting the deadline
• The factory did not meet its deadline
• The deadline of the factory was not met
 • The deadline, of the factory, was not met

The new mayor is certainly more progressive than her predecessor, but she is not nearly
as efficient.

• but she is not nearly as efficient

• but she, however, is not nearly as efficient
• but she is nearly not as efficient
• even though she is not nearly as efficient
• despite being not as efficient

The author of a new art history book argues that students whose paintings come to be
received as masterpieces achieve greatness by perfecting the technique and vision of their
teachers. To support this theory, the author provides a detailed comparison of the works
of 15 student-teacher pairs, in each case demonstrating that the teacher’s work is
superseded by the student’s.

Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion reached by the author
of the art history book?

• The book does not include any side-by-side illustrations comparing the work
of students to the work of their teachers.
• The author does not consider the fact that, in student-teacher pairs, both
artists can produce either masterpieces or low-quality works.
• The author does not give sufficient attention to the historical context of each
masterpiece produced.
• The author chose for inclusion only those artists whom he considered to have
surpassed their teachers, and then examined the relationship of their respective
paintings.
• The author concentrates almost exclusively on the techniques developed by
the teachers, and does not give sufficient attention to the execution of technique
by the students.

D
Apparently tipped off, the police were not able to capture the suspect, who was fleeing
the house before they arrived.

• the police were not able to capture the suspect, who was fleeing the house
before they arrived
• the police, have not been able to capture the suspect, who fled as they arrived
• the suspect fled the police, who are not able to capture him at the house
• the suspect arrived before the police were fleeing the house
• the suspect fled the house before the police arrived

Consumer Safety Advocate:The most recent series of holiday string lights is dangerous
because the plastic coating over the wires is thin, making it more likely that the wires will
be exposed and cause a fire.

Manufacturer:Our company has taken extensive precautions with the manufacturing

process of the glass for the bulbs to assure that each one can withstand high temperatures
without cracking. Because of this process, the danger of fire is extremely low.

The manufacturer’s response is flawed as a refutation of the consumer safety advocate’s

argument because it

• Does not offer to issue a recall order on a product that is clearly dangerous.
• Does not address the consumer safety advocate’s concern about the dangers
posed by thin wiring.
• Does not give specific information on the process by which the glass is
strengthened.
• Focuses too much attention on the process that strengthens the glass, and
gives too few details about the manufacture of the wiring.
• Focuses too much attention on the manufacturer’s precautions and not enough
on the consumer safety advocate’s concerns.

Along Highway 1, traffic is very tightly controlled by traffic lights placed every half mile
to cut down on speeding. Motor vehicle accidents, however, are more common along
Highway 1 than on any other road in the city. Clearly, this problem can only be solved by
adding more traffic lights to the highway, reducing speeding even more.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution
proposed above?

• The average speed on Highway 1 is already 35 miles per hour, making more
traffic lights unnecessary.
• The city council does not have sufficient funds budgeted for improvements
along Highway 1.
• Highway 1 is the longest road in the city, making motor vehicle accidents
statistically more likely.
• Most motor vehicle accidents along Highway 1 are rear-end collisions that
occur when one of the parties is unable to stop safely at a traffic light.
• There are more traffic-light controlled intersections on Highway 1 than there
are on- and off-ramps.

Although structural damage from the earthquake was severe, less than ten people were
injured.

• from the earthquake was severe, less than ten

• from the earthquake was severe; less than ten
• from the earthquake was severe, fewer than ten
• of the earthquake was severe, fewer than ten
• was severe, less than ten

Even though the foreign exchange student was from a completely different culture, it was
not long before she felt comfortable between us.

• between us
• between most of us
• around us
 • among us
• in this culture where the rest of us are comfortable

The cost of gas-burning grills has dropped nearly 40% in the last year, prompting an
increase in sales. Hank’s Hardware responded to the popularity of gas grills with large
displays and deeply-discounted sale prices. Sales of gas grills at Hank’s Hardware went
up by a third, but at the end of the quarter managers were shocked to find they had lost
money on gas grills.

