Entrepreneurship

What is an Entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which is a French word

meaning "one who undertakes an endeavor". Entrepreneurs assemble resources
including innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform
innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part
of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most
obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses; however, in recent
years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of
entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship is describing activities within a firm or
large organization it is referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate
venturing, when large entities spin-off organizations.

In simple words Entrepreneurship is synonymous with 'bearing risk', 'innovation', or

even founding a company.

What is an Entrepreneur?

An entrepreneur is a person who has possession of a new enterprise, venture or idea

and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome. The term
is originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish economist Richard
Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to the type of personality who is
willing to take upon herself or himself a new venture or enterprise and accepts full
responsibility for the outcome. Jean-Baptiste Say, a French economist is believed to
have coined the word "entrepreneur" first in about 1800. He said an entrepreneur is
"one who undertakes an enterprise, especially a contractor, acting as intermediatory
between capital and labour."

In simple words we can define an entrepreneur as “An entrepreneur is an individual who

accepts financial risks and undertakes new financial ventures. The word derives from the
French "entre" (to enter) and "prendre" (to take), and in a general sense applies to any
person starting a new project or trying a new opportunity.”

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Characteristics of a Successful Entrepreneur

The essential characteristics of entrepreneurs, which are necessary for entrepreneurial

success are as follows:-

 Self-Control
Entrepreneurs do not function well in structured organizations and do not like
someone having authority over them. Most believe they can do the job better
than anyone else and will strive for maximum responsibility and accountability.
They enjoy creating business strategies and thrive on the process of achieving
their goals. Once they achieve a goal, they quickly replace it with a greater goal.
They strive to exert whatever influence they can over future events.

 Self-Confidence
Entrepreneurs are self-confident when they are in control of what they're doing
and working alone. They tackle problems immediately with confidence and are
persistent in their pursuit of their objectives. Most are at their best in the face of
adversity, since they thrive on their own self-confidence.

 Sense of Urgency
Entrepreneurs have a never-ending sense of urgency to develop their ideas.
Inactivity makes them impatient, tense, and uneasy. They thrive on activity and
are not likely to be found sitting on a bank fishing unless the fish are biting. When
they are in the entrepreneurial mode, they are more likely to be found getting
things done instead of fishing.

 Comprehensive Awareness
Successful entrepreneurs can comprehend complex situations that may include
planning, making strategic decisions, and working on multiple business ideas
simultaneously. They are farsighted and aware of important details, and they will
continuously review all possibilities to achieve their business objectives. At the
same time, they devote their energy to completing the tasks immediately before
them.

 Realism
Entrepreneurs accept things as they are and deal with them accordingly. They
may or may not be idealistic, but they are seldom unrealistic. They will change
their direction when they see that change will improve their prospects for
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 achieving their goals. They want to know the status of a given situation at all
times. News interests them if it is timely, and factual, and provides them with
information they need. They will verify any information they receive before they
use it in making a decision. Entrepreneurs say what they mean and assume that
everyone else does too. They tend to be too trusting and may not be sufficiently
suspicious in their business dealings with other people.

 Conceptual Ability
Entrepreneurs possess the ability to identify relationships quickly in the midst of
complex situations. They identify problems and begin working on their solution
faster than other people. They are not troubled by ambiguity and uncertainty
because they are used to solving problems. Entrepreneurs are natural leaders
and are usually the first to identify a problem to be overcome. If it is pointed out
to them that their solution to a problem will not work for some valid reason, they
will quickly identify an alternative problem-solving approach.

 Status Requirements
Entrepreneurs find satisfaction in symbols of success that are external to
themselves. They like the business they have built to be praised, but they are
often embarrassed by praise directed at them personally. Their egos do not
prevent them from seeking facts, data, and guidance. When they need help, they
will not hesitate to admit it especially in areas that are outside of their expertise.
During tough business periods, entrepreneurs will concentrate their resources
and energies on essential business operations. They want to be where the action
is and will not stay in the office for extended periods of time.

