Professional Documents
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THE CONSUMER
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Contents N 3 2009
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20 Why is everyone talking cash flow? SCA’s business
school teases out the what’s and the why’s.
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A strong brand is priceless. Shape asks some of the
marketing industry’s sharpest minds for the recipe
for branding success.
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Bag in a box – the little package with the big suc-
cess. Plus the latest in lingerie fashion as well as
Ikea’s trend expert on furniture trends for the fall.
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What makes toilet paper different, and why can’t
you use it to dry your hands?
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Nature is Jim Carles’ life, at work and at home. For
the UN, he keeps watch over the world’s forests.
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With a climate that ranges from desert-dry to
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Backyards made beautiful, plus consumers talk
about Libresse Hipsters.
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Which SCA business area is holding up best?
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OL
Getting a grasp on SC A F IN A N CE SCH O
CASH FLOW
other items) is that cash flow is not
affected by depreciation, allocation
of costs or other accounting adjust-
ments. In a sense, cash flow can be
Everyone seems to be talking about cash flow. The recent econo- said to be more objective than the
income statement because it does not
mic downturn has led many companies, including SCA, to focus include items based on estimates. On
on it. But what is cash flow and why is it suddenly so important? the other hand, it provides no indica-
tion of future investment needs. Cash
TEXT: GÖRAN LIND flow simply indicates whether more
money is flowing into than out of the
company. If so, this may be because
Last December, SCA’s president Cash flow can be defined as the operations are going well, but also be-
and CEO Jan Johansson explained difference between a company’s cause investments are put on hold.
that one of the company’s most incoming and outgoing payments Cash flow is often used to assess
important tasks was “to turn the during a given period, showing the the value of an investment, such as a
cash flow situation around as a re- change in its liquidity. Cash flow new factory. Then the present value*
sult of the economic downturn and is usually broken down into what of future cash flow is calculated by
financial uncertainty.” During the is generated from operations, in- discounting this at an interest rate
first half of the year SCA's cash flow vestments and financing activity. determined by the return required by
strengthened by an improvement Cash flow is positively affected by, the investor. If the present value, in-
of the operating cash flow through, among other things, running a sur- cluding any residual value, is greater
among other things, reduced work- plus in operating activities or selling than the cost of the investment, then
ing capital. Many other companies fixed assets. Similarly, cash flow is it is profitable.
have set similar priorities over the adversely affected by losses from *Present value of a cash flow of 100 dol-
last year to secure their financial operations and by new investments. lars over five years when the rate of return
positions. But just what is meant The difference compared with required is 7.2 percent is: 100/(1.0725) =
AS E !
by cash flow and what information profitability based on the income 70.63 dollars.
Puberty
does it provide? statement (profit before tax and
DON ' T ER
EVERYONE’S TALKING
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The value of their brands has become many
successful companies’ most important asset.
But building a strong brand is an art.
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c ]QO1]ZOVOa]\S Toyota,
IBM, Gillette, Intel, BMW,
H&M and Moët & Chan-
don have them as well.
In a global economy, su-
per strong brands have become the surest
way to spur sales and share prices. The
value of the world’s brands today is esti-
“When I started in the advertising in-
dustry 25 years ago, brands were very
much about pure marketing and one-way
communication,” she says. “The com-
pany told consumers what it thought were
the most important qualities of its product
– a laundry detergent that smelled good
or coffee with a slightly mellower flavor.
when a growing number of different
kinds of consultants and advisers such
as advertising agencies, PR people,
management consultants and corporate
social responsibility experts want to be
included and compete for corporate in-
vestments in branding.
But the experts are all agreed on one
mated at USD 150 billion. Today, the power has shifted to consum- point – the time is past when you could
Most companies with international ers, and companies have been forced into sell anything with killer advertising.
operations nowadays want to be includ- dialogue and greater openness.” Behind every strong brand today are
ed among the heavyweights in that elite well-functioning operations. As Ama-
category of global brands. 2C@7<5;=AB=4B63 20th century, zon.com’s founder Jeff Bezos notes, “A
“The driving force for companies to brands were essentially about a good- brand for a company is like a reputation
protect and strengthen their brands is basi- looking logo and flashy ads that praised for a person. You earn reputation by try-
cally economic rationality,” says Dorothy the unique qualities of the product or ing to do hard things well.”
Mackenzie, chairman of the brand agency service. Now the competition has inten- Dorothy Mackenzie says the essence
Dragon Rouge in London. “The brand sified, and there are more ingredients in of all strong brands is a good product or
increases and facilitates sales and creates the recipe for success. service. “The organization also needs to
loyal customers. In a market with growing Advertising, public relations and de- have an understanding of what’s unique
competition, where the price of produc- sign are important for most brands, but about what it offers and its own vision of
tion is steadily decreasing and there are in- so are corporate social and environmen- how it wants to be seen,” she says.
creasingly fewer unique technological dif- tal responsibility, quality and customer At the same time, she says the qualities
ferences between products, strong brands service. that make a brand unique have changed.
have become a key to success.” There are differing views about what “One example is Dove,” she says, re-
As a marketing veteran, she has ob- the proportions should be and what the ferring to the soap and shower gel made
served a major change in the field. mixture should look like – especially by the multinational Unilever. “For a
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long time, the brand stood for soap
with added moisturizers. But today the
company stands for an alternative and
more realistic ideal of human beauty.”
