Blood

1. Which leukocy’s in the peripheral blood will become an activated

macrophage in granulomotous inflammation:
A. Lymphocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Eosinophil
D. Monocyte
E. Basophil
Key: D

2. A patient with end-stage renal disease who is undergoing

hemodialysis has normocytic normochromic anemia. Which of
the following is the most appropriate therapy:
A. Erythropoietin
B. Ferrous sulfate
C. Folate
D. Vitamin B6 (phyridoxine)
E. Vitamin B12 (cyancocobalamin)
Key: A

3. blood coagulation may be delay by all of the following except:

A. deficiency of prothrombin
B. deficiency of factor IX (Christmas factor)
C. heparin
D. citrates
E. antifibrinolysin
key; E

4. Regarding polycythemia vera all of the following are true except:

A. Viscosity of blood is increased
B. It is a neoplastic disease
C. Blood pressure is increased
D. Risk of thrombotic complications increased
E. Skin appears ruddy, plethoric and cyanotic
Key: C

5. Highest percentage of antibody in a new born is:

A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgM
D. IgE
E. IgG
Key: E
6. IgM isohemagglutininus from a n individual of with blood type A are
treated with papain, when the produce of this reaction are added
to type B erythrocytes, the erythrocytes will be:
A. Agglutinated
B. Lysed
C. Phagocytized
D. Precipitated
E. Unaffected
Key; E

7. A patient needs blood transfusion. Her blood sent to laboratory.

Technician says that patient’s blood agglutinates with antisera
anti- A & anti-d, while patient’s serum agglutinates cells of blood
group B. what is the blood group of patient:
A. A positive
B. O positive
C. B positive
D. A negative
E. B negative
Key: A

8. Which one is the most specific for IgM:

A. Is highly bound to the membrane
B. Is the largest immunoglobulin molecule
C. Is the most abundant immunoglobulin
D. Is a tetramer of 4 subunits
E. Is the second to appear in immune response
Key: B

9. Transketolase enzyme activity is high in:

A. Germ cell
B. Leucocyte
C. Erythrocyte
D. Neutrophil
E. Macrophage and mast cell
Key: C

10. Factor VIII is synthesized in:

A. endothelium
B. Hepatocytes
C. Kupffer cells
D. Histicytes
E. Platelets
Key: B

11. vWB disease is:

 A. autosomal recessive autosomal dominant
B. atuosomal dominant
C. X-linked
D. Characterized by decreased platelets
E. Characterized by decreased bleeding time
Key; B

12. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the platelet

activating factor:
A. Is vasoactive
B. Is involved in platelet aggregation
C. Is chemotactic
D. Is present in platelet granules
E. Is a peptide
Key; D

13. Amongst the immunity cells, the memory is not the function of:
A. T-lymphocytes
B. B-lymphocytes
C. NK cells
D. CD 8+ cells
E. CD 4+cells
Key: C

14. A person who spent one year at high altitude, has developed
polycythemia; this may be due to:
A. Polycythemia vera
B. Secondary polycythemia
C. Presence of tumor
D. High blood volume
E. Lung disease
Key: B

15. The peripheral blood film of a patient suffering from vitamin B12
deficiency is most likely to show:
A. Hypochromic macrocytic anemia
B. Normochromic macrocytic anemia
C. Hyperchromic macrocytic anemia
D. Hyperchromic microcytic anemia
E. Normochromic microcytic anemia
Key: B

16. A Couple requests blood typing of their 2-year-old child (father AB,
Rh-negative; mother B, Rh-negative). Results of hemagglutination
assays of the Childs blood are as follows: (+= hemagglutination;
-= no hemagglutination):
 Saline plus child’s RBC -
Anti A plus child’s RBC -
Anti B plus child’s RBC +
Anti D plus child’s RBC -
Child’s serum plus type A RBC +
Child’s serum plus type B RBC -
Child’s serum plus type D RBC -
Which of the following conclusion concerning child’s parentage is
valid
A. The child could be the natural offspring of this couple
B. The mother could be the natural mother, but the father could not be
the natural father
C. The father could be the natural father, but the mother could not be
natural mother
D. Neither the father not the mother could be the natural plus
Key; A