 Interpersonal Relationships
Entrepreneurs are more concerned with people's accomplishments than with
their feelings. They generally avoid becoming personally involved and will not
hesitate to sever relationships that could hinder the progress of their business.
During the business-building period, when resources are scarce, they seldom
devote time to dealing with satisfying people's feelings beyond what is essential
to achieving their goals.

 Emotional Stability
Entrepreneurs have a considerable amount of self-control and can handle
business pressures. They are comfortable in stress situations and are challenged
rather than discouraged by setbacks or failures. Entrepreneurs are
uncomfortable when things are going well. They'll frequently find some new
activity on which to vent their pent-up energy. They are not content to leave well
enough alone. Entrepreneurs tend to handle people problems with action plans
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 without empathy. Their moderate interpersonal skills are often inadequate to
provide for stable relationships. However, the divorce rate among entrepreneurs
is about average.

Common Traits in a Successful Entrepreneur:

 Good health- Successful entrepreneurs must work long hours for extended
periods of time. When they get sick, they recover quickly.

 A Need to Control and Direct- They prefer environments where they have
maximum authority and responsibility and do not work well in traditionally
structured organizations. This is not about power, though. Entrepreneurs have a
need to create and achieve by having control over events.

 Self-confidence- Findings showed that as long as entrepreneurs were in

control, they were relentless in pursuit of their goals. If they lost control, they
quickly lost interest in the undertaking.

 Sense of Urgency- They have a never-ending sense of urgency to do

something. This corresponds with a high energy level. Many enjoy individual
sports rather than team sports. Inactivity makes them impatient.

 Comprehensive Awareness- They have a comprehensive awareness of a total

situation and are aware of all the ramifications involved in a decision.

 Realistic Outlook- There is a constant need to know the status of things. They
may or may not be idealistic, but they are honest and straightforward and expect
others to be the same.

 Conceptual Ability- They have superior conceptual abilities. This helps

entrepreneurs identify relationships in complex situations. Chaos does not bother
them because they can conceptualize order. Problems are quickly identified and
solutions offered. The drawback is that this may not translate well to
interpersonal problems.

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  Low Need for Status- Their need for status is met through achievement not
through material possessions.

 Objective Approach- They take an objective approach to personal

relationships and are more concerned with the performance and accomplishment
of others than with feelings. They keep their distance psychologically and
concentrate on the effectiveness of operations.

 Emotional Stability- They have the stability to handle stress from business
and from personal areas in their lives. Setbacks are seen as challenges and do
not discourage them.

 Attraction to Challenges- They are attracted to challenges but not to risks. It

may look like they are taking high risks, but in actuality they have assessed the
risks thoroughly.

 Describing with Numbers- They can describe situations with numbers. They
understand their financial position and can tell at any time how much they have in
receivables and how much they owe.

History of Entrepreneurship
The history of entrepreneurship began relatively in the 1950s when people began
forming new ideas for jobs or businesses as individuals. Once this step of forming an
idea had been accomplished they would go about turning their idea into reality. This
began to flourish in the economy and create competition or already well established
companies. As time went on, especially with the creation of the Internet,
entrepreneurship has become one of the biggest ways of creating success for yourself.
While looking through various types of franchise writing, some franchisees choose to go
with WSI because they like the idea of working for the "white collar franchise.”

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Entrepreneurship in India
The history of entrepreneurship is important worldwide, even in India. If you go further
back in history, entrepreneurship wasn’t highly valued in India. They have different
values than the Americans do. Once a period of modernization to a point overcame
India they began adopting some forms of American work values and began to accept
entrepreneurs. They do not believe in making profit for the individual therefore
entrepreneurship still holds different values in India thus creating its history.

The early history of entrepreneurship in India is reflected from the culture, customs and
traditions of Indian people. The ‘Balijatra’ festival being held at cuttack every year is the
reminiscence of past glorious international trade of Orissa people. Many invaders came
to India because India provided the most luxurious items to the then existing world.

It is the Britishers who, for their ulterior motives, forcefully destabilized the then self-
sufficient Indian economy. England flourished and India had to pay for that. In the
process India missed the industrial revolution bus.

However, India famous for its brilliant people never lack innovators. The history of
Indian business houses of Tata, Kirloskar, Walchand Hirachand, Ambani, Birla and
many others is the history of modern entrepreneurship in India.

