Statistical Office of the European Communities

Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

Statistics

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 1

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Production or

Cogeneration
• CHP typically has a high overall efficiency, even up to 80-90%
Í A considerable amount of primary energy can be saved by CHP
compared with separate heat and electricity generation
Í Promoting CHP can contribute substantially
– to increasing energy efficiency and
– to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases
• Involves simultaneous heat and electricity generation

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 2

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Reporting of CHP in Joint questionnaire on

Electricity and Heat
• All electricity generated in CHP plants is considered
CHP
• Heat sold to third parties reported as CHP heat
production
• Fuel input to CHP plants corresponding to heat sold
to third parties and to electricity generated

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 3

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Electricity (E)
Fuel (F) CHP
process
Heat (H)

Losses
Fe = F(E /( E + H ))
Fh = F(H /( E + H))

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 4

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Eurostat CHP Statistics

• Collected separately in projects funded in SAVE
programme
• Collected for years 1994, 1996-1998
– EU Member States (MS)
– CHP capacity & production by MS, type of cycle and fuel
• Separation of CHP in total generation of CHP plants,
if there is a non-CHP component
– district heating plants
– marginal CHP producers (for example 10MW heat and 300
MW electrical capacity)

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 5

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Energy flow in a CHP plant

Fuel Intermediate Turbine Heat Waste heat to

Fluid (& generator) exchanger environment
F
Electricity Useful heat

E H

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 6

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Energy flow in a CHP plant with a non-CHP

component

Fuel Intermediate Turbine

Fluid (& generator) Waste heat to
environment
F Heat
Electricity exchanger

E Useful heat
H
29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 7
Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Methodology for 2000 CHP statistics

collection
• Adopted by EU Member States in a Working
Group meeting in April 2001
• Requirements
• Method

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 8

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Requirements
• Accuracy
• Simplicity
• Objectivity
• Transparency
• Comparability across the EU

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 9

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Method (1)
• A compromise between requirements
– accuracy versus simplicity
• Separation of non-CHP and CHP
components difficult for
– units with variable heat / electrical load
– industrial producers with poor information on heat
production

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 10

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Method (2)
• Adopted method is solid, because
– measured values are used as much as possible
– methodology for calculations is transparent
– comparable data collection across the EU is enabled

• Definition of threshold for calculating CHP electricity

generation
– units where no calculations are needed
– units where CHP electricity generation is calculated

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 11

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Method (3)
• Based on method developed by Protermo Ltd
=> Average annual efficiency of the unit is used as
threshold
E + Q net
ηoverall =
F
Q net = Q tot − Q sup pl
F = Ftot − Fsup pl

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 12

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Method (4)
C riteria C H P electricity
generation, E C H P
η overall ≥ 75% E C H P = E gross
η overall < 75% E C H P = Q ⋅C
C – power-to -heat capacity ratio depending on the
type of the plant
• If efficiency of CHP is above 75%, CHP provides energy savings
compared with the best available alternative technologies (CCGT and
boiler)
• In initial Protermo method the threshold is higher, about 85%

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 13

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Method (5)
• Power to heat ratio
– electrical power / heat power in a fully CHP mode
– actual
– default values from Protermo:
Type of unit Default power to heat ratio, C
District heating Industrial
CCC – Combined cycle 0,95 0,75
CPC – Steam, backpressure turbine 0,45 0,30
CSC – Steam, condensing turbine 0,45 0,30
TGC – Gas turbine with heat recovery 0,55 0,40
CIC – Internal combustion engine 0,75 0,60

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 14

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris
 Statistical Office of the European Communities

Summary
• Eurostat uses a methodology where CHP electricity
generation is calculated from the total electricity
generation of CHP plants
• Eurostat methodology
– is based on method developed by Protermo Ltd
– has been adopted by the EU Member States for CHP
statistics collection for year 2000
– has a lower threshold efficiency than initial Protermo, which
• decreases the need for calculations
• increases the objectivity of the statistics

29 - 31 October 2001 Joint IEA/Eurostat Annual 15

Questionnaire Training Workshop, IEA,
Paris