17. C3b & IgG are used as:

A. Opsonins
B. Anaphylotoxins
C. Platelet – activating factor
D. Anti-coagulant
E. Membrane attack complex
Key: A

18. A lady was brought the emergency room in shock due to PPH. Her
blood group was unknown but her blood was coagulated when
mixed with serum containing anti A antibodies and similarly
coagulated when her serum was mixed with B +ve blood. The
blood most suitable to be transfused to her is:
A. O-ve
B. O+ve
C. A+ve
D. AB +ve
E. B +ve
Key; C

19. C5a is called as:

A. Anaphylotoxin
B. Opsonin
C. Plateletl-activating factor
D. Kinin
E. Cytokine
Key; A
20. Which of the following structural proteins enables the erythrocyte to
withstand the stress on its plasma membrane as it presses thru
narrow capillaries:
A. Integrin
B. Myosin
C. Spectrin
D. Tubulin
E. Actin
Key: C

21. In term of weight, the lightest plasma protein:

A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Transferring
D. Fibrinogen
E. Beta globulin
Key: A

22. Regarding the eerythroblastosis fetalis all of the following are true
except:
A. The fetus is Rh positive
B. The mother is Rh negative
C. The father is Rh positive
D. Many of the fetal red cells are nucleated
E. Liver and spleen are shrunken
Key: B

23. The need for Vit B12 & folic acid in the formation of red blood cells is
related primarily to their effects on :
A. Synthesis & release of erythropoietin from the kidney
B. Absorption of iron from the gul
C. DNA synthesis in the bone narrow
D. Hemoglobin formation in RBCs
E. RNA synthesis in developing RBCs
Key: C

24. Over the past & weeks, a 66-yer-old woman with moderately severe
aortic stenosis has had worsening of her shortness of breath and
exertional chest pains. Examination shows pallor & jugular venos
distention. Test of the stool for occult blood is positive.
Laboratory studies shows:

Hemoglobin 7.4 g/dL

Mean corpuscular volume 70μm3
Leukocyte count 5400/mm3
Platelet count 580,000/mm3
 Erythrocyte sedimentation 33 mm/h

A blood smear shows hypochromic, microcytic RBCs with

moderate poikilocytosis the following is most likely diagnosis?

A. Anemia of chornic disease

B. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
C. Folate deficiency anemia
D. Iron deficiency anemia
E. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Key: D

25. The best chemotoctic agent is:

A. C3a
B. C3
C. C5a
D. C4a
E. C3b
Key; C

26. Following is correct statement about macrophages:

A. They are not mobile
B. They are not phagocytic
C. They have long podocytes which move out of the membrane to
snatch up foreign body
D. Exhibit C3a & C5a induced phagocytosis
E. None of above
Key: C

27. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these finding :
A. ABO incompatibility
B. Bacterial contamination of the blood unit
C. Intravenous catheter infection
D. Preformed antibodies to minor blood group antigens
E. Performed antibodies to leukocyte antigens
Key: A

28. Which of the following is the most likely to have prevented this
complication:
A. Administration of leukocyte-free blood
B. Administration of washed erythrocytes
C. Daily changing of peripheral intravenous sites
D. Meticulous sterile technique and preservation
E. Strict adherence to labeling and identification
Key; E
29. Stimulation of erythropoietin secretion by kidney is because of:
A. Hypoxia
B. Rennin
C. Angiotensin II
D. Anemia
E. Calcium ions
Key: A

30. In venous blood:

A. CO2 is transported in the form of carbamino Hb.
B. Pressure of O2 is 95 mmHg
C. Pressure of CO2 is 40 mmHg
D. Chloride content of RBC’s is less than in arterial blood
E. Hb is 97% saturated
Key: A

31. In case of O2 –Hb dissociation curve, shift to the left is due to:
A. Increase DPG
B. Increase CO2
C. Increase temperature
D. Increase pH
E. Increase hydrogen ion
Key: D

32. A 54-year-old man has had generalized weakness for 6 month;

during this period, he has had a 9-kg (20-lb) weight loss. His
temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 146/80 mm Hg
while supine and 143/80 mm Hg while standing and pulse is
86/min while supine and 88/mi while standing. His liver measures
16 cm in the right midclavicular line. His hemoglobin level is 10
g/dL, hypochromic, microcytic cells. Test of the stool for occult
blood is positive. Which of the following is the most likely cause
of these finding:
A. Acute blood loss
B. Acute myelogenous leukemia
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
D. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
E. Iron deficiency
Key: E

