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5. Exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. Parallel flow. Other exact solutions.
6. Very slow motion. The differential equations for the case of very slow motion. Parallel flow
past a sphere. The hydrodynamic theory of lubrication. The Hele-Shaw flow.
10. Approximate methods for the solution of the two-dimensional, steady boundary-layer
equations. Application of the momentum equation to the flow past a flat plate at zero
incidence. The approximate method due to Th. Von Kármán and K. Pohlhausen for two-
dimensional flows. Comparison between the approximate and exact solutions. Further
examples. Laminar flow with adverse pressure gradient; separation.
11. Axially symmetrical and three-dimensional boundary layers. Exact solutions for axially
symmetrical boundary layers. Approximate solutions for axially symmetric boundary layers.
Relation between axially symmetrical and two-dimensional boundary layers; Mangler’s
transformation. Three-dimensional boundary layers.
12. Thermal boundary layers in laminar flow. Derivation of the energy equation.
Temperature increase through adiabatic compression; stagnation temperature. Theory of
similarity in heat transfer. Exact solutions for the problem of temperature distribution in a
viscous flow. Boundary-layer simplifications. General properties of thermal boundary layers.
Thermal boundary layers in forced flow. Thermal boundary layers in natural flow.
15. Non-steady boundary layers. General remarks on the calculation of non-steady boundary
layers. Boundary-layer formation after impulsive start of motion. Boundary-layer formation
in accelerated motion. Experimental investigation of the starting process. Periodic boundary-
layer flow. Non-steady, compressible boundary layers.
Part C. Transition
16. Origin of turbulence I. Some experimental results on transition from laminar to turbulent
flow. Principles of the theory of stability of laminar flows. Results of the theory of stability
as they apply to the boundary layer on a flat plate at zero incidence. Comparison of the
theory of stability with experiment. Effect of oscillation free stream on transition.
17. Origin of turbulence II. Effect of pressure gradient on transition in boundary layer along
smooth walls. Determination of the position of the point of instability for prescribed body
shape. Effect of suction on transition in a boundary layer. Effect of body forces on transition.
Effects due to heat transfer and compressibility. Stability of a boundary layer in the presence
of three-dimensional disturbances. The influence of roughness on transition. Axially
symmetrical flows.
20. Turbulent flow through pipes. Experimental results for smooth pipes. Relation between
law of friction and velocity distribution. Universal velocity-distribution laws for very large
Reynolds numbers. Universal resistance law for smooth pipes at very large Reynolds
numbers. Pipes of non-circular cross-section. Rough pipes and equivalent sand roughness.
Other types of roughness. Flow in curved pipes and diffusers. Non-steady flow through a
pipe. Drag reduction by the addition of polymers.
21. Turbulent boundary layers at zero pressure gradient; flat plate; rotating disk;
roughness. The smooth flat plate. The rotating disk. The rough plate. Admissible roughness.
22. The incompressible turbulent boundary layer with pressure gradient. Some
experimental results. The calculation of two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer.
Turbulent boundary layers on aerofoils; maximum lift. Three-dimensional boundary layers.
23. Turbulent boundary layers in compressible flow. General remarks. Relation between
velocity and temperature distribution. Influence of Mach number; laws of friction.
24. Free turbulent flows; jets and wakes. General remarks. Estimation of the increase in width
and of the decrease in velocity. Examples. Diffusion of temperature in free turbulent flow.
25. Determination of profile drag. General remarks. The experimental method due to Betz.
The experimental method due to Jones. Calculation of profile drag. Losses in the flow
through cascades.