CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION

1. The equations of motion provides a useful means of predicting information about an object’s motion in a straight line. The
equation which describe an object’s motion is given by the equation below
s = ut + ½ at2
where s is displacement, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration and t is time.
(a) (i) What is meant by base quantity ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………….. [1 mark]
(ii) What is the base unit for acceleration?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Based on the equation, give one example of
Base quantity Derived quantity

Scalar quantity Vector quantity

2. Ali walks to the north for a distance of 300 m. He then turns west and walks for another distance of 400 m to reach Pak
Kassim’s stall. Diagram 1 shows the path taken by Ali.

(a) Distance is a ………

Tick (√) the correct answer in the box below.
Scalar quantity Vector quantity [1 mark]
(b) On Diagram 1, mark an arrow to show the displacement made by Ali [1 mark]
(c) What is the total distance travelled by Ali?

[1 mark]
(d) Ali then walks home for another distance of 500 m. What is the total displacement made by

[1 mark]

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3. Diagram 1 shows a ticker tape produced when a trolley move along an inclined runway.
ru

(a) Complete the sentence below by ticking ( ) the correct box.

The type of current used for ticker timer
Alternating current Direct current [1 mark]

(b) On diagram 1 mark ‘X’ to show one tick. [1 mark]

(c) Based on Diagram 1 determine
ine the velocity of the trolley?

[2 marks]
4. time graph that represents the motion of an object.
Figure 1 shows a velocity-time

(a) Based on Figure 1,

(i) State the manipulated variable
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. [1 mark]
(ii) What is the relationship between velocity and time?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(b) Based on the scale value on the time axis,
(i) Name measuring instrument used
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) What is the accuracy of the measuring instrument?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

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 time graph for the motion of a runner who is running along a straight line.
5. Diagram 1.1 shows the distance-time
ss/ /mm

25
20
B C
15

10

5
A
0 tt // ss
5 10
DIAGRAM 1.1
(a) Based on Diagram 1.1, what is the distance travelled by the runner after 10 s?
...………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(b) What physical quantity is given by the gradient of the graph in Diagram 1.1?
…...………..……………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Describe the motion of the runner,
(i) from A to B …………………..…………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) from B to C …………………………..………………………
[1 mark]
6. Diagram 1 shows
ws the graph of velocity against time for the motion of a car.

Diagram 1
(a) State the physical quantity represented by
(i) the gradient of the graph.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) the area under the graph.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… [1 mark]
(b) Complete the table below.
Section of the graph Type of motion of the car
OA
AB
[2 marks]

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7. Diagram 3.1 shows a velocity-time
time graph for a toy car.

Diagram 3.1
(a) What is meant by velocity?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………….
(b) On Diagram 3.1 mark with R a region with zero acceleration. [1 mark]
(c) Based from Diagram 3.1 , Calculate
(i) The acceleration of the car.

[ 2 marks]
(ii) Displacement made by the toy car in 20 seconds
[2 marks]

8. Diagram 3.1 shows a car driven by a kidnapper has overtook a police car at 2.00 p.m. The police car then followed the
kidnapper’s car. Diagram 3.2 shows a velocity against time graph for both cars.

(a) Based on graph in Diagram 3.2, state the motion of the

(i) kidnapper’s car: ………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark ]
(ii) police car : ……………………….....................
………………………...................................................... [ 1 mark ]

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 (b) (i) What is the net force acting on the police car after 2.01 p.m?
........................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
............................................. [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (b)(i).
.................................................................................................... .................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ]
(c) Sketch a displacement against time graph of the police car.

[ 2 marks ]
9. A child and an adult each sits on similar swings as
a shown in Diagram 3.

Diagram 3
a) If they are given a push, which one of them is more difficult?
i) to be moved?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ( 1 mark )
ii) to stop?
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark )
iii) Give reason to your answers in (a)(i) and (ii)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… ( 1 mark )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) i)The property
operty in which a body resists change from its state of rest or motion is known as inertia.
Based on your answer in (a) state the relationship between the inertia and mass.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..……….( 1 mark )

ii) Why does a supertanker needs to stop its engine over a distance of about 3 k m before it can finally come to a stop.
………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 2 marks )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………(
iii) Give one positive effect of inertia
...................................................................................................................…………………………….……………………(
………………….................................................................. …………………………….……………………( 1 mark )

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 -1
10. Diagram 2.1 shows a car and a lorry which has different mass approaching a zebra crossing with same velocity 15 m s .

Diagram 2.1
When the driver in the vehicles saw Siti walking across the zebra crossing, they applied the brake at the same time until the
vehicles came to a complete stop.
(a) What is meant by mass ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Between the car and the lorry in Diagram 2.1, which first came to a complete stop?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give one reason for your answer in (b) (i).
..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]
..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) If the lorry had traveled a distance of 375 m before it came to a stop, calculate the deceleration when the brake was
applied until it stops.
[2 marks ]

11. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two pieces of plasticine are attached to two similar hacksaw blades of the same length.
The two plasticine then are set to oscillate. The frequency of oscillations for both plasticine is determine as shown in Diagram
5.1 and Diagram 5.2.

Frequency = 15 Hz Frequency = 5 Hz

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

(a) What is the meaning of frequency?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2;
(i) Compare the mass of the two plasticines.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [1 mark]
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 (ii) Compare the frequency of oscillation of the two plasticines.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(iii) Relate the mass and the frequency of oscillation of the two plasticines
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(c) Name a physics concept involved
olved in these situations.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) What happen to the frequency of oscillations when the length of the hacksaw blade clamped is shorter?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(e) The time taken for 20 complete oscillations of the plasticine is 10 seconds. Calculate the period of oscillations.

[2 marks]
12. Diagram 3 shows a diagram of stroboscopic photographs of a moving toy car.

(a) Explain the type of motion from A to B and from B to C shown by the car in Diagram 3.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) What is the acceleration of the toy car from A to B? Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Distance from A to B is 6 meter and the toy car took 20 seconds to reach B. the mass of the toy car is 0.5 kg.
(i) Calculate the velocity of toy car from A to B

[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the momentum of the toy car.

[2 marks]

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13. Diagram 2 shows a softball moving with high momentum.

(a) What is meant by momentum?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark]
-1
(b) Calculate the momentum of the softball if the mass of the ball is 80g and its velocity is 100 m s .

[ 2 marks]
(c) If the mass of the ball is increases but its momentum remains unchanged, how does its velocity change?.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Using the concept of force, explain why the player needs to wear a glove to catch a fast-moving
fast moving softball.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Diagram 3.1 shows a cheetah chasing a deer in a wild world. Given that the mass and velocity of the cheetah and the deer are
-1 -1
60 kg , 20 m s and 70 kg , 15 m s respectively. Diagram 3.2 shows the cheetah successfully landed it’s jaws on the deer and
a
-1
both of them are moving with a same velocity of v m s .

(a)) Name a physics quantity that relates the mass and velocity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………[1
………………………………………………[1 mark]
(b) State the type of energy that is possessed by the running cheetah.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………..…………………………….[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
(c)) Calculate the final velocity of the cheetah and the deer.

[2 marks]
(d)) (i) Name the Physics principle that is involved in the above hunting.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
(ii) Define the Physics principle that you mention in (d)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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15. Diagram 3.1 shows a lorry of mass 1200 kg moving at the speed of 30 m/s collides with a car of mass 1000 kg which is
travelling in the opposite direction at 20 m/s. After the collision, the two vehicles move together.

(a) State the type of collision involved in this accident.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………[1
(b) Calculate the velocity, v of both vehicles immediately after collision.

[2 marks]
(c) The driver of the car is thrown forward during the collision. State the physics concept involved.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

16. Diagram 2 shows a watermelon fall off a table and drop on to the floor surface. The watermelon of mass 1.5 kg experienced
the change of momentum while falling.

(a) What is the meaning of momentum?

…………………………………………………………..
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
-1
(b) Velocity of the watermelon when hitting the floor surface is 2 m s . Calculate the momentum of the watermelon at the
moment.

[2 marks]
(c) (i) Mark with a (√) for the correct statement about the impact time between the watermelon and the floor surface.
The impact time is longer

The impact time is shorter

(ii) Why the watermelon is broken when hitting the floor
floo surface?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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17. Diagram 5.1 shows a clown throwing two basketballs of the same mass towards a wall. Ball A is hard while ball B is soft due
to insufficient pressure. Diagram 5.2 shows
ows the condition of the balls when they hit the wall. It was noticed that ball A is
rebounded with a higher velocity than ball B.

(a) What is meant by momentum?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………. [1 mark]
ma
(b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and 5.2.
(i)Compare the shape of the basketballs before and after they collide with the wall.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(ii) Relate the changes in velocity of the basketball and its hardness, to explain the observations in b (i).
…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
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(c) The mass of a basketball is 0.5 kg moving at 9 ms strikes a wall. The ball rebounds at 6 ms . Determine the impulse on the
ball.

[2 marks]

(d) List two of the safety features that are installed in a car to reduce injuries in an event of an accident.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

18. Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 show two watermelons fall off a table and drop on to surface A and surface B respectively.
respecti

(a). What is meant by impulse?

…………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) With reference to Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,
(i) Compare the force on the watermelons that strike on Surface A and Surface B.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

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 (ii) Compare the time of impact of the watermelons on Surface A and Surface B.
……………………………………………………………………...................................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………….............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................ ....................................................................................... [1 mark]
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time of impact.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(c) Mark with a (√√ ) for the correct statement about the change of momentum of the watermelons in both situations above.
The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1 is greater than that of the watermelon in Diagram 5.2.

The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 5.2 is greater than that of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1.

m of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1 is equal to that of the watermelon in Diagram 5.2.
The change of momentum

(d) Suggest a suitable material for surface B.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e)

By referring to the Diagram 5.3, explain how the driver is able to avoid serious injuries when the car stopped suddenly.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

19. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two eggs released from the same height and drop on to Surface A and Surface B
respectively.
Egg Egg

Does not Breaks

break

Surface A Surface B
DIAGRAM 5.1 DIAGRAM 5.2
(a) What is meant by impulse?
.........…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
.........……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) With reference to Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2;
(i) Compare the force on the eggs that strike Surface A and Surface B.
.................…………………………………………………
...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
.......................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
..........................................................................................................................................................................

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 (ii) Compare the time of impact of the eggs on Surface A and Surface B.
.....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. [1 mark]
(iii) Compare the change in momentum of the eggs in both situations.
....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………… [1 mark]
(iv) State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time of impact.
.....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………… mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………[1
(v) Suggest a suitable material for Surface
Surfa A.
.....................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
.....................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Diagram 5.3 shows a pile hammer used in driving a pile into the ground at a construction site.

Pile hammer

Pile

DIAGRAM 5.3
Explain how a large force is produced by the pile hammer in driving the pile into the ground.
……………..………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………..………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. Diagram 2 shows a boy jumping from a high position

Diagram 2
a) i) What will the boy do before reaching the floor?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………( 1 mark )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Give a reason for (a)(i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ( 2 marks )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
−1
b) The mass of the boy is 60 kg . His velocity upon
up reaching the floor is 5 ms and he stops in 0.3 s.
Calculate the impulsive force exerted on the boy.

(3 marks)

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21. Diagram 7.1(a) shows Ali kicking a football and diagram 7.1(b) shows Ali kicking a rock.

Diagram 7.1
(i) Define impulsive force.
…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
-1
(ii) The ball in diagram 7.1(a) has a mass of 1.5 kg. When Ali kicks the ball, it moves from rest to 20 ms . Calculate the
impulsive
ive force that Ali exerted on the ball.

[2 marks]
(iii) The rock diagram 7.1(b) has the same mass with the ball 1.5 kg. When Ali kicks the rock, it moves from rest to the same
-1
velocity as the ball 20 ms . However due to the rigidity of the rock, the time which Ali’s foot is in contact with the rock is
only 0.02 s. Calculate the impulsive force that Ali exerted on the rock.

[2 marks]
(iv) Compare the time of impact in diagram 7.1(a) with diagram 7.1(b).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) Compare the impulsive force in diagram 7.1(a) with diagram 7.1(b).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
(vi) Compare the pain experience by Ali in diagram 7.1(a) with diagram 7.1(b).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(vii) Based on your answers in (d), (e) and (f), state the relationship between time of impact, impulsive force and pain
experienced by Ali.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
(viii) Suggest one way how Ali could reduce his pain in diagram 7.1(b).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

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22. Diagram 2.1 shows the graph of velocity against from the test drive of a new car carrying four passengers.

Diagram 2.1
(a) (i) What is meant by acceleration?.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. [ 1 marks]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) On the graph in Diagram 2.1, mark the point X where the acceleration of the car begins to decrease. [ 1 mark]
(b) Calculate the distance traveled by car from t= 3s to t=5 s.

[ 2 marks]
(c) Sketch in Diagram 2.1, the graph that will be obtained if the car is tested again without any passengers.
passen [ 1 mark]

23. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two coconut tree, one by the roadside and the other by the beach. A coconut from each
tree falls from the same height and lands on the ground.

(a) (i) Name one force that is acting on the coconut during the fall.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………… [ 1 mark]
(ii) Name the type of motion of the coconut when it drops from the tree.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 marks]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, compare
(i) the force on the coconut that landed on the road and that landed on the beach.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..[
……………………………………………………………………………..[ 1mark]

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 (ii) The change in a momentum
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[
(iii) The time of impact
ct of the coconuts on the road and on the beach.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Based on your answers in (b)(i) and (b)(iii), state the relationship
relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time
of impact.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark]
(d) Name the force that results from a collisions
col as shown in both diagrams.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………..[ 1mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………..[
(e) Give one field event in sport that involves the force mentioned in (d).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[
……………………………………………..[ 1 mark]

24. Diagram 2(a) shows the rocket used to send the capsule, Soyul into the outer space and Diagram 2(b) shows the capsule,
Soyul is returning to the Earth.

(a) What causes the apparent weight of Dr Syeikh increases tremendously when the rocket takes off?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
-2
(b) Show the formula that can be used to calculate the apparent weight of Dr Syeikh if the acceleration of the rocket is a ms
and the mass of Dr Syeikh is m kg.

[1 mark]
(c) The rocket is constructed in multi-stages.
stages. Each stage consist a combustion chamber and fuel. State the purpose to have
multi-stage.
stage. State the principle used to achieve higher acceleration.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]
(d) From the aspect of direction, identify and state the difference between the apparent weight acted on Dr Syeikh when the
capsule return to the earth.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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25. Diagram 3.1 shows a feather and a plastic ball release from the same height.

The velocity-time
time graph for the two object is shown in figure 3.2.

(a) Name two forces acting on the feather and the plastic ball.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………..………………………. [2 marks]
(b) Using the graph in diagram 3.2,
(i) Explain the motion of both objects.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………..
…………………………………….. [1 mark]
(ii) State which object will
ill reach the ground first.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………… [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Explain your answer in (b)(ii).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) The feather and the plastic ball are now dropped
dropped in a vacuum. Compare the motion of the two objects?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………….…………………… [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

26. Diagram 7.1 and 7.2 show two actions on landing activity by two athletes.

(a) Both athletes jumped from the same height and fall on the same ground.
(i) Name the forces that causes the athlete to fall down.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the name of the phenomenon given to (a)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………
…………………………………………….. [1 mark]

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 (b) (i) Compare the impact on the athletes during the landing.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. [1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a set of playing equipment to be placed in children playground.

By referring to Diagram 7.3.

(i) Explain one modification to the set of the equipment so that it is safer for the kindergarten.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]
(ii) Describe
scribe a property for the playground base and explain how it can avoid from serious injury.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
27. Diagram 5.1 shows the movement of the box from point P to point Q when it is pulled by a worker . The time for movement
from the point P to the point Q is measured using by a stopwatch.
stopwatch Diagram 5.2 shows the pointer of stopwatch when the box
is at point P and at point Q respectively.

DIAGRAM 5.1
Diagram 5.3 shows the movement of the box from point P to point Q when it is pulled by two workers . The time for movement
from the point P to the point Q is measured by using a stopwatch. Diagram 5.4 shows the pointer of stopwatch when the box is at
point P and at point Q respectively.

Box

DIAGRAM 5.3

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 ( a ) Name one force which acting to the box.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….….. [ 1 mark]
( b ) Observe Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.3,
5.3 Compare the force of the worker that exerted on the box.
………………………………………………………………………….... ..............................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark ]
..................................................................................................................................................
( c ) Observe Diagram 5.2 and 5.4, Compare the time taken to move the box between point P and Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]
( d ) Based on the answer (c ), compare the acceleration of the box.
…………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ]
.......................................................................................................................................................................
(e ) ( i ) Based on answer 5 (b) and 5 (d), state the relationship between the force of the worker and acceleration of the box.
……………………………………………………………................
…………………………………………………………….....................................................................................................................................
..............................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark ]
.................................................................................................................................................................................
( ii ) State the law involved.
…………………………………………………………………...…...................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ]
…………………………………………………………………...…......................................................................................................
( f ) ( i ) Based on Diagram 5.3 ,what happens to the acceleration of the box if the box of bigger mass is used ?
………………………………………………............................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark ]
……………………………………………….............................................................................................................................
( ii ) Give one reason for your answer in ( f )( i ).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]

28. Diagram 8.1and Diagram 8.2 show a weightlifter is making trial to determine the suitable method to lift a load of mass 60
kg for longer time.

DIAGRAM 8.1 DIAGRAM 8.2

(a) What is meant by equilibrium state?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b). What is the weight of the load?

[2 marks]

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(c) In the space below, draw the scale drawing of the triangle of forces to determine the value of T1. [Use the scale 1 cm : 10N]

[3 marks]
(d) Calculate the tension T2 in Diagram 8.2

[2 marks]

(e) Based on the answer in (c ) and (d), state the suitable way to lift the load for a long time. Give one reason for your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(f) If the weightlifter let go the load, calculate the final velocity of the load before it touches the surface of the ground.

[2 marks]

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29. Diagram 1 shows an aeroplane flying horizontally with a constant velocity. P and Q are two forces which maintain the
aeroplane at constant altitude.

(a). Name the forces P and Q.

P: …………………………………………………………………………...
Q: ………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]
(b). Write equation to show the relationship between P and Q.
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….… [1 mark]
(c) Which of the forces is caused by the Bernoulli's effect?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

30. Diagram 3.1 shows a pendulum bob of mass 0.6 kg is hung on the ceiling.

Diagram 3.1
a). In the diagram 3.1, mark the direction and label the forces acting on the thread and the pendulum bob with label P and Q.
[2 marks]
0
b). The thread is pulled sideway by a force F , so
s that the thread makes an angle of 30 with the vertical line as shown in diagram 3.2

.
Diagram 3.2
(i) In the space below, draw the triangle of forces to show the three forces P , Q and F are in equilibrium.
[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the force F

[2 marks]

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31. iagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two situations of action and reaction of forces F1 and F2, F3and F4. The rope in Diagram 5.1
-1
remains stationary while the car in Diagram 5.2 moves at uniform velocity of 20 ms .

(a) Name the force.

F1: …………………………………………………………..
……………………..………
F2: …………………………………………………………………..
………….. [1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on Diagram 5.1, Compare the forces of F1 and F2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………[1
……………………………………………………[1mark]
(ii) State a similarity between the pairs of forces F1 and F2 on Diagram 5.1 and forces of F3and F4 on Diagram 5.2,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) (i) Based on Diagram 5.1, what is the net force exerted on the rope?
………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………......................... [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………….........................
(ii) Compare the net force exerted in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2
....................................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
..................................................................................................................................................................................
(d) Based on your answers in (c)(i) and (c)(ii) , relate the situations
situations in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 to the net force.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
……..……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Name the phenomenon shown
wn in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.
.............................………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
.............................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. Diagram 4 shows Nadia standing on a weighing scale in a lift with Farah standing beside her. The reading of the weighing
scale observed by Farah is 50 kg when the lift is stationary.

Diagram 4

(a) What is Nadia’s weight?

…………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1mark]
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) How is the reading of the weighing scale when the lift
(i) accelerates upward
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….…………………………………[1mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….…………………………………
(ii) accelerates downward
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… [1mark]

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 (iii) moves downward with constant velocity
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Give reasons for your answer in (b)(iii)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(d) If the reading of the weighing scalee in Diagram 4 is 46 kg, find the value of the acceleration of the lift.
[2 marks]

33. Diagram 3 shows a box of mass 43 kg on a ramp with 20° slope to horizontal. Frictional force exerted between the box with
the ramp is 147. N.

Diagram 3
(a) What is meant by frictional force?
........................................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
(b)(i) Calculate the weight of the box, W.

[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the resultant force, parallel to the ramp.

[2 marks]
(c) Based on your answer in (b), explain what happens to the motion of the box?
…………………………………………………………….………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

shirt that is hung on a clothes line.

34. Diagram 2 shows a mass of 0.8 kg T-shirt

(a) What is the base unit of the force?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………. [1 mark]

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 (b) Mark and label in Diagram 2,
(i) The tension force of the line, T, that acts on the clothes line when the T-shirt
T shirt is hung.
(ii) The weight of the T-shirt,
shirt, W. [2 marks]
(c) Using the concept of forces in equilibrium, calculate the tension force, T.

[2 marks]

35. Diagram 5.1 shows an airplane maintaining a steady and level flight under the influence of four forces. Diagram 5.2 shows an
load hanging from the middle of the string. T1 and T2 are tensions of the string and W is the weight of the load. The dotted
dot
line shows the resolved component of the tensions T1 and T2 .

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

(a) What is meant by weight?
……………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]
……………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,
(i) compare the forces acting on the airplane
vertically :………………..……………………………………………………
………………………………………………….
horizontally :………………..……………………………………………………………………….
:………………..…………………………… [2 marks]
(ii) compare the forces acting on the load.
……………………………..……………………………………….
vertically :………………..…………………………………..
horizontally :………………..…………………………..
………………………..…………………………………………. [2 marks]
(c) Compare the type of motion of the airplane and the object
………………...………..……………………………………………………………………………..…………………………...………………………………………… [1 mark ]
(d) Based on your answer in 5(b) and 5(c), relate the type of motion with the resultant forces acting on the aeroplane or on the load.
…………………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]
(e) Name the phenomenon shown in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.
……………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… [ 1 mark ]

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36. Diagram 4.1 shows a girl standing on weighing scale in a stationary lift. Diagram 4.2 shows the same girl in a lift which is
-2
accelerating upwards at 2 m s .

(a) Which of the two weighing scales shows the bigger reading?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(b) Name and label the two forces acting on the girl in Diagram 4.1 [2 marks]
(c) If the mass of the girl is 50 kg, what is the reading of the weighing scale in Diagram 4.1?

[1 mark]
(d) Calculate the reading of the weighing scale in Diagram 4.2.

[2 marks]
(e) If the cable of the lift in Diagram 4(b) snaps, what will be the reading of the weighing scale?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

37. Diagram
am 3 shows a boy extending the elastic rubber of a catapult.

(a) State the change of energy when the stone is released from the catapult.
…..……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… [1 mark ]
(b) What happens to the distance of movement of the stone when a bigger mass of stone is used ?
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark ]

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(c) The mass of the stone used is 0.02 kg. When the elastic rubber is extended
extende 0.2 m by a force of 10 N,
(i) calculate the stored potential energy in the elastic rubber ?
[ 2 marks ]

(ii) what is the velocity of the stone.

[2 marks ]

38. Diagram 4 shows a boy of mass 30 kg sitting on the top end of an inclined sliding board at a height of 2.5 m from the ground.
-1
Thee boy slides down the inclined board with the velocity of 4 ms before he touches the ground.

Diagram 4
(a) Name the energy gained by the boy at point P.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………. [1 mark]
(b) Calculate the energy consumes by the boy:
(i) At point P.

[2 marks]
(ii) At point Q.

[2 marks]
(c)(i)
c)(i) Compare the energy consumes in (b) (i) and (b) (ii).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..…… [1 mark]
(ii) State why there is a difference between the energy consumes in (b)(i) and (b)(ii).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

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39. Diagram 7 shows an electric motor lifting a 2.0 kg load. When the motor is switched on, the load moved through a height of
1.5 m in 2.5 s with constant speed. The current flowing in the circuit is 1.7 A and the potential difference across the motor is
10.0 V.

Diagram 7
(a) State the changes in energy that occur when the motor is switched on.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(b) Calculate,
(i) the electrical power supplied when the motor is lifting the load.

[2 marks]

(ii) the output power of the motor when the load moved through a height of 1.5 m in 2.5 s.

[2 marks]

(iii) the efficiency of the electric motor.

[2 marks]

(c) If some of the load is removed while the motor is still lifting the load, what change is observed on the ammeter?
Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
(d) Suggest one way to increase the efficiency of the motor.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… [1 mark]

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 40. Diagram 8 shows the graph of force against extension for three springs P, Q and R.

Diagram 8
(a) (i) A law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied if the elastic limit of the
spring is not exceeded. Name this law.
…...................................................................
…..............................................................................................................................................................
........................................ [1 mark]
(ii) On the graph in Diagram 8, mark ' X ' at the elastic limit for each spring. [2 marks]
(b) The spring
ing stores energy when it is extended.
(i) Name the energy stored in the spring when it is extended.
…............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
….......................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the energy stored in spring R when its extension is 8.0 cm.

[3 marks]

(c) The springs are to be used in a Newton balance to measure a maximum load of mass 8 kg.
(i) What is the maximum weight of the load?
…................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
….................................................................................................................................................................

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 (ii) Based on Diagram 8, choose two springs which are suitable to be used in the Newton
N balance specified above.
…............................................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]
…............................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Which spring is the most suitable to be used in the Newton balance? Explain your answer.
…...............................................................................................................................................................................
…...............................................................................................................................................................................
…......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
......................................... [2 marks]
41. Diagram 7.1 shows the position of two identical steel springs before and after a load is placed on it.

(a) State the energy stored in the spring when it is compressed.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(b) (i) What is the compression of spring in Diagram 7.1(b)?
……………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………................................................................................................
............................................................................ [1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the spring constant, k of the above spring. [ 2 marks]

(iii) Calculate the length, l in Diagram 7.1 (c)

[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 7.2 shows an arrangement of spring in a compression balance

Diagram 7.2
(i) State the relationship between compressions of the spring with the load in the balance.
......................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
.....................................................................................................................................................

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 (ii) What will happen to the spring when a heavier load is placed on the compression balance until the reading exceed
the scale on the balance?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) suggest two modifications that can be done to the compression balance so that it can measure load with a bigger
mass.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2

42. Diagram 7 shows a spring.

Diagram 7
(a) When a load is attached to the spring ;
(i) What happen to the length of the spring?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) What is the energy stored in the spring?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark]
(iii) If the number of load is increased, what will happen to the energy in a(ii)?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) The initial length of a spring is 15 cm. When a load with mass 300g
300g is attached to the spring, the length of the
spring is 21 cm. What is the length of the spring if a load with mass 500g is attached to the spring?

[ 3 marks]

(c) The spring in Diagram 7 is not suitable to be used as a spring cradle. Suggest modifications to be done based on the
characteristics given below.
(i) Arrangement of the springs
......................................................................................................
..........................................................................………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….[1 mark]
(ii) Reason
…………………………………………………………………........................................................................................
.…………………………………………… ..................................................................................... [1 mark]
(iii) Stiffness of the spring
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Reason
……………………………………………………………………................................................................................. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………….................................................................................

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