33. A 65-year-old woman with renal failure presents for hemodialysis.

She is found to be anemic and is given a dose of erythropoietin
along with her usual witamin and mineral supplements.
Erythropoietin stimulates the following intermediates
erythroblasts:
 A. Basophilic erythroblast
B. Colony forming units erythroid (CFU-E)
C. Reticulocytes
D. Proerythroblasts
E. Multipotential stem cells
Key: C

34. If wrong group of blood is infused in a patient, creating hemolytic

reaction, the most likely mechanism by which RBCs are
hemolyzed are:
A. Anticipation
B. Agglutination
C. Precipitation
D. Complement fixation
E. Coagulation
Key: B

35. Antibodies are produce by:

A. Plasma cells
B. Lymphocytes
C. B cells
D. T cells
E. Macrophages
Key; A

36. Major stimulant for erythropoietin production is:

A. Hypoxia
B. Rennin
C. Hypotension
D. Hypertension
E. Dehydration
Key: A

37. A person on returning to land from a high altitude is having cyanosis

of the hands and is having pain in his finger s this is because of
the :
A. Polycythemia
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Increased vascularity of tissue
D. Increased pulmonary ventilation
E. Decreased diffusing capacity of lunges
Key; A

38. A woman G2 P1 A0 during 20 weeks has 11.8 g/dl Hb during the 30th
week has Hb of 10.2 g/dl, most probably she is suffering from:
A. Physiological anemia
 B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Leukemia
D. Megaloblastic anemia
E. Thalassemia
Key: B

39. Among the immunoglobulins, the following is largest molecule:

A. IgM
B. IgG
C. lgA
D. lgE
E. lgD
key: A

40. A neonate is born with erythroblastosis fetalis; on examination of

peripheral film his RBCs are most likely to demonstrate:
A. Spherocytes
B. Positive direct coomb’s test
C. Positive indirect coomb’s test
D. Ellipsoids cells
E. Megaloblastic red cell
Key: E

41. A 26l-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, comes to the pltysician for

her first prenatal visit at d36 weeks’ gestation. She has been
taking over-the-counter ferrous sulfate. Although her intake of
protein and calories has been adequate, she realy eats fruits or
fresh vegetables. This patient is at increased risk for deficiency
of which of the following:
A. Calcium
B. Folic acid
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
E. Vitamin D
Key; B

42. The most characteristic of intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation is:

A. Activated by tissue factor
B. Initiation with activation of factor XI
C. Involvement of Ca++
D. Initiation with activation of factor VII
E. Exhibited in vivo only
Key: C

43. A 9-month-old infant is brought to the physician for a well-child visit.

She was born at 33 weeks gestation. Her diet consists of whole
 milk and commercial baby food vegetables, fruits, and meat. Her
length is at the 50th percentile for age, and weight is at the 75th
percentile. Examination shows no is 25% a blood smear shows
microcytic, hypocheomic erythrocyte. Which of the following is
most likely to have prevented this condition:
A. Dietary supplementation with vitamin C
B. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E
C. Introduction of fresh fruits and vegetables to her diet at 3 months fo
age
D. Regular consumption of iron-containing formula
E. Regular consumption of 2% milk
Key: D

44. A 6-month-old boy bruises easily and has bleeding gums on several
occasions for 2 months. A maternal uncle has a bledding
disorder. Examination shows several small bruises on the legs.
Partial thromboplastin time is prolonged, and prothrombin time is
normal. Which of the following is the most likely coagulation
factor deficiency :
A. Factor III
B. Factor VII
C. Factory VIII
D. Factor X
E. Factor XIII
Key; C

45. A 28-years-old lady with Rh –ve blood group, deliver a Rh +ve baby.
To prevent the Rh incompatibility in subsequent pregnancy, the
most appropriate measure is:
A. Blood transfusion
B. Immunoglobulin D
C. Amniocentesis
D. Corticosteroids
E. Abortion
Key; B

46. Half life of infused factor VIII is:

A. 2 hrs
B. 24 hrs
C. 36 hrs
D. 12 hrs
E. 9 hrs
key: D

47. CD specific of hematopoietic stem cells is:

A. CD4
 B. CD8
C. CD19
D. CD6
E. CD34
Key: E

48. Antibodies are produced by the:

A. Neutrophils
B. Plasma cells
C. Eosinophils
D. T lymphocytes
E. Macrophages
Key: B

49. concerning RBCs the following is the:

