International System of Units

International Units SI and their Usage Excerpts from JIS Z 8203

1. Scope of application This standard specifies how to use the International System of Units (SI) and other international unitary systems, as
well as units used in correlation with units from international systems, and other units which may be used.

2. Normative Reference The following standards have been prescribed by SI. They adhere to the latest revisions of International System of
Units.
IEC 27-1:1971 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technologyーPart 1:General
3. SI Units The name The International System of Units and its official abbreviation SI were adopted at the 11th General
Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1960"
This system of measurements consists of the following units, it is a system of consistency.
ー Base Units
ー Derived Units
3.1 Base Units The International System of Units is based on the 7 base units indicated in table 1.

Table 1. Base Units Table 3. Names of units recognized to protect people's health
Base Units Derived Units
Base Quantity Base Quantity Expression in terms of Base Unit,
Unit Symbol Unit Symbol Supplementary Unit or other SI Units
Length Meter Radioactivity Becquerel
Mass Kilogram Pull-in Doses Gray
Time Second Radio Equivalent Sievert
Current Ampere
Thermodynamic Temperature Kelvin
Amount of Substance Mole
Luminous Intensity Candela

Table 2. SI Derived Units with Special Names and Symbols Table 4. Prefixes
Derived Units Multiples Prefixes
Base Quantity Expression in terms of Base Unit, of Unit Name Symbol
Unit Symbol Supplementary Unit or other SI Units
Yotta
Plane Angle Radian
Zetta
Solid Angle Steradian
Exa
Frequency Hertz
Peta
Force Newton
Tera
Pressure, Stress Pascal
Giga
Energy, Work, Heat Joule
Mega
Work Rate, Process Rate,
Power, Electric Power Watt Kilo
Hect
Electric Charge, Quantity of Electricity Coulomb
Deca
Potential, Potential Difference, Voltage,
Electromotive Force Inductance Bolts Deci
Electrostatic Capacity, Capacitance Farad Centi
Electric Resistance Ohm Milli
Conductance Siemens Micro
Magnetic Flux Weber Nano
Magnetic Flux Density, Pico
Magnetic Induction Telsa
Femt
Inductance Henry Atto
Celsius Temperature Celsius Degree or Degree＊ Zepto
Light Flux Lumen Yocto
Illumination Lux
Celsius Degree is used for indicating Celsius temperature which is the substitute unit for Kelvin
（K）
.

178
4. SI unit increases by integer powers of 10
The multiples, names, and symbols of prefixes to express integer multiples of 10 in SI units are shown in Table 4.
SI prefixes are attached directly to SI base units. Through this method, integers in multiples of ten are able to be constructed and a new
symbol is used to represent the unit. The symbols for SI prefixes can be attached directly to other symbols for SI units, but they are not
combined with complex symbols that already employ SI prefixes. For example, a nanometer is represented with the symbol nm, but the
symbol ｍμｍ would be incorrect.

Conversion Tables for SI and Conventional Units

（The units enclosed in bold lines are SI units）

Force Viscosity

or or
Kinematic
Stress Viscosity

or

Pressure

Energy, Thermal
Work, Conductivity
Quantity
of Heat

Coefficient of
Heat Transfer
Energy,
Work,
Quantity
of Heat

Specific Heat
French Horse Power

179
 Unit Symbols and Finding the Volume

Greek Letters
Normal Italics
Name Typical applications
Uppercase Lowercase Uppercase Lowercase
Alpha Angle, coefficient
Beta Angle, coefficient
Gamma Angle, weight of unit volume, (if uppercase) gamma function
Delta Small variation, density, displacement
Epsilon Small positive quantity, strain coefficient
Zeta Variable
Eta Variable
Theta Angle, temperature, time
Iota
Kappa Turning radius
Lambda Wavelength, fixed value
Mu Coefficient of friction, 10-6 (micro)
Nu Frequency
Xi Variable
Omicron
Pi Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter (3.14159…),
angle, (uppercase) symbol for product
Rho Radius, density
Sigma Stress, standard deviation, (uppercase) summation
Tau Time constant, time, torque
Upsilon
Fi Angle, function
Chi
Psi Angle, function
Omega Angular velocity=2πf, (uppercase) unit symbol for ohm
Indicates lowercase unless specified as uppercase.

Volume of Solids and Numeric Values

Dimensions Volume and numeric values Dimensions Volume and numeric values Volume
Surface area
Lateral area
Base area
Distance
from the
base surface
to center
of gravity

（Hexagonal cone）

（Hexagonal cone）

180
Second Moment of Area, Section
Modulus, and Turning Radius of Cross Section

Shape Cross section area Distance from Second moment Section modulus Turning radius
of cross section neutral axis of area
to farthest section

Where g = brim slope

181
 GD2

Formulas for GD2

（The symbol γ in the drawings is the specific weight.）

Shape of object （Weight）GD2

W

182
 Shape of object （Weight）GD2
W

Parallel axis theorem for an object in GD2

relative to the axis O which
passes the center of gravity of the object
Axis O relative to the axis i parallel
to the axis O and η apart from the axis O
Axis i Weight of object
Distance between the axes O and i

Addition theorem for an object in GD2

relative to the axis i of any object j

Axis i
Number of objects
Note) If the axis i does not pass the center of
gravity of the object, GD2 relative to
the axis i for each object should be
calculated and added.