A strong connection between brand
and operations is also important.
“Brands are built in the consciousness
of the receiver, not by the company or
organization,” says Henrik Evrell of the
international brand agency Rewir.
“It’s crucial that the strategy that’s
chosen to develop the brand works well /0@/<22=3A<¸B6/D3/
with the strategy set for the business.” >3@A=</:7BG7B¸AB630@/<2CA3@
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type of service or product, there are a
number of widely divergent paths and BVS\]bW]\bVObg]c
strategies. Broad-based consumer prod- QO\aSZZO\gbVW\U
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ions themselves.
“For a typical B2B company that pro-
vides advanced technological solutions,
brand building means something com-
pletely different,” Mackenzie says.
“There, the best communication
channel may be the company’s highly
specialized engineers. The brand is
about the impressions and values that
this group communicates to the com-
pany’s customers.”
A typical pitfall, according to Jacob
Fant at Rewir, is copying strategies that
work for others without thinking them
through.
“Instead, it’s a matter of fi nding what
distinguishes them and makes them in-
teresting and thus makes people want to
choose them,” he says. “The challenge
in all branding work is to whittle out
what is the unique DNA of the organi-
zation, those particular qualities that
differentiate the company from other
players in the market arena.”
Among the trends that have had the
strongest impact on those who craft
brands around the world is the growing
power of consumers – both in individual
purchasing decisions and through their
basic power over increasingly valuable
assets in the form of brands.
“A brand doesn’t have a personality,”
says American marketing guru Al Ries. I ! 'KA6/>3A1/ %
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Tough times at
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There’s a battling brewing among top-ranked global brands.
Today’s winners can be down for the count tomorrow.
B635:=0/:consultancy Interbrand’s
annual list of the 100 best and most
valuable brands in the world provides a
good overview of changing fortunes in
the struggle between competing global
better days are Sony, whose game con-
soles have encountered heavy com-
petition from both Microsoft’s Xbox
and Nintendo’s Wii. In recent years,
though, the company has recovered
But in their analysis, the brand ex-
perts at Interbrand offer a gloomy fore-
cast for both the product and the future
of the brand.
“Sooner or later, the brand will most
likely undergo a decline because a more
connected world means that even the
growth markets can change their view
of the dangers of smoking tobacco fast-
er than expected,” they say.
Among the newcomers since the
1990s is Finland’s Nokia, which surfed
in on the IT wave and has maintained its
hold at the top. Together with the Japa-
nese giant Toyota, the world’s largest au-
tomaker, these outsiders have broken the
superbrands. thanks to its successful ventures in TVs otherwise solid US dominance.
Since 1996, five of the top 10 brands (Bravia), laptops (Vaio) and digital
have fallen. cameras (Cyber-shot). B634/AB3AB1:7;03@in all catego-
The big losers can be found, not sur- The fast food giant McDonald’s ries is the search engine Google, which
prisingly, in two industries where the went through a difficult patch in the made its debut on the list in 2005. Its
winds of change have blown strongest – 1990s when the brand was linked to competitor Yahoo, on the other hand,
technology and fashion. obesity, trans fats and generally un- has steadily lost ground and is now
healthy lifestyles. But with investments ranked 56th.
B63B@/<A7B7=<4@=; film to digital in healthier food, french fries made One longtime player that made a spec-
memory ousted the company whose name without trans fats and communica- tacular comeback is IBM. During the
was synonymous with memorable times – tion that focuses on health, this heavy- 1990s, the computer manufacturer “Big
think “Kodak moment” – from the list of weight has polished its golden brand. Blue” was almost counted out, but it has
the 100 best brands in the world. Times have been harder for Marlboro, since bounced back as a service provider.
Even the once durable jeans maker whose products are anything but healthy. Even the old maxim “Nobody ever
Levi Strauss has been hit by the rapid So far, the tobacco giant has been saved got fi red for buying IBM” took on new
swings in fashion, disappearing off the by new consumers in developing markets luster when the company grabbed sec-
brand radar. that have – as yet – fewer restrictions on ond place from its archrival, the soft-
Among the survivors that have seen smoking and tobacco advertising. ware provider Microsoft.
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Hard numbers for soft values Soon it will be easier to value brands.
The German standardization organiza-
tion DIN has taken the initiative in devel-
EVS\PWZZW]\aO`SW\dSabSRW\PcWZRW\Uab`]\UP`O\Ra oping a common ISO standard for valuing
PSW\UOPZSb][SOac`SbVSdOZcS]TOP`O\RW\\c[PS`a brands. Some 15 countries have worked
QO\TSSZaSQc`S/\Ra]]\WbeWZZPSSdS\SOaWS`PSQOcaS for two years to produce a draft standard.