A. Energy is produced by aerobic respiration
B. Antigen A & B are enzymes
C. Antigen A & B are attached to heme
D. Antigen is also called aglutinm
E. Life span is about 120days
Key: E

50. A 22-year-old woman with schizophrenia has had fatigue and

decreased energy for 6 months. She has a good appaetite but has
refused to eat fresh vegetables. She appears pale. Her
hemoglobin level is 9.8 g/dL and leukocyte count is 600/mm3.
select the most likely diagnosis:
A. Acute myelogenous leukemia
B. Anemia of chronic disease
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Folic acid deficiency
E. Iron deficiency
Key: D

51. The breakdown of RBC yields all of the following except:

A. Bilirubin, mostly in the liver and spleen
B. Erythropoietin which helps to increase RBCs count
C. Bilirubin from prphyrin compound
D. Iron which is reutilized by the body
E. Amino acids that is utilized by the body
Key; B

52. Following, is true regarding blood group antigens :

A. Are present on Hb molecule
B. Are secreted in saliva
C. Are called agglutinins
 D. Are enzymes
E. Inherited as autosomal recessive
Key: B

53. Following coagulation factors are vit. K dependent:

A. Factor II.VII & X
B. Factor X & XI
C. Factor VII & XI
D. Factor II, VII & XI
E. Factor XI & XII
Key: A

54. Concerning blood group following are true:

A. Blood group are attached to hemoglobin molecules
B. Blood group antigens are inherited as recessive characteristic
C. Agglutinin A & B pass easily across the placental barrier
D. Rh blood system has spontaneous antibodies
E. Rh immunization in mother can be achieved by injecting anti-D
immunoglobulin
Key; E

55. Following is true regarding blood group:

A. O is universal recipient
B. B contains anti-B agglutinins
C. O among Caucasian is 41%
D. Agglutinins are gamma globulins
E. AB is most common blood group in Pakistan
Key: D

56. A soldier posted in Siachin becomes hypoxic; this results in an

increased concentration of hemoglobin, thru:
A. Increased RBC count
B. Increased packed cell volume
C. Decreased WBC count
D. Increased platelet count
E. Erythropoietin action on CFU-E
Key: E

57. Which of the following statements is correct regarding

immunoglobulins:
A. Are synthesized by the liver
B. IgE is present in the secretions
C. Their small be found in urine in multiple myeloma
D. Are lipopolysacharides in nature
E. IgA is dominant serum immunoglobulin
Key C
58. Antibodies against a Rhesus positive baby in a rhesus negative
mother develops at:
A. 2nd trimester
B. 1st trimester
C. 3rd trimester
D. 27th trimester
E. at delivery
key: B

59. Eosinophilia is expected to be present in all of the following

conditions except:
A. Parasitic infestation
B. Infectius mononucleosis
C. Chronic myeloid leukemia
D. Pemphigus vulgaris
E. Asthmatics
Key: B

60. Blood groups which can be safely given in the first & subsequent
transfusions include:
A. Blood group “A” (Rh) to an individual with blood group “B2” rhesus
positive (+)
B. Blood group “A” (Rh) to an individual wit blood group “B” (Rh)
C. Blood group “B” (Rh) to an individual wit blood group “A1” (Rh)
D. Blood group “O” (Rh) to an individual with blood group “A” (Rh)
E. Blood group “BI” (Rh) to an individual with blood group “A” (Rh)
Key: D

61. Movement of cells toward or away from a chemical agent is called:

A. Chemotaxis
B. Chemotropism
C. Diapedesis
D. Margination
E. Rolling over
Key; B

62. Concerning blood groups the following is true:

A. Hemolytic disease of the newborn may occur in a child with an Rh
father and an Rh mother
B. Cells with A antigen are compatible with a antibody
C. Antigens can enter the maternal circulation from the fetus
D. Individuals of blood group O can safety receive a blood transfusion
from an individual of any ABO group
E. Blood group antigens are absent from all other tissues
Key: C
63. In anemia which of the following is always decreased:
A. MCV
B. MCHC
C. Hb%
D. MCH
E. Serum ferritn
Key: C