Which of the following, if true, is the best explanation for why Hank’s Hardware’s profits
on gas grills are suffering?

• Sales volume has been miscalculated, surprising managers with a loss in

profits.
• The further discounts offered by sale prices account for a larger dollar amount
than the increase in sales, leading to a loss of profits.
• The reduction in cost is caused by shoddy construction, which is why many
people who purchased gas grills are returning them, leading to a loss in profits.
• Wood-burning grills are more popular than gas-grills; since Hank’s carries
mostly gas grills, their profits are suffering

Customers only bought gas grills when they were on sale; once the sale was
B

When Sven went to the bank last week, he asked not only for the balance on his account,
but also if he could get information about a savings account.

• if he could get
• if they would give him
• to be given
• about
• for

Which of the following best completes the passage?

Other supermarkets may contain delis or coffee bars, but the powerful blend of specialty
food market with café that has made Duetto Market so popular sets the standard for what
is sure to be a national trend.Customers dining in the café sample expensive specialty
foods in expertly prepared entrees and appetizers before purchasing raw materials in the
market. Owners consolidate costs by ordering larger quantities of spices, meat, produce,
and cheeses, some of which are then used in preparing food for the café. As more café
and supermarket owners follow this pattern of blended options, they can expect not only
to please a wider variety of customers, but also to .

• Increase their profit margins by consolidating the costs of food products they
order from wholesalers.
• See the value of their stocks rise as more investors participate in a fashionable
marketing concept.
• Face the expense of renovating existing spaces to accommodate the
combination of prepared and raw foods.
• Receive more attention from media who publish restaurant reviews.
• Gain more customers who are interested in dining as well as shopping.

Before the early eighteenth century, forms of communication among the deaf were often
not regarded as authentic language. Accepted wisdom held either that the deaf were
making simple gestures to communicate basic needs and ideas, or, in a more generous
view, that sign language was a physical method of expressing the words and syntax of
spoken language. Once it was recognized, however, that forms of signing constituted
valid, though non-oral, systems of language, sign systems were standardized and
disseminated in educational programs for the deaf.

American Sign Language was one of the first standardized sets of signs to develop in
response to this new understanding of communication among the deaf. ASL had its
beginnings in 1817 when Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, an American minister, recruited
Frenchman Laurent Clerc to co-found what is now the American School for the Deaf in
Hartford, Connecticut. Clerc had been an instructor at the premiere educational institution
for the deaf in France, where a standardized system of signs had been in use in for nearly
a century. The language Clerc developed for the school was based heavily on the French
Sign Language with which he, being deaf, routinely communicated. At the school, French
Sign Language mingled with various and idiosyncratic “home signs” brought into the
classroom by students from Martha’s Vineyard, an island off Massachusetts where there
were an unusually large number of deaf children. Within only a few years, the mixture of
French Sign Language with Home Sign had reached equilibrium and was taught in other
institutions for the deaf as American Sign Language. Today, though it continues to be
spontaneously adjusted to suit local needs, ASL is the third most common language in the
United States, the dominant sign language of North America, and a popular form of inter-
dialect communication in parts of Africa.

The author likely relates the history of American Sign Language in order to

• Entertain the reader with historical facts.

• Advocate greater flexibility in the development of sign languages.
• Compare two perspectives on types of communication used by the deaf.
• Provide a historical example of a sign language that was first standardized
then disseminated.
• Explore cooperation among nations in the development of languages for the
deaf.

It can be inferred from the passage that American Sign Language borrowed liberally from
French Sign Language for which of the following reasons?

• Many students at the school could read and write French, making the
transition to French Sign Language simple.
• French Sign Language was held by educators of the deaf in France to be
almost flawless.
• French Sign Language was a standardized system of signs already familiar to
one of the founders of the school.
• French Sign Language was equally as expressive as the “home sign”
languages that students from Martha’s Vineyard brought to the school.
• The founders of the school believed French Sign Language to be superior to
British Sign Language.