Subtraction theorem for an object in GD2

relative to the axis i where there is

Axis i no space
relative to the axis i of
an virtual object having the same specific
weight where this object fills any space

Basic relationship between GD2 ,

torque and number of revolutions of an axis Number of revolutions of an axis
Initial number of revolutions of an axis
Time
Torque （Acceleration: +, deceleration: -）

Kinetic energy of a revolving object

Number of revolutions of an axis

183
 Tolerance of form, orientation, location and run-out
Geometrical tolerancing Excerpts from JIS B 0021: 1998

Symbol Definition of the tolerance zone Indication and explanation

Parallelism tolerance
1. Parallelism tolerance of a line relative to a datum line
The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted)
limited by two parallel axis shall be contained
planes separated by between two parallel
distance t. planes 0.1 apart which
The planes are parallel to are parallel to the datum
the datum and in the straight line A and in the
Datum B direction specified. direction specified.
Datum A

The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted)

limited by a cylinder of axis shall be a cylindrical
diameter t parallel to the zone of diameter 0.03
datum if the tolerance parallel to the datum
value is preceded by the straight line A.
sign φ.

2. Parallelism tolerance of a line relative to a datum surface

The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted)
limited by two parallel axis shall be contained
planes separated by between two parallel
distance t and parallel to planes 0.01 apart which
the datum plane B. are parallel to the datum
plane B.
Datum B

Perpendicularity tolerance
1. Perpendicularity tolerance of a line relative to a datum line
The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted)
limited by two parallel axis shall be contained
planes separated by between two parallel
distance t and planes 0.06 apart, which
perpendicular to the are perpendicular to the
datum. datum line A (datum axis).

2. Perpendicularity tolerance of a line relative to a datum surface

The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted)
limited by a cylinder of axis of the cylinder shall
diameter t perpendicular be a cylindrical zone of
to the datum if the diameter 0.1
tolerance value is perpendicular to the
preceded by the sign φ. datum plane A.
Datum A

Angularity tolerance
1. Angularity tolerance of a line relative to a datum surface
The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted) axis
limited by two parallel shall be contained between
planes separated by two parallel planes 0.08
distance t and inclined at apart which are
the specified angle to the perpendicular to the datum
datum. planes A and B, orthogonal
to each other, and inclined
Datum A at a theoretically exact 60°
angle to the datum plane A.
2. Angularity tolerance of a surface relative to a datum surface
The tolerance zone is The actual (extracted)
limited by two parallel surface shall be contained
planes separated by between two parallel
distance t and inclined at planes 0.08 apart which
the specified angle to the are inclined at a
datum. theoretically 40° angle to
the datum plane A.
Datum A

186
Symbol Definition of the tolerance zone
Position tolerance
1. Position tolerance of a line
The tolerance zone is
limited by a cylinder of
Datum A diameter t if the tolerance
Datum C value is preceded by the
sign φ. The axis is fixed
by theoretically exact
dimensions with respect to
Datum B the datums C, A and B.
Concentricity and coaxiality tolerance
The tolerance zone is
limited by a circle of
diameter t if the tolerance
value is preceded by the
sign φ. The center of the
circular tolerance zone
Datum point A coincides with the datum
point A.
The tolerance zone is
limited by a cylinder of
diameter t if the tolerance
value is preceded by the
sign φ. The center of the
cylindrical tolerance zone
coincides with the datum
point A.
Symmetry tolerance of a median plane
The tolerance zone is
limited by two parallel
planes separated by
distance t, symmetrically
disposed about the median
plane with respect to the
datum.
Circular run-out tolerance
1. Circular run-out tolerance - radial
Toleranced Cross-section
feature The tolerance zone is
limited within any cross
section perpendicular to
the datum axis by two
concentric circles with a
difference of t in radii, the
centers of which coincide
with the datum axis.
2. Circular run-out tolerance - axial
Tolerance zone The tolerance zone is
limited to any radial
position by two circles
separated by distance t
lying in a cylindrical
section, the axis of which
coincides with the datum.
Total run-out tolerance: Total radical run-out tolerance
The tolerance zone is
limited by two coaxial
cylinders separated by
distance t, the axes of
which coincide with the
datum.
Indication and explanation
The actual (extracted) axis
shall be within a cylindrical
zone of diameter 0.08 the
axis of which coincides
with the theoretically exact
position of the axis of the
hole, with respect to the
datum planes C, A and B.
The actual (extracted)
center of the outer circle
shall be within a circle of
diameter 0.1 concentric
with datum circle A.
Cross-section
The actual (extracted) axis
of the large cylinder shall
be within a cylindrical zone
of diameter 0.08 the axis of
which is the common
datum straight line A-B
(common datum axis).
The actual (extracted)
median surface shall be
contained between two
parallel planes 0.08 apart
which are symmetrically
disposed about the datum
median plane A.
The actual (extracted)
radial run-out shall not be
greater than 0.1 in any
cross section during one
revolution about the
common datum straight
line A-B (common datum
axis).
The actual (extracted) line,
in any cylinder axis which
coincides with the datum
straight line D, shall be
contained between two
circles with a distance of
0.1.
The actual (extracted)
surface shall be contained
between two coaxial
cylinders with a difference
in radii of 0.1 and the axes
coincident with the
common datum axis
straight line A-B.
187
 System of Limits and Fits Excerpts from JIS B 0401:1998

Table of Common Hole Basic Fits

Basic Shaft tolerance classes
hole Clearance fit Transition fit Interference fit

There may be exceptions in these fits depending on dimension classes.