OQ][[]\abO\RO`RWa]\bVSeOg To contribute to the process, DIN’s
Swedish counterpart, SIS, appointed a
committee with leading representatives
µB63 ;=AB important reason a com- and luxury products like perfume and and experts in brand valuation, with Jan
pany is valued at five to 10 times the book cosmetics. Companies can charge prices Treffner as chairman.
value of its equity is the economic advan- with margins far above the actual cost “It’s beneficial to have a common
tages a strong brand provides,” says Jan for a few extra horsepower and alumi- standard that can be compared, especially
Treffner, brand expert at the accounting num trim or a designer bottle. when awareness about the importance of
and consultancy firm Pricewaterhouse- “If a bottle of acetone costs about brands and how they are valued is still low
Coopers and co-author of the book Var- USD 1.50 in a retail store, the same con- for a lot of company executives,” he says.
umärket som värdeskapare (Brand as a tent – plus a little perfume – can cost 25
Creator of Value). times as much at the perfume counter,” 3D3< B6=C56 the importance of
Half of Coca-Cola’s market value today Treffner says. strong brands has been drummed into
is tied to the brand. The value of the Swed- people’s minds over the decades, Treff-
ish apparel giant H&M’s brand is set at /;=<5 B63 1=;>/<73A whose ner thinks the area is still subject to a
USD 11 billion and Ikea’s at USD 7 billion. brands make them volume winners are big great deal of misunderstanding.
Behind these figures – taken from the sellers like McDonald’s and Coca-Cola. “The most common misunderstand-
branding consultant Interbrand’s an- Today, there are a number of different ing is confusing a company’s distinctive
nual valuations – is some fairly uncom- models for valuing brands in dollars and features with its brand,” he says. “These
plicated math. cents. Interbrand’s model is based on the features, like names, logos and design,
“The difficult thing is to calculate how earnings forecasts of its analysts minus can be protected. But not a brand, which
much the brand contributes to economic the return on tangible assets. includes so much more.”
performance,” Treffner says. “The obvi- Other valuations look at the licenses He advises corporate executives who
ous advantage of a brand is that it helps and royalties paid for the benefit of using want to increase the value of their com-
the company to sell at a higher price or a given brand. pany’s brand to get a good sense of how it
contributes to greater sales volume – that “But the issue here is to compare ap- is perceived by its target group and how it
is, the brand generates either a price pre- ples with apples and understand both differs from the competition.
mium or a volume premium.” the industry and the segment in order to “Only then can you know which knobs
Examples of price premiums are car make valuations that are as accurate as you need to adjust to develop the brand
makes in the attractive premium segment possible,” Treffner says. you want to have,” Treffner says.
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full range of
liners, pads and
underwear
advanced odor
protection
THE evolution O F
bladder protection
For a free sample call 1- 800 -781- 3298 toll free or visit www.TENA.us
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SCA investing in
fewer, more
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“We work in markets with increasingly
tougher competition, both from global
and strong local competitors with their
own brands. Moreover, a lot of retail-
ers have their own brands. It’s critical
that we continue full-out to build and
maintain strong brands. In the end, al-
most all brand work is about increasing
competitiveness and profitability in a
company.”
EVOb¸abVSab`ObSUg-
“Today we have a global brand platform
that includes a number of our products,
and we’re working toward a portfolio
with fewer but stronger brands. At the
same time, it’s important to realize that
different categories and markets often
e]`ZR-
“An important trend is the digital de-
velopment and social media that cre-
ate new opportunities. Then there’s a
strong focus today on sustainability
both in the environmental field and in
social responsibility. Consumers are de-
manding that the companies they shop
at behave responsibly.”
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“In incontinence, we’ve carried out
work long-term to increase openness
and information in an area that has tra-
ditionally been marked by taboo and
shame. I think we’ve succeeded really
well with that, which is also reflected in
good image for TENA.”
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We have to have both an understanding
of and respect for our target groups.”
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“Our products are relatively unaffected
by market fluctuations since we pro-
duce everyday products. But the con-
sumers might get a little bit more price
conscious.Those who dare to invest in
bad times have really great opportuni-
ties to build a strong and, in the future,
very successful position by investing in
their brands. Which is something we’re
also doing.”
EVOb¸abVS[]abW[^]`bO\bbVW\Ub]
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“To have a focus on the whole and under-
stand the interplay between many differ-
ent ingredients. Many people still think
require strategies adapted to them.” \WSaVOdSb]UWdSc^Q]\b`]Z]dS`bVSW` of the logo and traditional TV advertising
EVObO`SA1/¸aUZ]POZP`O\Rab]ROg- P`O\RaSa^SQWOZZgW\bVSRWUWbOZe]`ZR when they talk about brands. That’s im-
“TENA and Tork. Then we have a /\gQ][[S\b- portant. But brands are essentially about
number of strong regional brands like “Anyone who wants to be seen cannot how the entire organization works and
Libero, Libresse, Saba, Nosotras, Nana be cowardly or too cautious. At the same interacts with our brand objectives. How
and Tempo, which are now supported time, I think that all successful brand- our plants work, how we handle the envi-
by our global brand platforms. The aim ing work is based on an understanding ronmental and social issues, how our sales
is to give regional brands the opportu- of what we essentially offer. That’s the staff treat our key customers, innovative-
nity to grow and become global.” difference between selling diapers and ness in the company and of course the
EVOb¸abVSb`S\Rb]ROgW\bVSP`O\R toilet paper and selling trendy clothes. quality of our products.”