64. Regarding iron all are correct except:

A. Daily requirement of iron is 0.6 mg in adult male
B. Iron absorption start from stomach
C. Iron absorbed readily in ferrous form
D. It is actively absorbed
E. It is absorbed in upper small intestine
Key: B

65. Regarding iron all are correct except:

A. Ferritin is the principle tissue storage form
B. Normal plasma iron level is 23 umol/: om ,em
C. Ferrous in cytoplasm of enterocytes is oxidized to ferric form and
bound to apoferritin
D. Its form soluble complexes with ascorbic acid
E. Most of the dietary iron is in the ferrous form
Key: E

66. Regarding immunoglobins all of the following are true except:

A. IgA protects secretory surface
B. IgG is formed first in response antigenic challenge 0.
C. IgM is deficient in infants b/c it doesn’t crosses placenta
D. IgD occur predominantly in a cell-bound form on B-cell membrane
E. IgE is related to mast cells
Key: B

67. Iron binding proteins is:

A. Transferrin
B. Hematopexin
C. Globulin
D. Mobilferrin
E. None of above
Key : A

68. Most of the plasma colloid pressure is due to:

A. Albumin
 B. Globulin
C. B2 macroglobulin
D. Alpha 2 macroglobulin
E. None of above
Key: A

69. Regarding immunoglobulins all of the following are true except:

A. Have small molecular weight than other plasma proteins
B. Causes agglutination
C. May activate complement
D. Are gamma globulin
E. Causes precipitation
Key; A

70. Iron is mainly stored in form of:

A. Ferritin
B. Transferring
C. Transcortin
D. Ceruloplasmin
E. Hemosiderin
Key; A

71. Iron is exchanged in the plasma with the help of:

A. Transferring
B. Ceruloplasmin
C. Ferritin
D. Albumin
E. Globulin
Key; A

72. A patient presented with epistaxis, and bruises on his body; his
bleeding and clotting times are prolonged. The next appropriate
test to make diagnosis is:
A. Agglutination test
B. Platelet count
C. Antibody titer
D. Serology
E. LFTs
Key: B

73. For transfusing blood in a body after his/her birth with history of Rh
incompatibility, the blood should be :
A. Corss-matched with fetus blood
B. Cross-matched with mother blood
C. Rh negative blood
D. ABO incompatible
 E. Leukocytes depleted
Key E

74. Most potent chemotacitve agent is:

A. IL-6
B. C’5a
C. C3a
D. Product of arachdonic acid
E. Virus
Key; B

75. Regarding fibrin stabilizing factor all of the following are true except:
A. Is present in plasma as a precursor
B. Requires Ca for its activity
C. Cross links fibri monomers
D. Changes solubility of fibrin clot
E. Requires for intrinsic coagulation only
Key: E

76. The most potent stimulator of erythropoietin is:

A. Anemia
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Hypoxia decreased blood pressure
D. Decreased reticlocytes
Key: C

77. Factors important in platelet aggregation are all of the following

except:
A. ADP
B. AMP
C. Contact with collagen
D. Binding of platelet with fibrin meshwork
E. Participation of arachidonic acid
Key: B

78. Factor VIII is derived from :

A. Liver
B. Kupfer cells
C. Endothetial cells
D. Lymph nodes
E. Bone
Key; A

79. Regarding the fragility of RBCs all of the following are true except:
A. The more spherical the cells greater the fragility
B. Normal RBC hemolyze when they are placed in hypertonic saline
 C. Spectrin is important in maintaining RBC cytoskeleton
D. Ankyrin attaches membrane skeleton of RBC to transmemebrane
proteins
E. Susceptibility to hemolysis increases by deficiency of enzyme G-6-
P-D (glucose – 6phosphate dehydrogenase)
Key: B

80. Anemia due to maturation failure is:

A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Microcytic anemia
C. Normocytic anemia
D. Pernicious anemia
E. Mediterranean anemia
Key: D

81. If there been fetal maternal transfusion, it is possible to icentify fetal

cells in the maternal blood because fetal red blood cells:
A. Are acid fast
B. Are polychromatic when stained
C. Contain a different type of hemoglobin
D. Are round in appearance
E. Are nucleated and maternal cells are not
Key: C