Famous Entrepreneurs

Ratan Tata

Born: December 28, 1937

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Achievement: Honored with Padma Bhushan, one of the highest civilian awards in
2000. He was also conferred an honorary doctorate in business administration by Ohio
State University, an honorary doctorate in technology by the Asian Institute of
Technology, Bangkok, and an honorary doctorate in science by the University of
Warwick.

Ratan Naval Tata is the present Chairman of the Tata Group, India's largest
conglomerate founded by Jamsedji Tata and consolidated and expanded by later
generations of his family. He is also the chairman of major Tata companies such as
Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Tea, Tata
Chemicals, The Indian Hotels Company and Tata Teleservices.

Dhirubhai Ambani

Born: December 28, 1932

Died: July 6, 2002

Achievements: Dhiru Bhai Ambani built India's largest private sector company. Created
an equity cult in the Indian capital market. Reliance is the first Indian company to feature
in Forbes 500 list.

Dhirubhai Ambani alias Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani was born on December

28, 1932, at Chorwad, Gujarat, into a Modh family. His father was a school teacher.
Dhirubhai Ambani started his entrepreneurial career by selling "bhajias" to pilgrims in
Mount Girnar over the weekends.

Dhirubhai Ambani was the most enterprising Indian entrepreneur. His life
journey is reminiscent of the rags to riches story. He is remembered as the one who
rewrote Indian corporate history and built a truly global corporate group.

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 Dhirubhai Ambani was named the Indian Entrepreneur of the 20th Century by
the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). A poll
conducted by The Times of India in 2000 voted him "greatest creator of wealth in the
century".

Lakshmi Mittal

Born: June 15, 1950

Achievement: World's largest steel maker and the third richest man in the world.

Lakshmi Niwas Mittal was born on June 15, 1950 at Sadulpur, in Churu district of
Rajasthan, in a poor family. The extended family of 20 lived on bare concrete floors,
slept on rope beds and cooked on an open fire in the brickyard in a house built by his
grandfather. Laxmi Mittal belongs to Marwari Aggarwal caste and his grandfather
worked for the Tarachand Ghanshyam Das firm, one of the leading Marwari industrial
firms of pre-independence India.

Lakshmi Mittal is also known for his opulence. In 2003, he acquired the Kensington
mansion, said to be the world's most expensive home, from Formula One racing's
Bernie Ecclestone for £70 million ($128 million). His daughter Vanisha's $50 million
wedding bash is touted as the most expensive wedding of the 20th century.

In March 2006, Lakshmi Mittal was listed as

the third wealthiest person in the world after
Bill Gates and Warren Buffet by Forbes
Magazine.

G.D. Birla

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Born: April 10, 1894.

Died: Jan 11, 1983

Achievement: Laid the foundations of the Birla Empire; founder of the Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

Ghanshyam Das Birla is considered as a doyen of Indian Industry. He was the man who
laid the foundations of the Birla Empire. G.D. Birla was a multi-faceted personality. He
was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and advised Gandhiji on economic policies.
He was the most important pre-Independence contributor to the Indian National
Congress. Ghanshyam Das Birla was the founder of the Federation of Indian Chambers
of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). He is also popularly known as the builder of Birla
Mandirs.

Barack Obama

Birth Name

Barack Hussein Obama Jr.

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Date of Birth

4 August 1961, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Barack Obama was born to a white American mother, Ann Dunham, and a black
Kenyan father, Barack Obama, Sr., who were both young college students at the
University of Hawaii. When his father left for Harvard, she and Barack stayed behind,
and his father ultimately returned alone to Kenya, where he worked as a government
economist. Barack's mother remarried an Indonesian oil manager and moved to Jakarta
when Barack was six. He later recounted Indonesia as simultaneously lush and a
harrowing exposure to tropical poverty. He returned to Hawaii, where he was brought up
largely by his grandparents. The family lived in a small apartment - his grandfather was
a furniture salesman and an unsuccessful insurance agent and his grandmother worked
in a bank - but Barack managed to get into Punahou School, Hawaii's top prep
academy. His father wrote to him regularly but, though he traveled around the world on
official business for Kenya, he visited only once, when Barack was ten.

In 2004 Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat, representing

Illinois, and he gained national attention by giving a rousing and well-received keynote
speech at the Democratic National Convention in Boston. In 2008 he ran for President,
and despite having only four years of national political experience, he won. In January
2009, he was sworn in as the 44th President of the United States, and the first African-
American ever elected to that position.

Aamir Khan

Date of Birth: 14th March, 1965, Mumbai, India

Film Awards: Filmfare Best Actor Awards for "Raja

Hindustani" and "Lagaan".
Filmfare Critics Award for "Rang De Basanti"
Best Director for "Taare Zameen Par"

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Amir Hussain Khan (Aamir Khan) is a highly acclaimed film actor, producer and director.
He began his career in Bollywood as child actor in the movie "Yaadon Ki Baaraat".
Eleven years later he appeared as supporting actor in the film "Holi". Amir Khan
debuted as leading actor with "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" and won the Filmfare Best
Male Debutant Award for his performance in the film. After that he appeared in a
number of movies but most of them were unsuccessful at box office. However, he got
success with the film "Dil". Thereafter "Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander" and 'Rangeela"
followed and both the films did well at the box office.

Women entrepreneurs
Women Entrepreneurs may be defined as the women or a group of women who initiate,
organize and operate a business enterprise. Government of India has defined women
entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum
financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated
in the enterprise to women. Like a male entrepreneurs a women entrepreneur has many
functions. They should explore the prospects of starting new enterprise; undertake risks,
introduction of new innovations, coordination administration and control of business and
providing effective leadership in all aspects of business.

Push-Pull factors and Women in business

Women in business are a recent phenomenon in India. By and large they had confide
themselves to petty business and tiny cottage industries. Women entrepreneurs
engaged in business due to push and pull factors. Which encourage women to have an
independent occupation and stands on their on legs. A sense towards independent
decision-making on their life and career is the motivational factor behind this urge.
Saddled with household chores and domestic responsibilities women want to get
independence Under the influence of these factors the women entrepreneurs choose a
profession as a challenge and as an urge to do some thing new. Such situation is
described as pull factors. While in push factors women engaged in business activities
due to family compulsion and the responsibility is thrust upon them.

Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in India

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Women in India are faced many problems to get ahead their life in business. A few
problems cane be detailed as;

1. The greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs is that they are women. A kind of
patriarchal – male dominant social order is the building block to them in their way
towards business success. Male members think it a big risk financing the ventures run
by women.

2. The financial institutions are skeptical about the entrepreneurial abilities of women.
The bankers consider women loonies as higher risk than men loonies. The bankers put
unrealistic and unreasonable securities to get loan to women entrepreneurs. According
to a report by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),
"despite evidence that women's loan repayment rates are higher than men's, women
still face more difficulties in obtaining credit," often due to discriminatory attitudes of
banks and informal lending groups (UNIDO, 1995b).

3. Indian women give more emphasis to family ties and relationships. Married women
have to make a fine balance between business and home. More over the business
success is depends on the support the family members extended to women in the
business process and management. The interest of the family members is a
determinant factor in the realization of women folk business aspirations.

4. Knowledge of alternative source of raw materials availability and high negotiation

skills are the basic requirement to run a business. Getting the raw materials from
different souse with discount prices is the factor that determines the profit margin. Lack
of knowledge of availability of the raw materials and low-level negotiation and
bargaining skills are the factors, which affect women entrepreneur's business
adventures.

5. Achievement motivation of the women folk found less compared to male members.
The low level of education and confidence leads to low level achievement and
advancement motivation among women folk to engage in business operations and
running a business concern.

6. Finally high production cost of some business operations adversely affects the
development of women entrepreneurs. The installation of new machineries during
expansion of the productive capacity and like similar factors dissuades the women
entrepreneurs from venturing into new areas.

How to Develop Women Entrepreneurs?

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Right efforts on from all areas are required in the development of women entrepreneurs
and their greater participation in the entrepreneurial activities. Following efforts can be
taken into account for effective development of women entrepreneurs.

1. Consider women as specific target group for all developmental programmes.

2. Better educational facilities and schemes should be extended to women folk from
government part.

3. Adequate training programme on management skills to be provided to women

community.

4. Encourage women's participation in decision-making.

5. Vocational training to be extended to women community that enables them to

understand the production process and production management.

6. Skill development to be done in women's polytechnics and industrial training

institutes. Skills are put to work in training-cum-production workshops.

7. Training on professional competence and leadership skill to be extended to women

entrepreneurs.

8. Training and counselling on a large scale of existing women entrepreneurs to remove

psychological causes like lack of self-confidence and fear of success.

9. Counselling through the aid of committed NGOs, psychologists, managerial experts

and technical personnel should be provided to existing and emerging women
entrepreneurs.

10. Continuous monitoring and improvement of training programmes.

Famous Women Entrepreneurs

Famous female entrepreneurs may not be celebrated in history books, but their
contributions to the world have greatly impacted our society. The legendary women
entrepreneurs on the top list have constantly pushed the standards of their fields to
leave the world a better place. These women are all different, yet they share similar
stories of triumph in the face of hardship. Some were selected because their invention
changed the way we live, while others were chosen for carving out a better path for
women. Today’s women-owned firms are among the fastest-growing firms in the nation.

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Kiran Mazumdar Shaw

Born: March 23, 1953

Achievement: Chairman & Managing Director of Biocon Ltd; Felicitated with Padmashri
(1989) and Padma Bhushan (2005). She became India’s richest woman.

Kiran Mazumdar Shaw was born on March 23, 1953 in Bangalore. She had her
schooling at Bishop Cotton Girls School and Mount Carmel College at Bangalore. After
doing completing her B.Sc. in Zoology from Bangalore University in 1973, she went to
Ballarat University in Melbourne, Australia and qualified as a master brewer.

Kiran Mazumdar Shaw is the recipient of several prestigious awards.

These include ET Businesswoman of the Year, Best Woman Entrepreneur, Model
Employer, Ernst & Young's Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Life Sciences &
Healthcare, Leading Exporter, Outstanding Citizen, Technology Pioneer, etc.
Government of India also felicitated her with Padmashri (1989) and Padma Bhushan
(2005).

Chanda Kocchar

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Born: November 17, 1961

Achievement: She is currently the Managing Director (MD) of ICICI Bank and Chief
Executive Officer (CEO). ICICI Bank is India's largest private bank and overall second
largest bank in the country.[1][2] She also heads the Corporate Centre of ICICI Bank.
Kocchar has also consistently figured in Fortune's list of "Most Powerful Women in
Business" since 2005. In 2009, she debuted at number 20 in the Forbes "World's 100
Most Powerful Women list".

Chanda Kocchar was born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan and raised in Jaipur, Rajasthan. She
then moved to Mumbai, where she joined Jai Hind College for a Bachelor of Arts
degree. Kochhar graduated from the College in 1982 and then pursued MBA and Cost
Accountancy (ICWAI). Later, she acquired the Masters Degree in Management Studies
from the prestigious Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai. Kocchar
received the Wockhardt Gold Medal for Excellence in
Management Studies as well as the J. N. Bose Gold
Medal in Cost Accountancy for highest marks in the
same year. Kocchar currently resides in Mumbai, and is
married. She has two children, a son and a daughter

Ravina Raj Kohli

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Ravina Raj Kohli, earlier President of the STAR News, and currently (2006) the Chief
Executive officer of Channel Nine, is one of the prominent media personality of India.

She was appointed as the President of Star news Channel, after its break from NDTV.
Thereafter, Australian media tycoon, Kerry Packer chose her to head Channel Nine in
India.

Akhila Srinivasan

Akhila Srinivasan is currently the Managing Director of

Shriram Investments Limited (a part of Rs. 5000 crore Shri
Ram Group), is a prominent business woman of India. She is also associated with
several social welfare activities and initiatives. She is the recipient of several awards,
including Outstanding Women Professional Award (200-01) instituted by the FICCI.

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She is also honorary Dutch Consul in India, and is based in Chennai, South India. In
addition, she holds the position of State President of the Art of Living Foundation for the
state of Tamil Nadu, India.