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Nå er Libresse tamponger her – med heldekkende silkemyk overflate for enklere innføring.
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ligger i esker med stilig design er bare en bonus, ikke sant? Feel secure. Wear Libresse.
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$A1/A6/>3I ! 'K
1CAB=;3@A are in favor of guidance. The thirst working hard to find solutions and often
sustainable transporta- for knowledge is enor- build new stores alongside malls where
tion, environmentally mous. Questions like customers can take public transporta-
sound production and “How should we save wa- tion”.
natural materials. But ter and energy?” and “How can we The next step will be to make pack-
in the furniture industry, reduce the amount of garbage?” are ages lighter, not just through the choice
there’s not much happen- often asked. The expres- of materials but with new technology,
ing in these areas, accord- sion “minimizing waste” which means that smaller quantities of
ing to Mia Lundström, who is governing many material will be needed in many prod-
works with Ikea’s product- trends, in each phase of ucts. Some furniture can make do with
assortment strategy and forecasts furni- the chain. Customers, who are being lightweight, but other items have
ture trends globally. becoming more and more aware, will to be made of solid wood or other strong
“Last year at the Milan furniture shape the trends of the future, Lund- materials to be sufficiently stable.
fair, the most important furniture fair ström believes.
in the world, I was disappointed to see “At Ikea we’re already doing a lot, A=:72 E==2 is good for the envi-
almost no concern for the environment but we’re not very good at telling people ronment and is now, after many years,
in the thousands of items that were on about it,” she says. “We’re working, for becoming increasingly important in the
display,” she says. instance, with replantable forests. We too furniture industry.
“We thought we would see more in- have to become more aware and develop “Solid light woods are back, not just
teresting hints and more new materials. everything from new energy sources to because of concern for the environ-
But when we spoke with furniture mak- furniture made from recycled materials. ment but because many young designers
ers, it seemed like the entire furniture We’re now thinking about how custom- around the world see wood as trendy --
industry was waiting for Ikea to pave ers could recycle old sofas.” preferably untreated.”
the way. And in our self-image we’re ba- Ikea has been criticized for locating its Among the innovations this year are
sically Smålanders, from the middle of stores outside city centers and having cus- new wood stains and methods of joining
Sweden. It made me dizzy to think the tomers take their purchases home in their wood. Another trend is to combine differ-
global furniture industry is waiting for own cars. Home delivery is more environ- ent types of wood, a common practice in
us to take the lead.” mentally friendly because deliveries can Denmark in the 1950s. Light woods like
Consumers have been setting high be coordinated. ash, birch and beech as well as light oak
demands in food and fashion for years. “Our customers account are in. Dark woods are on the way out.
But when it comes to furniture and ap- for our largest emissions,” Plastic, somewhat unexpectedly, is
pliances, they are more unsure and want Lundström says. “We’re trendy again.
“It’s an exciting material, but it
can be anything from horrible to re-
793/A1/+5=@; ally good for the environment. Most
plastics are made of oil, but people are
/a]T 7YSO¸a5]`[aVSZdW\U gSO`B`wBSO[A1/¸a^O`b\S`W\ working more and more with recycled
c\WbWaPSW\U[ORSeWbVe]]RT`][ 9`O[T]`aAeSRS\WaW\dSabW\U plastic, like PET bottles, which take on
A1/BW[PS`A][S"#QcPWQ OP]cbA39!#[WZZW]\W\S_cW^[S\b
a second life as furniture.”
[SbS`a]T^W\SbW[PS`O`S\SSRSR T]`^`]RcQbW]\
O\\cOZZgT]`^`]RcQbW]\ E]]R^`]RcQba]TbVS`WUVb_cOZ Asked to sum up this year’s trend,
BVSc\Wb[ORS]Ta]ZWRe]]RVOa WbgO\RRW[S\aW]\aO`SPSW\U[ORS Lundström says it’s a reinforcement of
PSS\W\7YSO¸a^`]RcQb`O\UST]` ObA1/¸aaOe[WZZa/bB`wBSO[W\ last year’s “decide for yourself.” “At Ikea,
[O\ggSO`a<]eQ]abaO`SPSW\U 9`O[T]`abVSgO`S^ZO\SRaQO\\SR we’ve listened to a lot of trend consult-
QcbOQ`]aabVSQVOW\T`][`Oe[O O\RQcbb]ZS\UbVT]`bVSaVSZdW\U ants before, without realizing how great
bS`WOZab]^`]RcQbaW\ab]`Sa Q][^]\S\ba@]P]ba\OWZbVS[b]
an impact we have ourselves,” she says.
