A Level Mathematics

OCR ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE
IN MATHEMATICS (3840, 3841, 3842, 3843 and 3844)
OCR ADVANCED GCE

IN MATHEMATICS (7840, 7842 and 7844)
Specimen Question Papers and Mark Schemes
These specimen question papers and mark schemes are intended to accompany the OCR Advanced
Subsidiary GCE and Advanced GCE specifications in Mathematics for teaching from September
2000.
Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use.
The GCE awarding bodies have prepared new specifications to incorporate the range of features
required by new GCE and subject criteria. The specimen assessment material accompanying the new
specifications is provided to give centres a reasonable idea of the general shape and character of the
planned question papers in advance of the first operational examination.
Specimen Materials - Mathematics 1 © OCR 2000

CONTENTS
Advanced Subsidiary GCE
Unit 2631: Pure Mathematics 1 P1

Question Paper Page 5
Mark Scheme Page 9
Unit 2637: Mechanics 1 M1

Mark Scheme Page 57
Unit 2641: Probability and Statistics 1 S1

Mark Scheme Page 89
Unit 2645: Discrete Mathematics 1 D1

Mark Scheme Page 121
A2

Mark Scheme Page 17

Mark Scheme Page 25

Mark Scheme Page 33

Mark Scheme Page 41

Mark Scheme Page 49

A2 continued

Mark Scheme Page 65

Mark Scheme Page 73

Mark Scheme Page 81

Mark Scheme Page 97


Unit 2646: Discrete Mathematics 2 D2

Insert Page 133
Marking Instructions Page 143

Specimen Materials 4 © OCR 2000
Mathematics Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and Advanced Level
MATHEMATICS P1
Pure Mathematics 1
Additional materials:
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
TIME 1 hour 20 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer paper.
Answer all the questions.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, unless a different degree of
accuracy is specified in the question or is clearly appropriate.
You are permitted to use only a scientific calculator in this paper.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 60.
Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper, and questions carrying
larger numbers of marks later in the paper.
You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.
This question paper consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

1 (i) Write down the exact value of 7 − 2 . [1]
(x x )3
(ii) Simplify . [2]
2 x4
2 (i) Solve the simultaneous equations

y = x 2 − 3x + 2, y = 3x − 7. [4]
(ii) Interpret your solution to part (i) geometrically. [1]
3 The point A has coordinates (7, 4) . The straight lines with equations x + 3 y + 1 = 0 and 2x + 5 y = 0
intersect at the point B. Show that one of these two lines is perpendicular to AB. [6]
4 Show that the equation

15 cos 2 θ = 13 + sin θ
may be written as a quadratic equation in sin θ . [2]
Hence solve the equation, giving all values of θ such that 0 ° ≤ θ ≤ 360 ° . [5]
5 Sketch the graph of y = cos x ° , for values of x from 0 to 360. [1]
Sketch, on the same diagram, the graph of y = cos(x − 60)° . [2]
Use your diagram to solve the equation

cos x° = cos(x − 60)°
for values of x between 0 and 360. Indicate clearly on your diagram how the solutions relate to the graphs.
[3]
State how many values of x satisfying the equation

cos(10 x)° = cos(10 x − 60 )°
lie between 0 and 360. (You should explain your reasoning briefly, but no further detailed working or
sketching is necessary.) [2]

4
6 (i) Evaluate ∫0 x(4 − x) dx . [3]
(ii)
The diagram shows the curve y = x (4 − x ) , together with a straight line. This line cuts the curve at
the origin O and at the point P with x-coordinate k, where 0 < k < 4 .
(a) Show that the area of the shaded region, bounded by the line and the curve, is 16 k 3 . [4]
(b) Find, correct to 3 decimal places, the value of k for which the area of the shaded region is half of
the total area under the curve between x = 0 and x = 4 . [2]
7 A quadratic function is defined by

f( x) = x 2 + kx + 9 ,
where k is a constant. It is given that the equation f(x ) = 0 has two distinct real roots. Find the set of
values that k can take. [3]
For the case where k = −4 3 ,
(i) express f(x) in the form ( x + a )2 + b , stating the values of a and b, and hence write down the least
value taken by f(x) , [4]
(ii) solve the equation f(x ) = 0 , expressing your answer in terms of surds, simplified as far as possible. [3]
8 The equation of a curve is y = 6 x2 − x3 . Find the coordinates of the two stationary points on the curve,
and determine the nature of each of these stationary points. [6]
State the set of values of x for which 6 x 2 − x 3 is a decreasing function of x. [2]
The gradient at the point M on the curve is 12. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at M. [4]

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS P1
Pure Mathematics 1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
For live examinations, each Mark Scheme

includes the General Instructions for Marking
set out on pages 143 to 145.
This mark scheme consists of 4 printed pages.

