Need – flipcharts for watsan

logframe indicators, Presenter notes.

Handouts – Prepared handout,
Project Cycle Mgmt Toolkit Handout
10 & 13 Pages 54, 55, 58, 59,
Watsan Logframe

What is M

Monitoring is collecting r
M&E Development
and the Project
WhatProjec
Cycle
is E
.. And to demonstrate it to donors
and others progress of a projec
Planning 4 It is used to track pro
make informed decis
Why
 What ?
is M&E Evaluation
Some measur
Oth
So
projects and the effic
 Monitoring activities have
and is also called
Monitoring
o Types of monitoring Impact: any Objecti
effect
Monitoring
Uses Of M and
& E Evaluatio
M&E Plan
looks at the
o Working with Indicatorso including
How well
impleme
how much the
huma
has
to the project. the
scie
o Data sources o animals,
How muchsoil,
does aim
 M&E Plans shouldWhat
include..
is an
This is done at the planning stage,
so if the project proposal is already
accepted then these are set, but
than can be changed (with
agreement).

 assumptions regarding context, activities, and goa


M&E What
 Secondly,
No detail – go on to next 3 slides is
ananin
relationships between activities, targets, and outc
It measures
 description of measures and operational the
definition
(indicators and metrics), with  meaningful
baseline values, uni
 What is an Indicator
M&E looks How
at progress? many
against
monitoring schedule, data sources,
Finally,
the
andand
past M&E
an indic
This is often expressed as.. (go to
reso
future
INDICATORS in the logframe
aspect of a pro
next slide)

estimates
 partnerships and collaborations This
This is usually
aspect
required ma
to achiev
What is an Indicator
A good
? in
 an appropriate
a
So the first step for good M&E
results
 number.
is choice
overarching ob
at least one for
a variable …
indicators narrowly
 specific attention to periodic evaluation, withdefine
resou
 Good Indic
Good Indicators
Validity
 Valid
 Reliable
 Precise  The indicator m
to measure
 Independent
 Timely
 Eg a national census figure would be
no good if it takes place only every 5
years

Good Indicators Good Indic

Reliability Comparab

Good Indicators Additional
The indicator minimises measurement e
Precise Definition Indicator S
Directional – if you ask only ‘what is
the increase’ you may miss a

repeatable
decrease
Dimensional – ‘what colour shirt’

 With other simi

gives an array of answers, ‘how

Good Indicators
bright is the shirt’ gives a linear

Types of measurement error

progression
Discrete – scientific repeatable type

Types of I
of measure

 Assists in unde
Independence
 Sampling Error - causedbyData observing
Next slide for example

a
availabilit
different popula
 Is defined
sample in clear
instead terms
of the whole population
Good Indicators approaches
Quantitative - an actual num
o What you measure 
and
 Non-Sampling Error – all other
Resources
how Typeserrors of I
Timeliness
 Not directional – can be positive OR
Qualitative
 Program - descriptive
needsobs
 If “all births” how do you measure
that – are they reported
If all HIV+ how do you get the figure
if they are not all diagnosed?

Qualitative is Quantitative?
Setting up
Indicators
Indicators
of What ?of Wha
For example:
Shows what goesCoverage
You
in to providing
Shows
need
a service
to be
what proportion
car
- the resourc
of p
Inputs Coverage
A qualitative indicator
used, e.g. could
receive define e.g. the
be“most
a service, metric
village
• Amount spent on • Proportion
travel per week
of all orphans receiving v
women feel they have
• Home care supplies
a voice
e.g.of“the
• Proportion
purchased schools
at meeting
percentage
per monthwith an AIDS
Exercise
•[ Wages,
but how do
allowances you
• Proportionknow this?
prepartum
and incentives
of commercial
paid ] AZT
farms witht
• Production costsprogrammes
for brochures and posters
So this could be quantitative:
Performance isShows
it provided,
– how
‘% well
ofe.g.thos
someth
Activity or Performance
Shows what a service has done or
“the percentage
Output Setting
Water and ofof
up
Sanitation
• Number women
an
• Number
brochures ofsurveyed
Indicator
Project people reporting
health care syst
produced who theysa
are
training workshop
• Number of condoms distributed
they have a voice• Number at meetings
of reported ” cases ofSTIs
• Number of home care visits is it – ‘% of reco
 Setting up an Indicator

In many cases, indicators need to have defini

of the terms used.
 For instance, let’s look at the indicator:‘number of antena
care (ANC) providers trained’. If this indicator is used by a
program, definitions need to be included.
 Providers would need to be defined,e.g
‘any worker providing direct clinical services to clients se
ANC at a public health facility’.
For this indicator then, providers would not include those
working in private facilities.
 Trained would also need to be defined, perhaps as‘those
who attended every day of a five-day training course and