A1/BW[PS`VOaaWU\SROZ]\U USbVS`W\b]aVSZdW\UaSU[S\ba
bS`[OU`SS[S\beWbV7YSOb]RS 3dS`gbVW\UWa^OQYOUSRW\b]ÀOb Now we have to seriously ask ourselves
ZWdS`ObZSOabO[WZZW]\c\WbaSOQV ^OQYaO\RRWab`WPcbSR whether Ikea is just going to follow trends
or whether Ikea will create its own trends.
My answer is both yes and no.”
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t he ingenuity involved in
wiping our behinds has
included everything from
leaves, rocks and sponges
to catalogs and even the hu-
man hand. Toilet paper
as we know it was invented in the US
in the 1880s. In Sweden in the 1940s,
Edet Bruk was the fi rst to manufacture
a more modern version of soft, creped
paper. Development work is always an
other industries, design has become in-
creasingly crucial.
“Appearance and design are things
we work a lot with,” Annergren says.
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duced in theory, she says. However, some B6@3327443@3<B97<2A=4 BVWabSQV\W_cSWa[]`SS\S`UgQ]\
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combinations of properties can be hard to
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another in the manufacturing process. 6]bOW`WaPZ]e\W\b]bVSbWaacS 21³2@G1@3>3(
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super soft, super strong and super cheap OPa]`PS\b^O^S`/Pa]`PS\QgWa Wbaa]Tb^`]^S`bWSabV`]cUVQ`S^W\U
product,” she says. OQVWSdSReVS\ab`cQbc`SWaQ`SObSR 0SbbS`S\S`UgST¿QWS\QgbVO\B/2
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To bring about the different proper-
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ties, many tests are conducted on the pa- bVWQY\SaaT]c`b]aSdS\bW[Sa7\ TS`bVO\R`gQ`S^SO\ReWbVa]
per and the product. Some tests are done B/2^O^S`bVSab`cQbc`SWa`SbOW\SR [SeVObZ]eS`OPa]`^bW]\=c`]ZR
in labs where people make up a sensory eVS\bVS^O^S`Wa[]WabS\SReVS Sabbg^S]T^O^S`³bVSORdO\bOUSWa
panel. The panelists are trained to grade `SOaQ]\dS\bW]\OZ^O^S`Q]ZZO^aSa VWUVS\S`UgST¿QWS\Qg
the paper so they can describe such quali-
ties as the paper’s softness. SCA also con- 27443@3<BB316<7?C3A
ducts major consumer tests where people
use the products at home and keep a log.
7<27443@3<B1=C<B@73A
“Even though we test a lot on our- 2WTTS`S\bab`]YSaT]`RWTTS`S\b ROUSBVSaSQ]\ac[S`PSVOd
selves, we can’t forget that the people T]ZYaOabVSaOgW\UU]SaO\R ]`aO`SbOYS\W\b]OQQ]c\bW\
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who work here are not ‘normal’ consu-
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mers anymore,” Annergren says. 7\\]bVS`\3c`]^SVgUWS\SWaOa S`aOZbV]cUVOZO`US\c[PS`OZ
With many years of accumulated a]QWObSReWbVeVWbSb]WZSb^O^S` a]caSbVSbSQV\W_cS]T`]ZZW\UbVS
experience, tests and market surveys, eVWZSQ]Z]`SR^O^S`Wa^]^cZO`W\ ^O^S`O`]c\RbVSW`VO\Ra/ca
which is best then – folding or bunching Q]c\b`WSaTO`bVS`a]cbV;]ab5S` b`OZWO\aOZa]T]ZRbVSW`^O^S`
up the paper before using it? [O\aO\RAQO\RW\OdWO\aT]ZRbVSW` Pcb<]`bV/[S`WQO\aO`SZO`USZg
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“As long as you’re clean, you can do
Pc\QVbVSW`a/\]bVS`ZSaaT`S_cS\b 7\/aWOO\RW\;caZW[Q]c\
whatever you want,” she says. “So we dO`WO\bW\3c`]^SWa`]ZZW\UbVS^O b`WSaeObS`WacaSR[]`ST`S
make sure to make paper that stands up ^S`O`]c\R]\S¸aVO\RZWYSOPO\ _cS\bZgbVO\b]WZSb^O^S`
to both techniques.”
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theforest
importance to all life on earth.
Yet they face many threats.
Six million hectares of na-
tive forest disappear or are
modified each year. Although
the rate of deforestation has
decreased slightly, it is fright-
eningly high in large parts
of the world. Deforestation
EWbVVWaVSO`bW\
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lion hectares of forest disap-
T]`SabaO\Ra^S\RW\UbW[SO[]\U pear yearly, according to the
United Nations’ Food and
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sailed from Glasgow to Wellington tain, and they often played teams to keep your own family together. So
onboard the ship Captain Cook. from other countries. he shut down his firm and accepted a
His fi rst encounter with New “In the early ‘70s I played rugby job with the FAO in Rome in 2000.