Lalita D Gupte

Lalita D. Gupte
Joint Managing Director
ICICI Bank Ltd.

Lalita D. Gupte, Joint Managing Director of ICICI Bank (India’s

second largest commercial bank), until October 31, 2006, is an important figure in
India’s banking and financial services sector. An INSEAD alumnus, Gupte was listed by
the Fortune “as one of the fifty most powerful women in international business.” She is
currently the Chairperson on the Board of ICICI Venture and a board member of Nokia
Corporation.

Mrs.Gupte has received numerous awards during her career, including

The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence on "The Women Behind ICICI"
for "Business Woman of the Year 2004-2005". This award was "for running one of the
most respected financial services powerhouses in the country for creating an
organization which has nurtured a generation of women achievers and for inspiring
young professional women everywhere". Her other awards are "The Woman of the Year
Award" for 2002 presented by the International Women's Association for her
achievements in the corporate world,

Theories of Entrepreneurship

• Sociological theories
• Economic theories
• Cultural theories
• Psychological theories

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Sociological Theory

 Entrepreneurship is likely to get a boost in a particular

social culture

 Society’s values, religious beliefs, customs, taboos influence

The behaviour of individuals in a society.

 The entrepreneur is a role performer according to the role exp-

ectations by the society.

Economic theories

 Entrepreneurship and economic growth take place when the

Economic conditions are favourable.

 Economic incentives are the main motivators for entrepreneurial

activities.

 Economic incentives include taxation policy, industrial policy, sources

Of finance and raw material, infrastructure availability, investment and

marketing opportunities, access to information about market conditions,

technology etc.

Cultural theory
Advocates of cultural theories point out that entrepreneurship is the product of culture.
Entrepreneurial talents come from cultural values and cultural system embedded in to
the cultural environment.

Hoselitz’s Theory

Hoselitz explains that the supply of Entrepreneurship is governed by cultural factors,

and culturally minority groups are the spark-plugs of entrepreneurial and economic
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development in many countries, entrepreneurs have emerged from a particular socio-
economic class. He emphasized the role of culturally marginally groups like Jews and
the Greeks in medieval Europe, the Chinese in south Africa and Indian in east Africa in
promoting economic development.

Psychological theories

 Entrepreneurship gets a boost when society has sufficient supply of

individuals with necessary psychological characteristics.

 The psychological characteristics include need for high achievement, a

vision or foresight, ability to face opposition.

 These characteristics are formed during the individual’s upbringing which

Stress on standards of excellence, self reliance and low father dominance.

Conclusion
Entrepreneurship has many dimensions and confining it to promoters only is erroneous.
An entrepreneur, therefore, is not necessarily the promoter who merely carries out the
operation of floating a new enterprise, and then settles down to carry out the routine day
to day work connected to normal business operations.

The inheritor of an enterprise is also an entrepreneur in the sense that he has to take
decisions on matters which are challenging and innovative. He has to decide when
replacement is necessary and select efficient plant & machinery. He has to secure and
retain adequate financial resources. He has to see for sufficient and steady supply of
raw materials. He has to develop the market for his product or has to anticipate the
future demand. He will also has to maintain efficient relationship with labourers, public
authorities and society at large.

It is extremely difficult to arrive at a precise definition for entrepreneur. The world of

management is becoming complex day by day. Can we ignore the professional
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managers of Larsen and Turbo? Can we set aside Mr. Darbari Seth of Tata chemicals
or Mr. Sumant Moolgaokar of irrepressible Telco? Can we dismiss J.R.D., the father of
Indian aviation, because he has virtually retired? Never we can do so.

References
Websites:

 www.entrepreneurship.org

 http://www.scribd.com/doc/13735208/Theories-of-Entrepreneurship

 http://entrepreneurs.about.com/od/famousentrepreneurs/Famous_Entrepreneurs.
htm
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  www.entrepreneur.com

 www.ask.com

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneur

 www.managementparadise.com

 www.amazon.com

Books:

 Entrepreneur's Notebook: Practical Advice for Starting a New Business Venture by

Steven K. Gold

 The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an

Age of Uncertainty by Rita Gunther McGrath

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