Interrelation of Tolerance Classes for Hole Basis Fits often Used

Basic shaft

Clearance
Interference

Clearance Transition Clearance Transition Interference Clearance Clearance

fit
fit

Fits fit fit

fit fit fit fit fit

Shaft tolerance class

Dimension line

The above figure indicates the case where the basic dimension is 30mm.

188
 Table of Common Shaft Basic Fits
Basic Hole tolerance class
shaft Clearance fit Transition fit Interference fit

There may be exceptions in these fits depending on dimension classes.

Interrelation of Tolerance Classes for Shaft Basis Fits often Used

Basic shaft
Interference fit
Clearance fit

Transition fit

Fits Clearance fit Transition fit Interference fit Clearance Clearance fit Clearance fit
fit

Shaft tolerance
class
Dimension line

The above figure indicates the case where the basic dimension is 30mm.

189
 Deviations of Holes to be Used in Commonly Used Fits

Basic Tolerance Zone Class

Dimensions

≦3

>3 ≦6

>6 ≦10

>10 ≦14

>14 ≦18

>18 ≦24

>24 ≦30

>30 ≦40

>40 ≦50

>50 ≦65

>65 ≦80

>80 ≦100

>100 ≦120

>120 ≦140

>140 ≦160

>160 ≦180

>180 ≦200

>200 ≦225

>225 ≦250

>250 ≦280

>280 ≦315

>315 ≦355

>355 ≦400

>400 ≦450

>450 ≦500

Notes The top numbers in this chart represent the upper dimensional allowance values and the bottom numbers represent the lower dimensional allowance values.

190
Excerpt from JIS B 0401-1998

Basic Tolerance Zone Class

Dimensions

≦3

>3 ≦6

>6 ≦10

>10 ≦14

>14 ≦18

>18 ≦24

>24 ≦30

>30 ≦40

>40 ≦50

>50 ≦65

>65 ≦80

>80 ≦100

>100 ≦120

>120 ≦140

>140 ≦160

>160 ≦180

>180 ≦200

>200 ≦225

>225 ≦250

>250 ≦280

>280 ≦315

>315 ≦355

>355 ≦400

>400 ≦450

>450 ≦500

191
 Deviations of Holes to be Used in Commonly Used Fits

Basic Tolerance Zone Class

Dimensions

≦3

>3 ≦6

>6 ≦10

>10 ≦14

>14 ≦18

>18 ≦24

>24 ≦30

>30 ≦40

>40 ≦50

>50 ≦65

>65 ≦80

>80 ≦100

>100 ≦120

>120 ≦140

>140 ≦160

>160 ≦180

>180 ≦200

>200 ≦225

>225 ≦250

>250 ≦280

>280 ≦315

>315 ≦355

>355 ≦400

>400 ≦450

>450 ≦500

Notes The top numbers in this chart represent the upper dimensional allowance values and the bottom numbers represent the lower dimensional allowance values.

192
Excerpt from JIS B 0401-1998

Basic Tolerance Zone Class

Dimensions

≦3

>3 ≦6

>6 ≦10

>10 ≦14

>14 ≦18

>18 ≦24

>24 ≦30

>30 ≦40

>40 ≦50

>50 ≦65

>65 ≦80

>80 ≦100

>100 ≦120

>120 ≦140

>140 ≦160

>160 ≦180

>180 ≦200

>200 ≦225

>225 ≦250

>250 ≦280

>280 ≦315

>315 ≦355

>355 ≦400

>400 ≦450

>450 ≦500

193
  General Tolerance Excerpts from JIS B 0405: 1991/ JIS B 0419: 1991

Tolerances for Length Not Including Chamfered Section

Tolerance class Basic length divisions
From 0.5 From 30 From 120 From 400 From 1000 From 2000
to 3 From 3 to 6 From 6 to 30 to 120 to 400 to 1000 to 2000 to 4000
Symbol Descriptions
Tolerance
Fine class
Medium class
Coarse class
Extremely
coarse class
For basic lengths less than 0.5mm, the tolerance is specified individually.

Tolerance for Iengths of

Chamfered Section
(Length of Corner Roundness and Corner
Chamfering) Angular Tolerance
Tolerance class Basic length divisions Tolerance class Length
（mm）divisions of short side of target angle
From 0.5 From 3 More From 10 From 50 From 120 More
to 3 to 6 than 6 10 or less to 120
Symbol Descriptions Symbol Descriptions to 50 to 400 than 400
Tolerance Tolerance
Fine class Fine class
Medium class Medium class
Coarse class Coarse class
Extremely Extremely
coarse class coarse class
For basic lengths less than 0.5mm, the tolerance is specified individually.