Zealand was a shock. on the national team,” he says. “My
“I went to Sunday school in Clyde, dream was not to become a profes- /BB634/= Carle is in charge of
a rural town in New Zealand with sional athlete, but to live and work risk assessment and measures to fight
just a hundred or so families, wearing in different countries.” forest fires and other threats to the
a kilt,” he says. “I didn’t fit in at all.” And that dream was realized. health of forests, such as the spread
Even as a child, he loved being By now, Jim Carle has lived and of non-native species, insect infesta-
out of doors. worked in 60 countries. He spent tions and various tree diseases.
“I rarely wore shoes and was out 20 years working in Southeast Asia, “Among other things, we support
on a lake or river as often as I could more than half of that with his own more than 50 domestic projects in
be, fishing and making money as consulting fi rm. countries around the world,” he says.
well by picking cherries, apricots, “Some of my main clients were “My most important task, some-
apples, pears and peaches.” the World Bank, the Swedish aid thing I feel really passionate about,
organization SIDA and various is to develop the necessary means so
1/@:3 23D3:=>32 an interest UN bodies,” he says. “In Southeast that developing countries in particu-
in forests early on and was inspired Asia, I was inspired not just by how lar can manage trees and forests in
not just by his love of nature, but by hard they worked but by their open- an ecologically sustainable way in a
the people he met. ness to knowledge and technology. world of climate change.”
“I loved science and had fantastic In many ways, they’ve given us in The world’s forests today face a
teachers who were ornithologists the so-called developed world rea- variety of threats.
or were part of forest or mountain son to feel ashamed.” “California and Australia are hit
rescue teams. In my teens, they took He says he’s always liked South- by frequent forest fires, which also
me on adventures into the moun- east Asia’s cultural diversity, its fo- affect southern Europe in the sum-
tains or on rivers around Queens- cus on the family and the food that’s mer. In northern Europe there’s the
town, Wanaka and Hawea. among the best in the world. problem of extreme weather, like the
“While we were sitting around “Vietnam made the greatest im- storms that hit Sweden a few years
the campfi re one night, they said pression. If I got the chance, I’d go ago. Another problem is that the
that if I loved the outdoor life, I back. It’s touching and impressive to permafrost is beginning to thaw. In
should apply for a government see how they managed all the misery Russia, that’s already a big problem.
scholarship to the college of for- after the war, with people maimed “In Sweden and Finland, trees
estry. And that’s what I did.” and the land poisoned. They have from forests have been used active-
Carle won a four-year scholar- such motivation and energy and want ly for decades without destroying
ship, sponsored by the New Zea- to do everything their own way.” the forests, which is unique. We see
land Forest Service. He spent his Unfortunately, Carle’s job meant a similar approach in New Zea-
time studying intensely – and play- traveling nine months out of the year, land and Chile, where new planted
ing rugby. He was the team’s cap- which doesn’t work well if you want forests are extremely well man-
I ! 'KA6/>3A1/ #
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RWQObSabVObQcZbWdObSRT]`SabZO\R aged. And Brazil is becoming a model ing. He’s caught some big steelhead
[OgW\Q`SOaSPg!^S`QS\bO\Rb]
globally.” and salmon there with his younger
bOZbW[PS`^`]RcQbW]\Pg#^S`
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That’s because the future belongs son.
PS`^`]RcQbW]\WaSf^SQbSRb]Q][S to wood, Carle says. New research “The average salmon there weighs
T`][^ZO\bSRT]`Saba shows that wood can advantageously two kilos,” he says. “And the rainbow
replace construction materials like trout is famous for its combativeness in
steel, aluminum, cement and plastic. the rapid-flowing water.”
“If just 10 percent more buildings in Carle’s wife also works today for
Europe were made of wood, this would FAO, with computer support, and she
achieve a quarter of the reduction in car- will soon complete a master’s degree in
bon dioxide emissions targeted by the e-education. Their two sons both live
Kyoto Protocol,” he says emphatically. in New Zealand.
“So one of my biggest aims is to in- His wife shares his passion for travel
crease the use of wood to places without so many tourists,
products, which are envi- where nature is wild and untouched.
ronmentally friendly and Together, they do everything from day
energy-efficient. I strongly trips to several weeks of intense hiking
believe that less deforesta- in forests and mountains.
tion, more planted forests There are still a few places he hasn’t
and greater use of wood prod- visited. He wants to see the Amazon,
ucts are crucial for the health Patagonia and not least Central Asia,
of the planet.” which he’s fantasized about ever since
he read about Marco Polo as a child.
E63< 1/@:3 B/:9A /0=CB “But perhaps my greatest dream is
forests, it’s hard to get him to stop. But to do the world-renowned Milford,
the topic of fly fishing also excites him. Routeburn, Hollyford and Heaphy
He talks about the Tongariro River in Tracks in New Zealand before my
New Zealand, which he considers one rheumatoid arthritis keeps me from
of the best rivers in the world for fish- doing it,” he says.
