HAZARDOUS WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Presented by:
Rahul Pratap Chaudhary(08ME01033)
Anurag Samantaray (08ME01018)
K.Vamshi Krishna (08ME01026)
What is a hazardous Waste?
 Potentially hazardous to human health.
 Cannot be disposed off by common
means.
 Requires special disposable techniques
to reduce it.
Types:
 Characteristic Hazardous wastes

1.Ignitablility(flammability)
2.Corrosive
3.Reactivity
4.Toxic(Poison)
Types contd:
 Listed Hazardous waste based on specific
source or process , no tests required.

 The F-List (non specific sources)

 The K-List (Specific sources)
 The P-List (Acutely hazardous)
 The U-List (Hazardous)

The P-list and U-list are

basically Discarded waste.
 Ignitability

A waste exhibits the characteristic of

Ignitability (flammability) if it:
 has a flash point less than 60°C (140°F).
 is a solid capable of causing fire through
friction, absorption of moisture/water or
spontaneous chemical change.
 is an ignitable compressed gas.
Ex: waste oil and used solvents
 Corrosive
 Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pH
less than or equal to 2, or greater than
or equal to 12.5) that are capable of
corroding metal containers, such as
storage tanks, drums, and barrels.

Ex: Battery acid

 Reactivity

 Normally unstable.
 Reacts violently with water/moisture.
 Forms an explosive mixture with water.
 Generates toxic gases when mixed with
water.
Ex: Lithium-sulfur batteries and
explosives
 Toxicity

 Toxic wastes are those containing

concentrations of certain substances in
excess of regulatory thresholds which
are expected to cause injury or illness to
human health or the environment.

Ex: plate processing chemicals and

waste fixer
 Universal Hazardous waste
 Universal wastes are a specific type of
hazardous waste generated by
manufacturing industries, commercial
properties, hospitals, auto shops and in
the application of pesticides/herbicides.
 Sources
 Industries – Largest source.
 Petroleum – oils, grease, suspended
solids, etc.
 Chemical – acids, bases, organic carbon
and nitrogen.
 Pulp and paper – wood fibers, dioxins,
furans.
 Consumers – paints, solvents, batteries,
pesticides.
 Harmful effects of hazardous
wastes:
 Health effects from exposure to hazardous waste
can include:
a. Cancer
b. Birth defects
c. Genetic mutations

 Living in proximity to a poorly maintained landfill or

hazardous waste site can cause serious health
effects, especially in children.

 Some researchers have determined that the

overall risk of birth defects may be increased
slightly by living close to a hazardous waste site.
 Contd:
 Exposure to harmful chemicals can come from:

 Air - Toxic chemicals from the soil can be vaporized in

areas such as basements, causing high concentrations of
hazardous chemical gases in the home.

 Groundwater - If harmful chemicals are present in the soil

surrounding a water supply, they can seep into the water
supply and cause harmful effects, even in small amounts.

 Soil - If a former landfill or waste site is developed as

commercial or residential property without going through
the proper abatement/remediation measures, soil can
remain contaminated long after waste dumping has
ceased.
Why Hazardous Waste Management?
 it is required in order to reduce the
effects of the hazardous wastes.
 But this obvious answer didn’t come
into our minds until 1989 when the
first set of Hazardous waste
management rules(HWM) came into
force in India.
 So, we are in an urgent need of this
type of managements to preserve
natural resources.
Management
 Storage
 Treatment
 Disposal
Storage
 Temporary containment of waste.
 Done for transport or treatment/disposal.
 Environment and health hazardous can
rise.
Details for storage
 Adequate storage volume should be
available.
 Conveniently located containers.
 Segregating hazardous waste (important
for radioactive wastes).
 Treatment and disposal should be
carried out efficiently.
Treatment:
 Recycling
 Solidification/stabilization
 Recycling:

 Many HWs can be recycled into new products.

Examples - lead-acid batteries or electronic circuit

boards where the heavy metals can be recovered
and used in new products.

The most common consumer products recycled

include aluminium beverage cans ,steel food and
aerosol cans, HDPE and PET bottles , glass
bottles etc.
Solidification/Stabilization
 Most unique application of cement in
waste management.
 Portland cement is mixed into waste to
make it more solid.
 Reduce the toxicity and solubility.
 Make industrial waste safe
for land disposal.
 Disposal
 Neutralization
 Incineration ,destruction
 Hazardous waste landfill
 Pyrolysis
 Plasma gasification
Neutralization
 Some HW can be neutralized so that the
hazardous component of the waste is
eliminated: making it a non-hazardous
waste.

Example - a corrosive acid that is

neutralized with a basic substance so
that it is no-longer corrosive.
Incineration , destruction and waste
to energy

 Involves combustion of organic

substances contained in waste material.
 Ash formed due to inorganic
constituents is carried off by flue gas.
 Flue gas is cleaned/treated before
releasing it into the atmosphere.
 Heat generated used for electric power.
Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering &
isolation):
 Landfill – mostly in deserted pits and
mining voids.
 Hygienic and inexpensive.
 Containing faeces, keeping vermin and
rats at bay.
 Extraction of landfill gas due through
perforated pipes.
Pyrolysis:
 Some hazardous waste types may be
eliminated using pyrolysis in an ultra high
temperature electrical arc, in inert
conditions to avoid combustion.

 This treatment method may be preferable

to high temperature incineration in some
circumstances such as in the destruction of
concentrated organic waste types,
including PCBs, pesticides and other
persistent organic pollutants.
Pyrolysis
Plasma Gasification:
 Self-sustaining and converts garbage into
electricity.
 High voltage passed between two
electrodes to create high intensity arc.
 Garbage is shreded and placed into plasma
chamber.
 Byproducts - a glass-like substance used
as raw materials for high-strength asphalt
or household tiles and "syngas".
 Syngas as a fuel.
Radioactive waste Management
 The amount of radioactive wastes is very small relative
to wastes produced by fossil fuel for electricity
generation.

 But even a small amount of this waste can really be

harmful.

 The radio active wastes are classified as:

1. Very low level waste

2. Low-level waste
3. Intermediate-level waste
4. High-level waste.
contd…
 The high-level waste is particularly a rich
source a energy which can be tapped.
 Some more methods for radioactive waste
management are –

• Vitrification
• Geologic disposal
• Transmutation
• Re-use of waste
• Space disposal
Vitrification
 Long-term storage of radioactive waste.
 stabilization of the waste into a form
which will neither react nor degrade for
extended periods of time.
 Geologic disposal -
The process of selecting appropriate deep
final repositories for high level waste.

 Transmutation -
the conversion of one chemical element or
isotope into another less harmful element.
 Re-use of waste -
A option to find applications for the
isotopes in nuclear waste so as to re-use
them.

 Space disposal -
it permanently removes nuclear waste from
the environment but It may cause
catastrophic failure of a launch vehicle
which would spread radioactive material
into the atmosphere and around the world.
thank you