In the highlighted lines the author most likely says that the second traditional
understanding of sign language as a physical method of expressing the words and syntax
of spoken language was a more generous view because

• It considers deaf people incapable of using words and syntax in ways that
imitate spoken language.
 • It was the more commonly held view among people who gave the most
money to the deaf.
• This position, though not indisputable, is a paraphrase of the point the author
is making in the rest of the passage.
• This perspective, though not completely accurate, was nearer the
understanding that sign language is a valid system of language.
• This viewpoint is the same as that eventually espoused by Gallaudet and
Clerc.

Based on information in the passage, the author of the passage would most likely agree
with which of the following?

• Gallaudet would have been unable to found a school for the deaf without
Clerc’s assistance.
• French Sign Language and Home Sign were equally important contributions
to the development of American Sign Language.
• American Sign Language eventually surpassed the usefulness and flexibility
of French Sign Language.
• Centuries of misunderstood methods of communication among the deaf made
the development of standardized sign languages inevitable.
• The deaf living on Martha’s Vineyard would not have formed their own
standardized system of signs if they had not been introduced to French Sign
Language.

Since taking control of the capital, the BBC reporter says security forces have arrested
about 40 insurgents of the majority political group, killing one of them.

• Since taking control of the capital, the BBC reporter says security forces have
arrested
• The BBC reporter says that, since taking control of the capital, security forces
have arrested
• The BBC reporter, since taking control of the capital, says security forces
 • Security forces, since taking control of the capital, have, the BBC reporter
says, arrested
• Security forces have arrested the BBC reporter since taking control of the
capital

Although it would be unexpected for an attacking dragonfly to gain advantage by

presenting himself openly, scientists observed that in 8 out of 15 inter-species battles
between male dragonflies, the attackers did not prevent detection of their presence as they
would from predators. Instead, the dragonflies employed a technique called “motion
camouflage” by which they attacked openly, but in a straight line from a fixed object.
The reaction times of their adversaries, who did not seem to realize they were
approaching, were slowed significantly, and the attackers were victorious in each case.

Which of the following, if true, forms the best basis for at least a partial explanation of
the success of motion camouflage in dragonfly battles?

• The dragonflies attacking in a straight line moved more quickly than other
dragonflies observed in battle, causing their adversaries’ reaction times to seem
slow by comparison.
• The adversaries of the dragonflies, like scientists, do not expect to be attacked
openly.
• Scientists record a lower success rate for dragonflies who attack using a zig-
zag pattern, rather than a straight line attack.
• Scientists theorize that by remaining on a straight line with some landmark
point, the attacking dragonfly remains stationary from the point of view of his
adversary.
• Scientists discover inaccuracies in the devices used to measure reaction times
of adversaries.

Archaeologists should make greater use of satellite images in their search for Mayan
ruins in the jungles of Guatemala. Though satellite photographs have proven unhelpful
because of their inability to penetrate the dense tree canopy, infrared imaging translates
heat signatures into distinct colors, making previously-undiscovered ruins visible.

The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?

 • Archeologists in the field have not been able to discover many ruins because
the jungle is impenetrable.
• Archaeologists use both satellite technology and local folklore to theorize the
location of ruins.
• Archaeologists require special training in order to read maps produced by
infrared imaging.
• Satellite photography has not produced images of sufficient detail to locate
ruins in the jungle.
• Infrared imaging is helpful because the heat signature of ruin sites is different
from the heat signature of the surrounding jungle.

Being that completing a master’s degree opens many lucrative job options, many people
are willing to balance full time professional work, family life, and graduate classes to
gain access to a higher-paying career track.

• Being that
• If
• Because
• When
• Notwithstanding the fact that

The developers of Overlook Ridge built 200 luxury homes for the subdivision last year.
Despite beautiful views and modern amenities, however, at least two-thirds of the homes
remain unsold. For their own sake, developers should scrap plans to add another 100
homes to the subdivision this year.