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land, SCA has been awarded the “Being able to have this stamp `geVWQVeOa
honor of Product of the Year. The on products is a tried and tested VO\RSR]cbW\
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and is voted on each year through Poland. “In the last 20 years, prize =cbR]]`
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/;/BC@363253 that’s delivered in environmentally friendly pack-
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aging and can be planted anywhere is the latest innovation from SCA S`VOdSPSS\dS`g
Packaging in Tilburg, the Netherlands, and its partner QuickHedge. S\Q]c`OUW\U
The idea of QuickHedge is to deliver and plant mature shrubs in dura- µ<W\SbgaWf^S`QS\b
ble corrugated cardboard packaging that protects the fragile roots dur- ]T:WP`SaaS6W^abS`caS`a
OU`SSbVObbVS^`]RcQbWa
ing transportation and planting. The packaging breaks down when it’s
O\O\aeS`b]O`SOZQ]\
placed in soil so that the root system can continue to grow. The packaging ac[S`\SSR¶3UUS`[]\baOgaµ/Z
was developed by SCA Packaging’s Heavy Duty Knowledge Center. The []ab&^S`QS\b]TbV]aSeV]¸dS
plants should be placed in the ground by a professional, and a number of caSR:WP`SaaS6W^abS`ZW\S`aaOg
horticulturists have become partners with QuickHedge. bVSg`SOZZgZWYSbVS^`]RcQb¶
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[O\cOZa]O^RWa^S\aS`aeWbVR]a aQS\bbVOb[]Wabc`WhSaVO\Ra)O\O\bWPOQbS`WOZ
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I ! 'KA6/>3A1/ '
=CB:==9
/B :34B /@3 8CAB 4=C@ of the Cities are running out of water,
48 lines of “My Country,” Dorothea once mighty river systems are dying,
Mackellar’s much-admired ode to and bushfires are becoming more fre-
Australia. Although it is the island quent and catastrophic as vegetation
continent’s best-known poem, express- withers and the burning sun sucks the
ing the author’s love for the land despite last of the moisture out of the soil.
its many brutal challenges, they are the Debate rages in Australia about
only four lines most Aussies can relia- whether this drought is so severe be-
bly recite from memory. cause of climate change or if it is just
The passage neatly sums up what part of the country’s natural cycle of
living in this vast, harsh country is like: climate extremes.
you are in danger of either drowning or There is irony aplenty, too, that
dying of thirst, or sometimes both. confounds even the most rational
Written just over a century ago, thinkers.
“My Country” uses metaphorical In February of this year, most of
imagery to describe the land after the the state of Queensland was either
breaking of a long drought. flooded or parched – and some areas
1]`S]T[gVSO`b[gQ]c\b`g
were declared eligible for government
6S`^WbWZSaaPZcSaYg assistance for both.
EVS\aWQYObVSO`bO`]c\Rca Australia’s largest river, the Mur-
ESaSSbVSQObbZSRWS ray, forms part of the Murray-Darling
0cbbVS\bVSU`SgQZ]cRaUObVS` river system – in total one-seventh of
/\ReSQO\PZSaaOUOW\ Australia’s land mass. The Murray
BVSR`c[[W\U]TO\O`[g
now carries only a touch over 30 per-
BVSabSORga]OYW\U`OW\
cent of its natural flow, a critical prob-
If ever Australia needed to hear the lem for the many communities along
drumming of that army it is now, as its banks that rely on farming, fishing
the country struggles to shake off the and river tourism to survive.
worst drought on record. As the water along the Murray
I ! 'KA6/>3A1/ !
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O\R^O^S`[WZZa¶ dropped to perilous levels, a very rare harshest water-usage restrictions as its
A1/¸a[O\cTOQbc`W\U^ZO\bW\0]f event was taking place in the central de- main dams shrank to 17 percent of com-
6WZZOacPc`P]T;SZP]c`\SVOa sert 700 km north of Adelaide. bined capacity with no respite in sight.
PSS\ObbVST]`ST`]\b]TeObS`caS Lake Eyre is the lowest point in Aus- For several years residents had to
`SRcQbW]\W\WbWObWdSaO\RWa]TbS\QWb
SRPgbVSQ][^O\gOaO\SfO[^ZS
tralia, sitting about 15 meters below sea watch their gardens die as watering was
]TA1/¸aQ][[Wb[S\bb]WbaS\dW`]\ level. On the rare occasions that it fills, it banned except by hand using a bucket,
[S\bOZU]OZa is the largest lake in Australia. washing cars was forbidden and swim-
µEObS`WaSaaS\bWOZT]`bVS^O^S` This year it fi lled as water from the ming pools were left unfilled.
[OYW\U^`]QSaaO\RbVS`ST]`SeObS` monsoons that swamped Queens- School sports had to be severely re-
[O\OUS[S\bWaOVWUV^`W]`WbgT]` land drained inland to the southwest stricted because football grounds turned
A1/O\RW\Q]c\b`WSaZWYS/cab`O
ZWOeVS`SeObS`WaaQO`QSWbWaOdS`g
through ancient but normally dry chan- rock-hard and the grass turned to dust.