1
1 (i) 49 B1 1 Correct value stated as final answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
( x x )3 x 42
(ii) = 4 M1 Power 3 × 1 12 or 3 + 1 12 in numerator
2x 4 2x
1
1 1
2
x 2 or 2
x A1 2 Or any equally simple equivalent
2 (i) EITHER : 3x − 7 = x 2 − 3x + 2 M1 Eliminate y to obtain an equation in x only

x 2 − 6x + 9 = 0 A1 Correct 3-term equation in x
x = 3 only A1 Obtained by any correct solution method
y = 2 only A1 If two values of x are found both y-values
must follow correctly
y + 7  y + 7 + 2
2
OR : y =   − 3  M1 Eliminate x to obtain an equation in y only
 3   3 
y2 − 4y + 4 = 0 A1 Correct 3-term equation in y
y = 2 only A1 Obtained by any correct solution method
x = 3 only A1 4 If two values of y are found both x-values
must follow correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The line y = 3x − 7 is the tangent to the curve
y = x 2 − 3 x + 2 at the point (3, 2) B1 1 For identifying tangency
3 Solve x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 2x + 5y = 0 simultaneously M1 Attempt soln and obtain at least one answer
x = 5, y = − 2 at B A1 Identify correct coordinates with B, either
explicitly or implicitly
4 − ( −2)
Gradient of AB is =3 A1 For simplified follow-through value
7 −5
Gradients of the lines are − 13 and − 25 B1 For either gradient correctly stated or used
Perpendicular lines require m1m2 = −1 M1 Any statement or use of the correct relation
AB is perpendicular to x + 3y + 1 = 0 A1 6 Correct use of 3 × − 13 = − 1 , or equivalent
4 15 (1 − sin 2 θ ) = 13 + sin θ M1 Attempted relevant use of sin 2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

15sin 2 θ + sin θ − 2 = 0 A1 2 Any correct 3-term form
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(5 sin θ + 2)( 3sin θ − 1) = 0 M1 Any recognisable solution method attempted
sin θ = − 25 or 1
3
A1 Both correct values
θ = 19 .5 °, 160 . 5°, 203 .6 °, 336 .4 ° A1 For any one correct value
A1 For a second correct value
A1 5 For both remaining values, and no others

5
B1 1 Correct y = cos x over (0, 360) ; ignore
anything outside this interval
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
M1 Translation parallel to the x-axis recognised
A1 2 For correct y = cos(x − 60) throughout
(0, 360) ; ignore anything outside this
interval
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indicate use of points of intersection on diagram B1 For identifying the points, not necessarily
the x-coordinates
x = 30 , 210 B1 For either correct value
B1 3 For second correct value and no others
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Graphs are ‘squashed’ ×10 in the x-direction M1 Or any equivalent method
There are 20 solutions A1 2 10 × their number of solutions above
6 (i) Expand to 4 x − x 2 and integrate M1 At least one integrated term with correct
power
[2x 2 − 13 x 3]04 A1 Correct indefinite integral
32 − 643
= 323
A1 3 Follow correct use of limits 4 and 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k
(ii) (a) ∫0 x(4 − x) dx = 2k 2 − 13 k 3 B1 Follow their earlier indefinite integral
Area of triangle = 12 × k × k (4 − k) M1 To include attempt at y-coordinate of P in

terms of k
= 2k −2 1 3
2
k A1 Correct simplified expression
Shaded area = 2k − 2 1 3
3
k − ( 2k −
2 1 3
2
k ) = 1 3
6
k A1 4 Given answer correctly obtained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) 16 k 3 = 12 × 32 3
M1 Using previous results correctly to form an
equation for k
k = 3 .175 A1 2 Correct 3dp value
7 k 2 > 4 × 1× 9 B1 Correct condition stated in any form