Which of the following, if true, would provide the greatest support for the author’s
conclusion?

• The most recent census indicates that mean income in the area has been
steadily declining over the last five years, making new home purchases unlikely.
• An opinion poll in the local newspaper found that most home-buyers
prioritize easy access to parks over beautiful views.
 • Homeowners currently residing in the subdivision have registered several
complaints about the noise of ongoing construction.
• The eventual sale of another 100 homes will add greatly to the community’s
tax base.
• The architectural style of the proposed additional homes will be slightly more
adventurous, in order to lure potential buyers to the subdivision.

The author of a book tracing the relationship of work-related stress to productivity loss in
small business argues that most workers underestimate the harmful physical effects of
unprocessed anxiety. Powerful hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine, which are
released in stressful situations, raise heartbeat and blood pressure, priming the body for
physical activity. However, since most business is conducted in a relatively restrained
environment, workers find few opportunities to respond to stressful situations as their
hormones seem to demand.

If all of the above statements are true, it can be most directly inferred from the passage
that

• Most productivity loss in small business is due to unprocessed stress

hormones.
• Increased physical activity would be helpful in processing stressful situations
and increasing productivity.
• Hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine stimulate critical thinking as well
as raising blood pressure.
• The restraint of business environments contributes to the stress experienced
by workers.
• Workers in more physically demanding jobs have fewer problems with work-
related stress.

The majority of patrons of the local library, though enthusiastic about a new book mobile
service, is unable, or either unwilling , to volunteer time to staff it.

• is unable, or either unwilling

• is either unable or unwilling
• are unable, or either unwilling
 • are either unable or unwilling

The section’s new manager is limited in his effectiveness because he is convinced that, of
all the possible methods for monitoring progress, the most effective is checking on his
employees every few minutes.

• is checking on
• is checking in on
• are checking in on
• are checking upon
• are checking on

Which of the following best completes the passage?

Hydraulic rescue tools, colloquially known as Jaws of Life, are used by emergency
response personnel to remove crash victims from damaged vehicles. Hydraulic tools have
often completely replaced traditional tools, such as crowbars and circular saws, which
could cause additional structural damage or create sparks. Emergency response workers
prefer hydraulic tools, not only because they are less frightening to crash victims, but also
because

• One hydraulic rescue tool can perform the functions of both a crowbar and a
circular saw.
• Hydraulic tools are quieter and do not cause crash victims to panic.
• Hydraulic tools are unlikely to complicate an already dangerous situation in
the way that more traditional tools often did.
• Hydraulic tools are able to quickly and efficiently repair structural damage to
vehicles involved in collisions.
• Emergency response workers have greater leverage when using hydraulic
tools than when using traditional tools, such as crowbars and circular saws.
Before the storm destroyed much of the harbor, this town, with its sandy beaches and
multiple opportunities for sports, had been one of the most popular resort destinations on
the East Coast.

• had been
• has been
• had been being
• was being
• was

The Chicago School of economics gained ascendancy in the 1950s and became the
prevailing way of thinking about capitalist economics, first in the United States and
eventually in many Western countries. A dominant subset of “Neoclassical economics,”
the Chicago School fine-tuned many of the fundamentals of the larger movement and
articulated tenets now generally taken for granted in economic thought.

A basic principle of Neoclassical economics is the concept of utility, or the assertion that
a correct economic decision is one that yields “the greatest good for the greatest number.”
Neoclassical economics vociferously defends a laissez-faire, or “hands off,” approach to
government regulation. According to Neoclassical theory, in the absence of state
interference, individual participants in the market will make rational economic decisions
that maximize their satisfaction. For individuals, the principle of utility translates into
buying quality goods at the lowest possible price; for companies, it means making
decisions that will maximize profits. The interplay of free market forces, according to
Neoclassical economists, will result in greater good – in the form of high quality products
and services – for a greater number of people.

