Sustainable Water Resource Management

in Singapore
Lau Yew Hoong
PUB, Singapore 1
 Country
Information

Singapore

Land Area 700 km2

Population 4.7 mil
Average Annual Rainfall 2,400 mm
1.6 mil m3/day
Average Water Demand (approx 600 Olympic size
swimming pools)
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 Sustainable water management
Water for All Conserve, Value, Enjoy

• Local catchment • Conserve Water

• Imported water (Johor) • Value Water
• NEWater • Enjoy Water
• Desalinated water

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 PUB manages the complete water cycle
From sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of used water and
turning it into NEWater, drainage of storm water

Rain Sea Treatment

of
Used Water

le U se
Indirect Potab

Direct Non-
Potable Use Collection
of
Used Water in
Sewers

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 Water from Local Catchment
MacRitchie Reservoir

Protected Punggol
Unprotected Catchment
Catchment Urban
Stormwater Kranji Reservoir

Collection
System

Legend

Unprotected Water Catchment

Protected Water Catchment

Proposed Water Catchment

Bedok Stormwater Pond

o Half of Singapore is already water catchment

o Catchment area will be increased from half to
two-thirds by 2011
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 3-in-1 Marina Barrage
Water supply Flood Control Lifestyle attraction

“Creating a reservoir in the

city centre of Singapore”

Marina Marina
Channel East

Marina
South
Sea

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 Creating a Reservoir in the City

Marina Barrage

7
New Lifestyle Attraction at Downtown

Marina Barrage

Formula One Boat Races

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 Key Features of the Marina Barrage

Boat Hoist Facility Structured Turf Green Roof

Sea
Solar Panels
Reservoir

Electrical Building

Crest Gates Drainage Pumps Exhibition Gallery/

F&B outlets

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Solar Panels at the Marina Barrage

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NEWater
Seletar
Kranji
5 mgd
9 mgd (Jan 2003)
2004

Changi
5th
NEWater
Plant to be
completed
in 2010

Bedok
6 mgd (Jan 2003)

Ulu Pandan
32 mgd
Mar 2007

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Collection of used water (100% sewered)

Kranji WRP

Seletar WRP

Kim Chuan WRP

Ulu Pandan WRP
Bedok WRP
Jurong WRP

Water Reclamation Plants

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 Used Water Treatment Schematic Flow Diagram
Vortex Grit Primary Settlement Aeration Final Settlement
Inlet Works Chamber Tank Tank Tank To
Sea

Fine
Screen
Grit Returned Activated
Coarse Inlet Primary Sludge
Screen Pump Sludge
Waste Activated
Sludge

Primary & Thickened

Sludge Thickening Thickening
Centrate Centrifuge
Bio (To Inlet Works)
Gas

Dewatering Dewatered
Centrifuge Sludge
Digester Storage Bin
Sludge dryer
(CWRP only)
Dewatering
Centrate
Dual Fuel (To Inlet Works)
Generator Disposal
Digested
Sludge

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Biogas collected from Anaerobic Digestion

- about 60% methane & 35% carbon dioxide

(5 % - other gases like H2S, Hydrocarbons, N2, etc)
(Calorific value of biogas – 21.8MJ/m3 )

- For in-plant power generation using dual fuel engine

generators (approx. 2 kWh/ m3 of biogas)

- Energy recovered is used to operate the air blowers or the

surface aerators (for aeration process)

- Energy recovered is about 18% to 22% of total energy

required to operate the WRP

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Desalinated Water
ƒ To augment and diversify our water
resources
ƒ SingSpring Pte. Ltd., under a 20 year DBOO
arrangement with PUB
ƒ One of the largest seawater RO plants
ƒ Supply 30 mgd for 20 years
ƒ Opened on 13 Sep 05

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 Sustainable water management
Water for All Conserve, Value, Enjoy

• Local catchment • Conserve Water

• Imported water (Johor) • Value Our Waters
• NEWater • Enjoy Our Waters
• Desalinated water

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Conserving our Waters
Water Demand Management
UFW Control Water Conservation

Network
Management
Pricing
Reflect the strategic
importance and
Strict
Measures Leakage
scarcity value of
Legislation To Control Control
water

UFW

Percentage
Water
10.0 Accurate
Metering
Conservation
9.0
8.0 Strategy
7.0
6.0 Voluntary Mandatory
5.0 4.4 Cut down on excessive
3P approach
4.0 flow and wastage of
3.0 Promote water
ownership of water
2.0
conservation
1.0
0.0

1990 2007
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Per Capita Consumption of water 9 Achieved:
Per capita domestic consumption fell to
180
158 litres per day in 2006.
176

9 New target:
P er C ap ita D o m estic Co n su m p tio n (lit/d ay )

175
172
170 170 To further lower to 155 litres per day by
170 2012
166
165 165 165 165 165
165 9 Policies and programmes to achieve
162 target
160
160 ™ Water Efficient Labeling Scheme
158
™ Mandatory installation of dual-flush
low-capacity flushing cisterns
155
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ™ 10-Litre Challenge
™ Water Volunteers Group

The total % of Singapore’s unaccounted for water has

decreased from 9.5% in 1990 to 4.7% in 2005.
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Valuing and Enjoying our Waters

ABC Water TV Show

Introduced on Channel 8
2007

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The Blue Map of Singapore
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 ABC Waters Programme
ABC Waters Programme is about:
A. ACTIVE
New recreational spaces
B. BEAUTIFUL
Integration of waters with urban landscape
C. CLEAN
Improved water quality

“… Turn Singapore into a city of gardens and water”

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong,
At ABC Waters Public Exhibition Opening
(Feb 07)
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 Existing
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Kolam Ayer Project - Before
 Existing

ProposedProposed

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Kolam Ayer Project - After
Reaching out to the young
• PURE, a lifestyle street magazine on
water was launched to reach out to the
youth and get them interested in water
issues

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Enjoy Water
™ Cultivate a strong sense of bonding
and ownership of water through water-
based activities

Through the opening up of our reservoirs,

waterways & encouraging recreational use
of them

- Kayaking centres at MacRitchie, Bedok, Lower

Seletar Reservoirs, Jurong Lake etc
- Upgrading of facilities at MacRitchie and Bedok
Reservoirs

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Singapore International Water Week
• The global platform for water solutions

• Brings policymakers, industry leaders, experts and practitioners

together to address challenges, showcase technologies, discover
opportunities and celebrate achievements in the water world

• Five pillar events: Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize, Water Leaders
Summit, Water Convention, Water Expo and Business Forums

• Water Week 2008

– More than 8500 delegates and trade visitors from 79 countries
– Deals totalling more than US$270 million

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27
Thank You

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