General Tolerance
General Tolerance of Perpendicularity of Circular Run-out
Nominal length divisions of short side
Tolerance From 100 From 300 From 1000 Tolerance Circular
class 100 or less to 300 to 1000 to 3000 class run-out
tolerance
Perpendicularity tolerance

General Tolerance of Straightness and Flatness

Nominal length divisions
Tolerance 10 or less From 10 From 30 From 100 From 300 From 1000
class to 30 to 100 to 300 to 1000 to 3000
Straightness tolerance and flatness tolerance

194
 Excerpts from
JIS B
ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads 0205 -1:2001

ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Part 1: Basic Profile

Basic minor diameter of internal thread（nominal diameter）

Basic major diameter of external thread（nominal diameter）
Basic pitch diameter of internal thread
Basic pitch diameter of external thread
Basic minor diameter of internal thread
Basic minor diameter of external thread
Fundamental triangle height
Pitch

Axis of
screw thread

Pitch

195
 Excerpt from
JIS B
ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Thread 0205-4:2001

ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Thread - Part 4: Basic Dimensions

Nominal of Pitch Pitch Inside Nominal of Pitch Pitch Inside

Thread Outside Diameter Diameter Thread Outside Diameter Diameter
Diameter Diameter

Reference Outer Diameter d of Male Thread is equal to Minor Diameter D of

Female Thread.
Inside Diameter D1 of Female Thread is equal to Minor Diameter
d1 of Male Thread.

196
Unified Coarse Screw Thread/
Unified Fine Screw Thread Excerpt from JIS B 0206-1973/JIS B 0208-1973

Basic Profiles, Formulas and Dimensions

Female
Thread

Male Thread
n=number of thread peaks in 25.4mm
or
or

or

Unified Coarse Screw Thread

Number of Pitch Height of Female Thread
Nominal of Thread* Thread Engagement Minor Pitch Inside
Peaks in Diameter Diameter Diameter
25.4 mm D D2 D1
Male Thread
Outer Pitch Minor
（Ref） Diameter Diameter Diameter
（Ref） d d2 d1

Priority should be given to Column 1. If required, refer to the items in Column 2 and 3, in that order.

Unified Fine Screw Thread

Priority should be given to Column 1. If required, refer to the items in Column 2 and 3, in that order.

197
 Parallel Pipe Threads Excerpt from JIS B 0202-1999

Basic Profiles, Formulas and Dimensions

Female
Thread

or
or
Male Thread

or

Axis of Thread

Male Thread
Outer Pitch Minor
Diameter Diameter Diameter
Number of d d2 d1
Nominal of Thread Peaks Pitch Thread Height Radius
Thread in 25.4 mm Female Thread
Minor Pitch Inside
Diameter Diameter Diameter
（Ref） D D2 D1

198
 Taper Pipe Threads Excerpt from JIS B 0202-1999

Basic Profile for Taper Pipe Threads and Basic Dimensions

Basic Profile for Taper Male Thread and Taper Female Thread Fit between taper male thread and taper female thread or
parallel female thread

Parallel Female Thread

The thick line shows

the basic profile.

Taper Female Thread

Axis of Thread Position of

Gauge Plane

Basic Profile for Parallel Female Thread

Taper Female Thread

The thick line shows

the basic profile.

Taper Male Thread

Axis of Thread

Thread Gauge Diameter Position of Gauge Plane Length of Useful Thread（Min.）

Dimensions of Parallel Female Thread

Male Thread Female Male

Male Thread Thread Thread Female Thread
At Pipe
Tolerance on D, D2 and D1

From Pipe End When there is an When Size of Carbon

End
Designation of Thread

Incomplete Thread there is no Steel Pipes

Diameter

Diameter

Diameter

From Position of Gauge Plane

Incomplete
Number of threads

for Ordinary
Major

Toward the Larger Diameter

（per 25.4mm）

Major
Pitch
（Reference）

Thread Piping
Thread Height

Taper Parallel Taper Female （Ref.）

Radius
Pitch

Female Female Thread,

Axial Tolerance
Axial Tolerance
or

Gauge Length

Female Thread Thread Thread Parallel Female

Thread
Smaller Diameter
From End of
of Gauge Plane

Thickness
Diameter
From Position

Outside
Coupler
Toward the
Diameter

Pipe or
Diameter
Diameter
Minor

Minor
Pitch

This designation is for taper male threads. For taper female threads and parallel female threads, dimension R shall be substituted by Rc and Rp, respectively.
Taper thread length is from the gauge plane position toward the small diameter side. Parallel thread length is from the end of of the pipe.

199
 Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screw Excerpt from JIS B 1176-2000

Basic Profiles and Dimensions

Shall be chamfered end.
However, as-rolled end is
acceptable for M4 or less.
Circular
Cone Bottom
Min.

Min.
Incomplete
Thread Drill Bottom
（2P or less）
The inside Chamfering may be
worked on hexagonal socket.

Nominal of Thread
Pitch of Screw
Thread
（for reference）
Max.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Max.
Min.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Min.
Nominal
Max.
Min.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Min.
Applied to the length under dotted line.
Without knurling applied to the screw head.
With knurling applied to the screw head.

200
 Nominal of Thread
and

Length

The recommended nominal lengths (L) for the nominal of screws threads shall be within the frame of bold lines. The cap crews shorter than the position of dotted
line in nominal length(L) shall be whole threads and the length of the incomplete thread at the underhead part shall be approx. 3P. The Rg max. and Rs min. for
the cap screw, or which the nominal length(L) is longer than the position of dotted line, shall be in accordance with the following formula.

201
 Hexagon Socket Setscrew Excerpt from JIS B 117７-1997

Basic Profiles and Dimensions

or Approx.45°

Approx.120°
Circular
Cone Bottom Drill Bottom

The inlet of the hexagon socket Incomplete Thread

may be rounded or chamfered. （2P or less）

Nominal of Thread
Pitch
Max.
Min.
Core Diameter of Male Thread
Min.
Nominal
Max.
Min.
Min.

Nominal Min. Max. （Reference）Approx. Mass per 1000 units / unit: kg（Density: 7.85kg/dm3）
Length

Should be chamfered to 120 degrees if below the double line, which forms stars, in the table.
45 degree slanted portion below the trough diameter line of the male scew.
e min = 1.14x s min. Excluding nominal M1.6, M2, M2.5 for screws.
Applied to the nominal lengths（L）falling below the double line.
Applied to the nominal lengths（L）above the double line.

Notes 1. Nominal lengths（L）for individual screw sizes are enclosed by thick lines.
2. Dimensions are based on JIS B 0143.
3. The bottom of the hexagon socket may be conical, drill or roundshape. However, for either shape, the drilled hole may never be greater that 1.2 times dimension t.
Ref. The basic profile and dimensions indicated in the table are based on ISO 4026-1993.

202
 Hexagon Bolt Excerpt from JIS B 1180-2004

Basic Profiles and Dimensions - Parts Grade A

To be chamfered. M4 Enlarged figure of section X
or smaller screw may
be unpointed.
The shaded area
indicates the range of
the max. and min.
throat of a fillet weld.

Incomplete Thread
（2P or less）
dw Min. dimension
should be verified here.

Coarse Screw
Thread
Nominal Course Thread
of Pitch
Thread
Fine Screw
Thread
（Ref.）
Min.
Max.
Max.
Standard Size
=Max
Min.
Min.
Min.
Max.
Standard Size
=Nominal
Min.
Max.
Min.
Min.
Standard Size
=Max
Min.
Bolt Size （L） and
Nominal Min. Max.
Length Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

Notes 1.The nominal of thread prioritizes the values in column Ⅰ. Expression of nominal of thread based on JIS B 0123.
2.Recommended nominal lengths are enclosed between the two lines.
3.The difference between dimension b and thread lengths longer than the specifications contained within the bold lines can be accomplished if customers request.
However, we recommend adherence to JIS B 1021 standards.
4.Rg Max. and Rs Min. is as follows. Rg Max = Nominal Length L-b, Rs Min = Rg Max - 5P（P=Course Thread Pitch）
5.Values in this table for da and r are based on JIS B 1005.
6.Chamfering and as-rolled ends of the screws are performed in accordance to JIS B 1003.

203
 Hexagon Nut / Hexagon Thin Nut Excerpt from JIS B 1181-2004

Hexagon Nut - Hexagon Nut C

Styles 1 and 2 （Parts Grade C）
（Parts Grade A and B）

Notes Inclusion of washers determined by customer Notes

Chamfering of threads optional

Hexagon Nut Hexagon Thin Nut

Without
Style 1 Style 2 Hexagon Nut C Chamfering Chamfering to
Type Both Sides Both Sides
Style classifications indicate hexagon nut height differences.
Style 2 is taller than Style 1. Nominal height is 0.8d or higher. Nominal height is 0.8d or higher.

Chamfering Chamfering Both Sides

Both Sides
Washers Inclusion of washers determined by customer
included
Parts Class
Type Metric Course Screw Thread and Fine Screw Thread
Screw Tolerance
Class
Coarse Screw

based on based on
customer's request customer's request Hardness（Min.）
Thread

based on
based on customer's request based on
Steel

customer's request customer's request

Mechanical Properties（Strength Classification）

Fine Screw
Thread

based on
based on customer's request
customer's request
Coarse Screw
Thread
Stainless Steel

based on
customer's request
Fine Screw
Thread

based on based on
customer's request customer's request
Nonferrous Based on JIS Based on JIS Based on JIS
Metal B 1057 B 1057 B 1057

204
 Hexagon Thin Nut Hexagon Thin Nut
Chamfering Both Sides Without Chamfering to Both Sides
（Parts Grade A and B） （Parts Grade B）

Notes

Hexagon Nut Hexagon Thin Nut Hexagon Nut Hexagon Thin Nut
Styles 1 & 2
Nominal Style 1 Chamfering Without Hexagon Thin Nut Hexagon Nut C Without
Style 2
of （Parts Grade A）（Parts Grade A） Hexagon Nut C Standard Both Sides Chamfering Standard Chamfering （Parts Grade C） Chamfering
Thread （Parts Grade B）（Parts Grade B）（Parts Grade C） Size （Parts Grade A） to Both Sides Size Both Sides to Both Sides
（Parts Grade B）（Parts Grade B） （Parts Grade （Parts Grade B）
A and B）
Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Min. Max. Min. Min. Min.

Nominal threads contained within parentheses are secondary options. They should not be used when possible.

205
 Spring Lock Washers Excerpts from JIS B 1251:2001

Type Symbol Applied screw thread parts

General purpose Class 2 General purpose bolts,
small screws and nuts
Heavy General purpose
loading purpose Class 3 bolts and nuts
Chamfer or fillet

Approx. 2t Outside In this case,   must be 0.064b or less.

diameter side
However, b is the minimum value specified by this table.
Profile A-A

Type Dimensions of general purpose spring lock washer（Class 2） Dimensions of heavy loading purpose spring lock washer（Class 3）
Cross section Cross section
Inside dia. d1 dimensions（Min） Outside dia. Inside dia. d1 dimensions
Nominal Outside dia.
diameter D（Max） d（Max）
Basic Limit Thickness Basic Limit Thickness
dimensions deviations Width b t dimensions deviations Width b
t

Washers Materials Hardness

42∼50 HRC or 412∼513 HV. However, if a
SWCH（A, B）, SWRH62（A, B） , punching-treaded material is used, the hardness
Steel spring lock washers SWRH67（A, B） , SWRH72（A, B）and should be 40∼50 HRC or 392∼513 HV and the
SWRH77（A, B）specified by JIS G 3506 washer should not have considerable
decarbonization.
Stainless steel spring lock washers SUS304, 305 and 316 specified by JIS G 4308. 34HRC or more, or 336HW or more
Phosphor bronze spring lock washers 5191W specified by JIS H 3270. 90 HRC or more, or 192 HW or more

206
 Plain Washers Excerpts from JIS B 1256:1998

Small and Normal Series - Part Grate A and Chamfered Normal Series
- Forms and Dimensions of Part Grade A
Small and Normal Series- Forms of Part Grade A Chamfered Normal Series- Forms of Part Grade A

Deburring Deburring

Inside dia. Parts - Dimensions of Part Grade A Normal and chamfered normal series- Dimensions of Part Grade A
Nominal Outside dia Thickness h Outside dia Thickness h
dia. Basic Basic Basic Basic Basic
dimensions Max dimensions Min dimensions Max Min dimensions Min dimensions Max Min
（Min） （Max） （Max）

1 The nominal diameter here is the same as the nominal thread of the screws assembled with the washer.
2 Chamfered normal series- Specified by nominal diameter 5 of a screw thread to which part grade A applies

Small, Normal and Chamfered Normal Series - Specifications of Part Grade A

Material classes Steel Austenitic stainless steel
Mechanical Hardness classes
properties Hardness HV 140 or more
Tolerance Compliant with part grade A specified by JIS B 1022.
Generally, no surface treatment is carried out. If plating and other surface treatments are required,
Surface condition the customer should specify so.
If electroplating is used, it should be compliant with JIS B 1044.

207
 Plain Washers Excerpts from JIS B 1256:1998

Normal and Extra Large Series - Forms and Dimensions of Part Grade C
Normal and extra large series - Forms of part grade C

Normal series - Dimensions of part grade C

Inside dia Outside dia Thickness
Nominal dia
Basic dimensions（Min） Max Basic dimensions（Max） Min Basic dimensions Max Min

The nominal diameter here is the same as that of a thread to be assembled with the washer.

Extra large series - Dimensions of part grade C

Inside dia Outside dia Thickness
Nominal dia
Basic dimensions（Min） Max Basic dimensions（Max） Min Basic dimensions Max Min

The nominal diameter here is the same as that of a thread to be assembled with the washer.

Normal and extra large series - Specifications of part grade C

Material classes Steel
Mechanical Hardness classes 100HV
properties Hardness HV 100 or more
Tolerance Compliant with part grade C specified by JIS B 1022.
Generally, no surface treatment is carried out. If plating and other surface treatments are required,
Surface condition the customer should specify so.
If electroplating is used, it should be compliant with JIS B 1044.

208
 Plain Washers Excerpts from JIS B 1256:1998

Large Series - Forms and Dimensions of Part Grade A or C

Large series - Forms and dimensions of part grade A or C

Part grade A
Deburring

Inside dia Outside dia Thickness

Nominal Basic dimensions（Min） Max Basic dimensions（Max） Min Basic dimensions Max Min
dia Part grade Part grade Part grade Part grade Part grade Part grade Part grade
or or

The nominal diameter here is the same as that of a thread to be assembled with the washer.

Large series - Specifications of part grade A or C

Material classes Steel Austenitic stainless steel
Hardness Part grade A
Mechanical classes Part grade C A140
properties
Hardness HV Part grade A 140 or more 140 or more
Part grade C 100 or more

Compliant with part grades A and C

specified by JIS B 1022. Compliant with part grade A
Tolerance specified by JIS B 1022.
Nominal diameter is 16 mm or less  : Part grade A
Nominal diameter is more than 16 mm : Part grade C 

Generally, no surface treatment is carried out. If plating and other surface treatments are required,
Surface condition the customer should specify so.
If electroplating is used, it should be compliant with JIS B 1044.

209
 Diameter of Clearance Hole and
Counterbore for Bolt and Screw Excerpt from JIS B 1001-1985

Dimensions

Nominal Clearance Hole

Chamfer e Counterbore D'
of Thread Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Class 4 is primarily suited for cast holes.

Notes In the dimension of Clearance Hole and Counterbore for Bolt and Screw in this table, the dimensions in brackets are not provided
in ISO 273.
Chamfering is performed based on necessity. The angle is, in principle, 90 degrees.
If a counterbore that is larger or smaller than those listed in this table is necessary for a nominal thread, choose a counterbore size
that fits the series established in the table as close as possible.
The face of the counterbore should be a right angle to the center line of the hole, and the depth of the counterbore is generally the
extent coming off the mill scale.

210
Dimensions of Hole for
Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screw

Dimensions of Clearance Hole and Counterbore

Nominal of
Thread

211
212
Nominal Dimension
of Key

Basic

Keyway
Key unit
Dimensions
Tolerance

cross-section
Basic
Dimensions

Tolerance

Key dimensions
b1and b2 basic
Dimensions
b error

h error

Tolerance

Tolerance

Sliding type
Tolerance

Tolerance
Shape and Dimensions of Parallel Key and Keyway

Tolerance

b2
Normal type type

b1and
Tightening
Keyway Dimensions
r1 and r2
Keys and Their Corresponding Keyways

Basic Dimension
of t1

Basic Dimension
of t2

Tolerance of
t1 and t2

Applicable axis
Diameter d
Reference
Excerpts from JIS B 1301: 1996

Shape and Dimension of Taper Key, Gib-headed Taper Key and Keyway
Key Taper Key（T） Gib-headed Taper Key（TG）

Tolerance of b

Tolerance of h

Slope Slope

Keyway
cross-section
Nominal Dimension

Key Dimension Keyway Dimension Reference

and

Tolerance of
Dimension

Dimension
Dimension
of Key

Applicable
Dimensions

Dimensions
Dimensions

Diameter
of and
Tolerance
Tolerance

Basic

Basic
Basic
Tolerance

and

Shaft
Basic

Basic
Basic

of
of

213
 Characteristics of Plastic Screws

Resin Material Abbreviation, Name and Heat Resistant Temperature

Abbreviation Name Heat Resistant Temperature Caution
Polyetheretherketone 180℃（UL Approved Temperature）
Polyphenylene Sulfide 200℃（UL Approved Temperature） Plastic Screws comply with JIS and ISO standards.
Aurum 240℃（UL Approved Temperature） However, due to differences in manufacturing
Tertrafluoroethylene 180℃（UL Approved Temperature） processes, specifications may vary slightly from that of
Hard Polyvinyl Chloride ー10℃∼35℃（Temperature Range） metal screws.
50% Glass Fiber Reinforced Mechanical property values in charts are for reference
105℃（UL Approved Temperature）
Polyamide MXD6 only. Values may vary with performance conditions.
Polycarbonate 115℃（UL Approved Temperature） Use a torque driver or torque wrench to tighten screws.
Polypropylene 65℃（UL Approved Temperature） Chemical resistance values will vary according to usage
conditions. Plastic Screws should be tested under
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ー40℃∼90℃（Temperature Range）
actual performance conditions prior to use.
The values listed above are for reference only; the temperature ranges will
vary according to tightening torque. Colors of small screws, bolts, nuts, and washers may
PEEK  is a registered trademark of Victrex, PLC. vary slightly by production lot.
AURUM is a registered trademark of VitreTM.
RENY is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation.

Plastic Screw Selection Index

Strength See chart for Tensile Breaking Force（N）
Heat Resistance / See chart above
Chemical Resistance / / See chart for Chemical Resistance

Physical Properties

Properties Test Method Unit

Tensile Strength
Tensile Elongation
Flexural Strength
Flexural Modulus
Izot Impact, Notched
Rockwell Hardness R/M Scale
Deflection Temp under load（1.82MPa）
Flame Class
Dielectric Constant（106Hz）
Dielectric Loss Trangent（106Hz）
Volume Resistivity
（X1016）
Dielectric Breakdown Strength
Arc Resistance
Specific Gravity
Water Absorption（24hX20℃）
Glass Fiber Content
The numerical values listed above are for reference only; they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.

Properties
Properties Test Method（JIS） Unit
Tensile Strength Test Rate: 200mm/min
Tensile Elongation Test Rate: 200mm/min
Hardness 10 sec. （2mm thick, 3 pieces）
100% Modulus Test Rate: 200mm/min
Low Temp. Resistance
Specific Gravity A-Method
The numerical values listed above are for reference only; they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.

216
 Chemical Resistance
Chemical Name
10% Hydrochloric Acid
10% Sulfuric Acid
50% Sulfuric Acid
10% Nitric Acid
50% Nitric Acid
10% Hydrofluoric Acid
50% Hydrofluoric Acid
10% Phosphoric Acid
Formic Acid
10% Acetic Acid
Citric Acid
Chromic Acid
Boric Acid
Methyl Alcohol
Glycol
Ammonia
10% Sodium Hydroxide
10% Potassium Hydroxide
Calcium Hydroxide
Water
Hydrogen Sulfide（Gas）
Sulfur Dioxide
Ammonium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Sulfate
Zinc Sulfate
Hydrogen Peroxide
Usable
Usable under certain conditions
Unusable
Data from sample tested at room temperature （23℃） . Chemical resistance values will vary according to usage conditions.
Plastic screws should be tested under actual performance conditions prior to use.

Plastic Screw Tensile Breaking Force（N） Plastic Screw Tensional Breaking Torque（N/m）

The numerical values listed above are for reference only; The numerical values listed above are for reference only;
they are not guaranteed under performance conditions. they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.
The recommended torque is 50% of the numerical values listed above.

217
 Characteristics of Special Material Screws

Physical Properties
Properties Titanium Hastelloy Inconel Nickel Molybdenum Phosphor Bronze Aluminum
Specific Gravity
Longitudinal Elastic
Modulus
Transverse Elastic
Modulus
Electric Resistance
Room Temperature Room Temperature Room Temperature
Specific Heat
Room Temperature Room Temperature Room Temperature
Thermal Conductivity
Room Temperature Room Temperature
Linear Expansion
Coefficient
The numerical values listed above are for reference only; they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.

Mechanical Properties
Properties Titanium Hastelloy Inconel Nickel Molybdenum Phosphor Bronze Aluminum
Tensile Strength
0.2% Proof Stress
Elongation Greater than 8
Hardness
The numerical values listed above are for reference only; they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.

Tensional Breaking Force of Special Material Screws

Titanium Hastelloy Inconel Nickel Molybdenum Phosphor Bronze Aluminum

The numerical values listed above are for reference only; they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.
Values are for    Titanium Socket Head Screws.

Tensional Breaking Torque of Magnetic Flux Density of Titanium Screws and Phosphor Bronze Screws
Special Material Screws（N・m）
Phosphor SUSXM7
Titanium Ceramic Titanium Bronze （SUS304 Equivalent）
Magnetic Flux Density
Measuring Device: FW Bell 5080 Gauss/Tesla Meter
Measuring Conditions: DC Magnetic Measuring Field
5mm distance between the probe and the sample

NBK delivers Titanium Screws and Phospor Bronze Screws,

which are completely Nonmagnetic.
(0 Magnetic Flux Density)
The numerical values listed above are for reference only;
they are not guaranteed under performance conditions.
Values are for    Titanium Socket Head Screws.

Stop
following
me!

218
 Chemical Resistance of Titanium Screws Chemical Resistance of Hastelloy/Inconel/Nickel Screws
Chemical Name Composition Titanium Chemical Name Temperature Hastelloy Inconel Nickel
Room Temperature
Hydrochloric Acid Diluted Sulfuric Acid
Boiling Point
Concentrated Room Temperature
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric Acid Boiling Point
Diluted Room Temperature
Nitric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid Boiling Point
Nitrohydrochloric Acid Concentrated Room Temperature
（HCI:HNO3） Hydrochloric Acid Boiling Point
Chromic Acid Room Temperature
Diluted Nitric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid Boiling Point
Phosphoric Acid 50
（ventilated） Concentrated Room Temperature
Ferric Chloride Nitric Acid Boiling Point
Cupric Chloride Diluted Room Temperature
Sodium Chloride Phosphoric Acid Boiling Point
Calcium Chloride Concentrated Room Temperature
Ammonium Chloride Phosphoric Acid Boiling Point
Magnesium Chloride Diluted Room Temperature
Ferrous Sulfate Sodium Hydroxide Boiling Point
Ammonia Concentrated Room Temperature
Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide Boiling Point
Sodium Carbonate Excellent
Good
Dry Gas
Hydrogen Sulfide Satisfactory
Wet Gas Unusable under certain conditions
Dry Gas Unusable
Chlorine
Wet Gas
Sulfur Dioxide Dry/Wet Gas
Seawater High Speed Stream Caution
Formic Acid
Lactic Acid The above is test data on test samples. Chemical resistance values will
Oxalic Acid vary according to usage conditions. Screws should be tested under
Citric Acid actual performance conditions prior to use.
Testing Temperature: Room Temperature
Hydrochloric acid . . .
Sulfuric acid . . .

Chemical Resistance of Ceramic Screws

Chemical Name Temperature Time Ceramic
35% Hydrochloric Acid Boiling 30 Minutes
70% Sulfuric Acid Boiling 30 Minutes
98% Nitric Acid Boiling 30 Minutes
90% Phosphoric Acid Boiling 30 Minutes
60% Hydrofluoric Acid 24 Hours
10% Potassium Hydroxide 7 Days
Potassium Hydroxide （Boiling） 24 Hours
Sodium Hydroxide （Boiling） 24 Hours
Sodium Carbonate （Boiling） 24 Hours
Sodium Sulfate （Boiling） 24 Hours
Potassium Fluoride （Boiling） 4 Hours
No Corrosion Moderate Corrosion
Slight Corrosion Heavy Corrosion

219