( k − 6)(k + 6) > 0 M1 Factorise or carry out other solution method
k < −6, k > 6 or k > 6 A1 3 Do not allow 6 < k < −6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) EITHER : ( x − 2 3) 2 + 9 − ( 2 3) 2 M1 May be implied by correct a and/or b
a = −2 3 A1
b = −3 A1
Least value of f( x) is −3 B1 Their value of b
OR : 2a = −4 3 and a 2 + b = 9 M1 Expand and equate at least one pair of coeffs

a = −2 3 A1
b = −3 A1
Least value of f( x) is −3 B1 4 Their value of b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Critical values where x − 2 3 = ± 3 M1 Or equivalent, via quadratic formula
x = 3 or 3 3 A1 For either critical value correctly obtained
A1 3 For completely correct answer; allow 27

dy
8 = 12 x − 3x2 B1 Correct derivative stated or used
dx
3x(4 − x) = 0 M1 Equate to zero and factorise, or equivalent
x = 0 and 4 A1
Stationary points are (0, 0) and ( 4, 32) A1
d2 y  + 12 when x = 0
= 12 − 6x =  M1 Or other correct alternative method
dx 2  − 12 when x = 4
(0, 0) is a minimum and ( 4, 32) is a maximum A1 6 Correct conclusion from correct working
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x < 0, x > 4 B1 Either interval stated
B1 2 Both intervals, and no others, correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dy
12x − 3x 2 = 12 M1 Equate to 12 and solve for x
dx
x=2 A1
Tangent passes through ( 2, 16) with gradient 12 M1 Use of straight line equation with numerical
gradient and numerical coordinates of M
y = 12x − 8 A1 4 Any correct equivalent 3-term form

MATHEMATICS P2
Pure Mathematics 2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
You are permitted to use a graphic calculator in this paper.

This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.

1 The cubic polynomial 3x 3 − 7 x 2 − 18 x − 8 is denoted by f(x) . Use the factor theorem to show that ( x + 1)
is a factor of f(x) . [2]
Hence factorise f(x) completely. [3]
2 Solve the inequality x − 100 < 10 . [2]
Hence find the set of integers n that satisfy the inequality

1.01n − 100 < 10 . [3]
3 Expand (1 + x)5 in ascending powers of x, simplifying the coefficients. [2]
Hence, by letting x = y + y 2 , find the coefficient of y4 in the expansion of (1 + y + y2 )5 in powers of y. [4]
2
The diagram shows the region R which is bounded by the curve y = , the x-axis, and the lines x = 1
x +1
and x = 5 . Use integration
(i) to find the area of R, giving your answer as a single logarithm, [4]
(ii) to show that the volume of the solid formed when R is rotated completely about the x-axis is 43 π . [4]
5 At time t minutes after an oven is switched on, its temperature θ °C is given by

θ = 200 − 180 e− 0.1t .
(i) State the value which the oven’s temperature approaches after a long time. [1]
(ii) Find the time taken for the oven’s temperature to reach 150 °C . [3]
(iii) Find the rate at which the temperature is increasing at the instant when the temperature reaches
150 °C . [4]

6
The diagram shows a semicircle ABC on AC as diameter. The mid-point of AC is O, and angle
AOB = θ radians , where 0 < θ < 12 π . The area of the segment S1 bounded by the chord BC is twice the
area of the segment S2 bounded by the chord AB. Show that
3θ = π + sin θ . [4]
Use an iterative method, based on the rearrangement

θ = 13 (π + sin θ ),
together with a suitable starting value, to find θ correct to 3 decimal places. You should show the value of
each approximation that you calculate. [4]
7 The functions f and g are defined by

1
f : x a 1 + x2 x ≥ 0,
g : x a x2 x ∈ R.
(i) Find the domain of the inverse function f −1 . [2]
(ii) Find an expression for f −1( x) . [2]
(iii) Find and simplify an expression for fg(x) for the case where x ≥ 0 . [2]
(iv) Explain clearly why the value of fg(−2) is 3. [1]
(v) Sketch the graph of y = fg(x ) , for both positive and negative values of x, and give the equation of this
graph in a simplified form. [3]

8 (i) A sequence of positive integers u1, u2 , u3, K is given by
u1 = 2 and un +1 = 2un for n ≥ 1 .
(a) Write down the first four terms of this sequence. [1]
(b) State what type of sequence this is, and express un in terms of n. [2]
(ii) A sequence of positive integers v1, v2, v3, K is given by
v1 = 3 and v n+1 = 2v n − 1 for n ≥ 1 .
(a) Show that the relation between v n+ 1 and vn may be written in the form
v n+1 − 1 = 2(v n − 1) . [1]
(b) Hence, by using the results in part (i), show that vn = 2 n + 1 for n ≥ 1 . [2]
(iii) The sum of the first N terms of the sequence v1, v2, v3, K is denoted by SN , i.e.
S N = v1 + v2 + v3 + K + vN .
Express SN in terms of N. [4]