82. Intrinsic pathway of clotting system:

A. Involved activation of factor XII
B. Involved activation of fact VII
C. Requires Ca2 ion for initiation
D. Activated by tissue thromboplastin
E. Does not involve factor X
Key: A

83. The following is true regarding fibrinogen:

A. Causes blood clotting
B. Used for hormone transportation
C. Prevents blood clotting
D. Is a hormone
E. Is an enzyme
Key A

84. Following factors are involved in the production and maturation of

various cells of blood except:
A. Erythropoietin
B. Interleukins
C. GCSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor)
D. MCSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor)
 E. Serotonin
Key; E

85. Regarding bleeding from a small cut in the skin all of the following
are true except:
A. Is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
B. Ceases within about 5 minutes in normal people
C. Will be prolonged if factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin) is absent
D. Is likely to be greater if the skin is warm the cold
E. Is prolonged in thrombocytopenia
Key: C

86. Regarding thrombin all of the following are true except:

A. It is an enzyme
B. It catalyses conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
C. It is formed from the precursor prothrombin
D. Its formation requires catalytic action of activated factor IX
E. It activates fibrin-stabilizing factor
Key; D

87. A female patient is found to be anemic, his RBC’s are microcytic and
hypochromic. His serum ferritin is reduced but total iron binding
capacity is markedly increased. Which of the following is true for
this patient:
A. Oral iron will be avidly absorbed
B. Iron as Fe+3 will be more rapidly absorbed then Fe+2
C. Free iron will be absorbed betterthan bound iron
D. Stomach is not needed for iron absorption
E. Iron will be absorbed from the terminal ileum
Key: A

88. Internal pigment in case of chronic hemolysis is:

A. Bilirubin
B. Hemosiderin
C. Melanin
D. Ferritin
E. Transferring
Key: A

89. Regarding red blood cells all of the following are true except:
A. Are formed in yolk sac in early embryonic life
B. Contain carbonic anhydrase which contribute n its acid-base buffer
power
C. Are reticulocytes if stained with cresyl blue
 D. Have a life span of 120 days
E. Contain agglutinins on their cell membrane
Key: E

90. The following associations concerning body defense mechanisms

against infection are correct:
A. Specific humoral mechanism – complement complex
B. Non-Specific cellular mechanism – B lymphocytes
C. Non-specific humoral mechanism – T lymphocytes
D. Specific cellular mechanism – Cytotoxic T cells
E. First line of defence – lymphocytes
Key; D

91. Interstitial buffer is:

A. Deoxy-Hb
B. Bicarbonate
C. Hb
D. Phosphates
E. B & D
Key: B

92. Regarding hemostasis the following is true:

A. Extrinsic pathway activation follows contact of blood with collagen
B. Factor VII exist is plasma as an active enzyme
C. Factor VIII & V requires presence of vitamin K for synthesis
D. Aspirin inhibits formation of thromboxane A2 from platelet
E. Free plasmin is present in plasma to cause lysis of clot
Key; D

93. Regarding blood groups, blood cell will be attacked by transfused

cell if patient is transfused with:
A. Blood group A to group B patient
B. Blood group AB to group AB patient
C. Blood group O to group A patient
D. Blood group A to group AB patient
E. Blood group B to group AB patient
Key; A

94. Patient with anemia tends to have:

A. A low cardiac output
B. A decreased heart rate
C. Pallor of mucus membrane
D. A low PO2 in arterial blood
E. High erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Key; C
95. Regarding specific defence mechanism the following is true:
A. Haptens are strong antigens and readily developm immunity
B. Maturation of T lymphocyte is determined by thymosin
C. Cellular immunity plays an important defensive role against
autoimmune disease
D. Plasma cells produce immunoglobulin continuously since birth
E. Secondary response is always of short duration and of weak
potency
Key: C

96. A 28-year-old soldier after retiring from siachin Glashier, having 5

months there, respond to CMH Rawalpindi, saying that he is
suffering from headache and peripheral cyanosis of his fingers,
most probably the cause is:
A. Polycythemia vera
B. Methemoglobinemia
C. Secondary polycythemia
D. Physiologic polycythemia
E. Anemia
Key: D

97. A patient with obstructive jaundice presents with bleeding. The

underlying cause is:
A.

98. :
A.

99. :
A.

100. :
A.