The Chicago School accepts the principles of utility and laissez-faire regulation, but
tailors its understanding of these terms to focus on the related principle of “efficiency.”
For Chicago School thinkers, “efficiency” subsumes Neoclassical thought on the
mechanisms of utility, which concentrates on individuals making individual rational
decisions, into a more sophisticated awareness of the balance between individual
decisions and production. The chief cause of inefficiency for Chicago School thinkers is
government regulation, which prevents the free interplay of market forces. In an economy
unencumbered by state interference, not only are individuals and companies free to
maximize their satisfaction, but production itself is likely to become more efficient by
producing the highest quality goods at the lowest possible price.
According to the passage, which of the following best articulates the relationship of
utility to efficiency?

• Utility is concerned with maximizing satisfaction, whereas efficiency is

concerned with greater production.
• Utility is the basic principle, whereas efficiency is a more refined version of
the basic principle.
• Utility and efficiency are equally important concepts in Neoclassical
economic theory.
• Utility and efficiency, though opposite in meaning, are both useful in
describing the statistical behavior of free markets.
• Neither utility nor efficiency, as a principle, is able to completely predict the
behavior of a free market.

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of this passage?

• To discuss the relationship of the Chicago School to Neoclassical economic

theory.
• To demonstrate the fundamental disagreement between the Chicago School
and Neoclassical economic theory.
• To argue for the application of the principle of utility in the United States
economy.
• To trace the development of the concept of efficiency in American economic
theory.
• To outline a plan for producing the highest quality goods at the lowest
possible price.

The author of the passage most likely states that greater good comes in the form of high
quality products and services for which of the following reasons?

• To underscore the fact that Neoclassical economists are more concerned with
the greater good than other types of economists.
 • To remind readers that, for the principle of utility to truly apply, goods and
services must be put to appropriate use.
• To emphasize the fact that products and services are good, but high quality
products and services are better.
• To distinguish between economic good (quality products and services) and
economic evil (lack of quality products and services).
• To make clear an implied distinction between moral good (virtue) and
economic good (quality products and services).

According to the passage, all of the following are benefits of a laissez-faire economy
EXCEPT

• Individual participants will make decisions that maximize their satisfaction.

• Companies will make decisions that maximize their profits.
• Production of goods will become more efficient.
• Government agencies will be available to correct inflation.
• Quality goods will be produced at the lowest possible price.

Publisher Big Books’ proposal to encourage new authors by founding an imprint, or

brand name, exclusively for first novels is doomed to artistic failure. New authors have
not had the experience necessary to refine their writing styles, and a wistful desire to
publish hoards of new authors will only lower quality standards and flood the market
with mediocre prose.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument against the publisher’s
proposed imprint?

• Authors hoping to be published will share the cost of publication.

• First novels will be marketed only by in-store displays, not with posters,
which are more expensive.
• All books published under the new imprint are held to rigorous, pre-
determined standards of quality.
 • Many novels that are now considered classics were the first novels published
by their authors.
• Manuscripts will be solicited from authors who have already proven
successful at writing short stories.

When scientists discuss the point in the evolutionary process at which a sense of fairness
arose in human beings, one of two theories general prevails. The first theory holds that a
sense of fairness – or, more generally, morality – is a late and mostly intellectual addition
to the evolutionary process. In this view morality is defined as a set of rules agreed upon
by a society, permitting human beings to “rise above” the raw violence and competition
found in “nature.” In certain circles this idea is known as “veneer theory,” because it
posits human morality as a thin crust on a violently churning interior.

The second theory, by contrast, does not set nature and morality in direct opposition, but
rather holds a sense of fairness to be as much a part of human “nature” as violence and
competition. Advocates of this theory most often appeal to the behavior of other primates
to argue that humans possess an innate sense of fairness common to other species of a
shared evolutionary past. Orangutans, for example, have been observed to throw temper
tantrums when teased by being shown an apple they are not allowed to have. Experiments
with monkeys offering them two kinds of rewards for performing simple tasks have
shown that they will refuse the less-preferred reward if they see their companions
receiving the preferred reward for performing the same task.

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of this passage?

• To speculate about the origins of violence in humans and other primates.

• To refute the idea that human nature is inherently violent.
• To illustrate the ways in which primates demonstrate an inherent sense of
fairness.
• To compare and contrast two theories about the development of a sense of
fairness in human evolution.
• To criticize the assertion that human morality is intended to rise above the
violence and competition found in nature.
According to the passage, the common concern of the two theories presented in the
passage is

• Whether orangutans and other primates possess an innate sense of fairness.

• Whether a sense of fairness should be considered an earlier or more recent
development in the evolution of human beings.
• Whether a sense of fairness can rightly be called morality.
• Whether morality is the basis of human social patterns, or is a surface
concern.
• Whether morality is innate, or the result of a series of social interactions and
agreements.

Which of the following, if added to the end of the passage, would make the best
conclusion to the discussion of the second theory?

• For advocates of this theory, the behavior of primates offers evidence that a
sense of fairness evolved before primate species differentiated, making morality
just as “natural” to humans as violence and competition.
• In conclusion, both orangutans and monkeys were observed to raise strenuous
objections when they felt that a received standard of fairness had somehow been
violated.
• In contrast to veneer theory, then, the second theory’s use of observation and
experiment lends it a credibility that can not be denied.
• Because orangutans and monkeys, at least in these examples, demonstrated a
clear sense of fairness, it can reasonably be concluded that morality comes more
naturally to them than it does to humans.
• Despite the suggestion that primates such as monkeys and orangutans possess
an innate sense of fairness, however, most scientists continue to accept veneer
theory.

The passage suggests which of the following about the condition of “nature,” according
to veneer theory?
 • Societies agree to rules of morality in order to recondition themselves to resist
the violence and competition of nature.
• Nature is inherently violent and competitive and may be contained, but can
not be changed.
• The violence and competition found in nature must be transformed by
morality in order for humans to live peacefully.
• Human beings constitute a thin crust living on the outside of a chaotic core of
nature.
• Morality is as much a part of nature as violence and competition.

According to the passage, which of the following is evidence that the development of a
sense of fairness occurred early in the evolution of human beings?

• History shows that violence and competition have not been a significant part
of human behavior.
• Societies establish laws designed to enforce agreed-upon ideals of fairness,
and to protect members from violence.
• Observation demonstrates that this sense is shared by other primates such as
orangutans and monkeys.
• Orangutans became visibly upset when they were unfairly denied something
they wanted.
• Experiments involving monkeys prove that primates feel entitled to rewards
when they have successfully completed simple tasks.

A proposed law would require people to bring photo ID to polling places when they vote
to curb potential fraud.

• places when they vote to curb potential fraud

• places when they vote, to curb potential fraud
• places, when they vote to curb potential fraud
• places, when they vote, to curb potential fraud
 • places, to curb potential fraud by voting

A developer wants to build a shopping mall in a mostly rural area of a mid-sized city. In
the letter to the city council requesting a building permit, the developer argues that the
permit should be granted because the shopping mall, if successful, will ultimately benefit
the city by creating jobs in a place where the unemployment rate is slightly higher than
the national average.

Which of the following, if true, will be most helpful in strengthening the developer’s
petition before the city council?

• A citizens’ group has circulated a petition collecting signatures in support of

the developer’s plan.
• The city code requires that proposals for all new structures be voted upon and
approved by the city council.
• The developer has already obtained verbal agreements from several retailers
who plan to open stores in the future shopping mall.
• The city’s largest percentage of unemployed people lives in the rural area
where the proposed shopping mall would be built.
• The city will benefit financially from the new shopping mall, because all sales
tax revenues will go to the city.