VWUV^`W]`Wbg¶aOga/\R`SeBOgZ]` nels. That has only happened about 10 Every aspect of water usage was scruti-
A1/6/¸a[O\OUS`T]`acabOW\OPWZWbg times since 1885. nized. Education campaigns urged people
µ=\S]TA1/¸aS\dW`]\[S\bOZbO` How do you manage water resources to shower for no more than three minutes
USbaWab]`SRcQSeObS`Q]\ac[^ in a country that can produce these kinds at a time. Urinals in city office towers were
bW]\Pg#^S`QS\bPSbeSS\ #
of contradictions? converted to waterless units. Homeowners
O\R ¶VSaOgaµA1/6/VOa
OQVWSdSRbVWabO`USbOZ`SORgO\R
For the major cities it has meant rethink- were given government subsidies to install
]c`0]f6WZZ^O^S`[WZZWa\]eOW[ ing how water supplies are delivered. rain-water tanks and divert greywater
W\UT]`O"#^S`QS\b`SRcQbW]\¶ New dams are being commissioned, (water from washing machines, showers
BOgZ]`aOgaaSdS`OZa[OZZ^`]XSQba desalination plants built and plans drawn and kitchens) onto gardens.
c\RS`bOYS\]dS`bVS^OabgSO`a up to purify and recycle water from the At the height of the crisis some small
VOdSQcbbVScaS]TeObS`ObbVS0]f
sewerage system. towns west of Brisbane ran out of wa-
6WZZ^ZO\b:OabgSO`OZ]\SbVSgaO
dSR[]`SbVO\&#[WZZW]\ZWb`Sa
Money is being poured into pipelines ter and had to have it trucked in daily by
µAWU\W¿QO\beObS`aOdW\UaVOdS linking dams to form water grids, which road tankers.
PSS\[ORSPg`SRcQW\U\]hhZSaWh will enable flows to be delivered to areas It was a situation that brought home
Sa]\W\Rcab`WOZaV]eS`VSORaO\R whose supplies are critically low from to many the idea that climate change,
caW\U`SQ]dS`SReObS`eObS`R`OW\ areas that may have plenty. whether natural or man-made, was a real
SRT`][bVS^O^S`[OYW\U^`]QSaa
Brisbane, the biggest city in Queens- threat to human existence.
W\abSOR]TT`SaV¶VSaOga
land with nearly 2 million inhabitants, The rain that swamped the northern
was until recently living with Australia’s half of Queensland at the start of the
! A1/A6/>3I ! 'K
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abObW]\Q][^ZSbSZgT`SST`][S[WaaW]\a]T
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year made its way south over the ensu-
ing months and finally filled Brisbane’s
dams. If it hadn’t, the water grid and de-
salination plants and other infrastructure
that government officials were frantically
building to “drought-proof” the city were
not going to be completed in time.
But although that city is safe for the time
being, residents of Melbourne and Ade-
laide in the south are now going through
the same crisis and adopting many of the
measures Brisbane had to hastily introdu-
ce as dam levels plunged to critical levels.
I ! 'KA6/>3A1/ !!
31=<=;G
E63<A1/ reported its second-quar- much stronger. The exception is Packa- percent of operating profit for the first
ter earnings this summer, the market ging, which has lost roughly 90 percent six months of 2009. As can be seen in
was once again positively surprised. of its profit as a result of price drops and the diagram below, hygiene operations
Analysts on average had expected profit lower volumes. have never before generated such a large
before tax of SEK 1,471 million (exclu- Most notable perhaps is that cyclical share of SCA’s operating profit, and this
ding non-recurring items). Profit was operations such as publication papers shows the business’ strength also in an
instead SEK 2,014 million, 37 percent (part of Forest Products) have increased economic downturn. For example, dur-
above the average expectation. So, too, their profit by no less than 283 percent ing the last economic boom, in 2006,
when the fi rst-quarter report was pre- compared to 2008, largely as a result of hygiene operations represented roughly
sented, SCA was able to delight the mar- lower energy and raw material costs. half of SCA’s profit.
ket with unexpectedly strong numbers. But the contribution of hygiene op-
Three of SCA’s four business areas A1/¸A 6G573<3 products (personal erations to SCA’s operating profit does
have managed to increase earnings care products and tissue) are relatively not simply vary with the state of the
during the fi rst half of the year, despite insensitive to fluctuations in the econo- economy. There is also, as the diagram
the global crisis. Personal Care, Tissue my and increased both sales and oper- shows, a long-term trend in which an ev-
and Forest Products all had a higher ope- ating profit during the first half of the er-growing share of SCA’s profit comes
rating profit than the fi rst six months of year. Hygiene operations accounted for from personal care products and tissue,
2008, when the economy was generally 60 percent of SCA’s total sales and 72 according to the company strategy.
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Die Innovation von Zewa:
Das weltweit erste
Papiertuch mit integriertem
Allzweckreiniger.
So einfach geht’s: