Single-mode fiber gives you a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times

more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Single-mode fiber has
a much smaller core than multimode. The small core and single light-wave
virtually eliminate any distortion that could result from overlapping light
pulses, providing the least signal attenuation and the highest transmission
speeds of any fiber cable type.  
Carries higher bandwidth than multimode fiber, but requires a light source
with a narrow spectral width. Synonyms mono-mode optical fiber, single-
mode fiber, single-mode optical waveguide, uni-mode fiber.

Multi-Mode cable has a little bit bigger diameter, with a common diameters in
the 50-to-100 micron range for the light carry component (in the US the most
common size is 62.5um). Most applications in which Multi-mode fiber is used,
2 fibers are used (WDM is not normally used on multi-mode fiber).  POF is a
newer plastic-based cable which promises performance similar to glass cable
on very short runs, but at a lower cost.
Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds (10 to 100MBS -
Gigabit to 275m to 2km) over medium distances.
Typical multimode fiber core diameters are 50, 62.5, and 100 micrometers.
However, in long cable runs (greater than 3000 feet [914.4 meters), multiple
paths of light can cause signal distortion at the receiving end, resulting in an
unclear and incomplete data transmission so designers now call for single
mode fiber in new applications using Gigabit and beyond.  

LINE MONITORING
Is it possible to put a line monitoring on the marshaling cabinet?
As my current knowledge, using end of line resistor for line monitoring, it should be at the
end of the line that you want to monitor.
Now, I heard from someone that it is possible to put before the line you want to monitor?
What

and how is that should be?

If you are going to monitor the wiring all the way out to the field contacts, the resistor must be
placed at the field contacts. If you put it in the marshaling cabinet you are only monitoring the
wiring between the control I/O and the marshaling cabinet.
What is the purpose of a end of line resistor or a doide
in a conventional fire alarm system?
It's all about supervising the circuits. (i.e. monitoring the integrity of each of the circuits.)

Older systems used to have a redundancy built into the wiring, 2 wires would go in and
out of all of the devices and then return to the panel, this used to be called class "A" wiring
(NFPA now refers to this as Style D or Style Z wiring).

Most current alarm systems use a resistor after or at the last device on a 2-wire circuit.
(Class "B" wiring, or Style B and Style Y wiring under the newer NFPA 72.) The control
panel or control device on an addressable system is constantly looking for that resistance
as a "normal" condition. Conventional Smoke detectors, for example, will lower this
resistance when activated to a point below the alarm threshold and place the panel in
alarm. Pull stations and most heat detectors will short the circuit (in the U.S.) also creating
an alarm (a short is basically zero resistance, although the wire itself offers a small
amount).

If a wire connection is loose or is cut, the panel or device stops "seeing" the resistor and
enters a fault or trouble condition. Normally, this is then looked into by a maintenance
man or authorized service company.

I am continually amazed by the number of schools, hospitals, hotels, and often city and
county owned properties that I enter and see the panel in a fault condition! Scary.

Diodes -

Diodes control the flow of current. Kind of like a "check valve" but for electricity.

Anyway, I don't see them as commonly as resistors on fire alarm systems. Where I have
used them, it's to assist with maintaining supervision as described under resistors, but on
a polarity-reversing circuit. An example would be if I had to maintain supervision of a
circuit that controls a solenoid type device (like a sprinkler solenoid on a pre-action
system). Since the solenoid's coil would act like a "short" I might install a diode/resistor
combination just before the solenoid to maintain supervision when the circuit is not in
alarm.

For more information on the styles of circuits used in the U.S., check out NFPA 72 (the National
Fire Alarm Code.)

What is interposing relay?

It is a relay that has two states. in one state a set of contacts will make or break. In
the other state the other set of contacts will make or break. One coil operating two
sets of common, normally open, normally closed. each set of contacts will change
states when the coil is momentarily energized.
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_interposing_relay#ixzz1IeTksZ9A
a device that enables the energy in a high-power circuit to be switched by a low-power control signal.
[1994 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors]

Interposing relay panel is an Instrument / Electrical cabinet used for hardwired signal
(digital inputs and outputs) interfaces between Instrumentation and Control
Equipments system and associated circuit breakers,or other electrical devices for
monitoring, controlling

These relays play an important role by amplifying the current capacity of the contact signal
of the I/O module allowing larger current flow. In addition, discrete input circuits normally
can handle only dry contacts or wet contacts of low voltage, which also require interposing
relays.

Relays used as interposing relays are generally necessary because the circuit(s) being
switched have voltages and/or currents which can't be accommodated by the "driving relay".

For example, let's say the relay of a PLC can only accommodate 0.5A at 220 VAC, but the
solenoid which is to be connected to the relay requires 1.2A at 220 VAC. In this case, an
interposing relay with contacts rated for operation at 1.2A at 220 VAC would be used as an
interposing relay "between" the PLC relay and the solenoid. The coil of the interposing
relay should require less voltage and current than the driving relay is rated for, and the
contacts of the interposing relay must be rated to handle the requirements of the load
(solenoid, light, contactor, motor, etc.).

Interface Applications
When measuring the interface between a heavy liquid and a light liquid (such
as oil on water), the top connection of the displacer is placed into the light and
the bottom connection into the heavy liquid layer. If the output of such a
transmitter is set to zero when the chamber is full of the light liquid, and to
100% when it is full with the heavy phase, the output will correspond to the
interface level. Naturally, when interface is being measured, it is essential that
the two connections of the displacer chamber be located in the two different
liquid layers and that the chamber always be flooded. Displacer diameter can
be changed to match the difference in liquid densities, and displacer length
can be set to match the vertical range of the level interface variation.

Regular floats can also be used for interface detection if the difference in SG
between the two process liquids is more than 0.05. In such applications, a
float density is needed that is greater than the lighter liquid and less than the
heavier liquid. When so selected, the float will follow the interface level and, in
clean services, provide acceptable performance.