MATHEMATICS P2
Pure Mathematics 2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60

This mark scheme consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

1 f( −1) = − 3 − 7 + 18 − 8 = 0 M1 Substitute x = −1 and evaluate
Hence ( x + 1) is a factor A1 2 Zero correctly obtained, and conclusion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
f( x) = ( x + 1)(3 x 2 − 10 x − 8) M1 Carry out division (trinomial quotient) or
attempt factorisation by inspection (3 terms
with at least 3x 2 and ±8 )
A1 Correct quadratic factor
Answer ( x + 1)( 3x + 2)( x − 4) A1 3
2 90 < x < 110 B1 Either end-point obtained

B1 2 Completely correct solution set
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ln 90 < n ln 1 .01 < ln 110 M1 Correct use of logs in any equation or
inequality of the form 1.01n = c
452 . 2 < n < 472 .4 A1 Either value, in exact or decimal form
453 to 472 inclusive A1 3 Allow any clear notation
1 +   x +   x 2 +   x3 +   x4 +   x5
5 5 5 5 5
3 M1
 1  2  3  4  5
1 + 5x + 10x2 + 10x3 + 5x 4 + x5 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 + 5( y + y 2 ) + 10 ( y + y 2 ) 2 + 10 ( y + y 2 )3 + K M1 May be implied
y 4 occurs in ( y + y2 ) 2 , ( y + y2 ) 3 and ( y + y2 ) 4 M1 Expand or pick out the relevant terms in at
least two of these cases
10 y 4 + 30 y4 + 5 y 4 A1 At least two of the three terms correct
Coefficient of y 4 is 45 A1 4 Allow answer 45 y 4
5 5
(i) ⌠ dx =  2 ln(x + 1) 
2
4   1
M1 For indefinite integral involving a log
⌡1 x + 1
A1 Correct indefinite integral 2 ln( x + 1)
2 ln 6 − 2 ln 2 = ln 9 M1 Use of both limits and at least one law of logs
A1 4 Correct simplified answer ln 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) V = π ∫ y2 dx B1 Correct formula stated or used
π [− 4( x + 1) −1] 1
5
M1 Integration attempt with negative index result
A1 Correct indefinite integral − 4( x + 1) −1
π ( − 46 + 2) = 43 π A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
5 (i) 200 °C B1 1 Allow answer 200 without units

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 150 = 200 − 180 e− 0. 1t ⇒ e −0 .1t = 18 5
M1 Substitute θ = 150 and rearrange
− 0.1t = ln(18
5
) M1 Take logs correctly
Answer 12.8 minutes A1 3 Allow answer t = 12.8 without units
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dθ
(iii) Rate of increase of temperature is B1 Recognition may be implied
dt
dθ dθ
= 18 e −0.1t M1 Attempt at involving a term k e− 0. 1t
dt dt
A1 Correct differentiation
Answer 5 °C per minute A1 4 Follow value of t or e −0.1t from (ii)

6 Area of S2 is 2
r (θ
1 2
− sin θ ) B1
Area of S1 is 2
r (π
1 2
− θ − sin(π − θ )) B1
Hence r (π
1 2
2
− θ − sin θ ) = 2 × 12 r 2 (θ − sin θ ) M1 Equate and attempt to simplify sin(π − θ )
i.e. 3θ = π + sin θ A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A suitable initial value is θ = 1 (e.g.) B1 State or use any θ1 such that 0 ≤ θ1 ≤ 12 π
θ 2 = 13 (π + sin θ1) = 1. 327... (e.g.) M1 For one iteration using correct formula
A1 For correct θ 2 from their θ1
θ ≈ 1. 374 A1 4 For correct answer and sufficient iterations
to justify 3dp accuracy
7 (i) Domain of f −1 is the range of f M1 May be implied

i.e. x ≥ 1 A1 2 Allow any intelligible notation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) y = 1 + x ⇒ x = ( y − 1) 2 M1 Attempt to solve for x
f −1 ( x) = ( x − 1) 2 A1 2 For answer ( x − 1) 2 or x 2 − 2 x + 1 ; do not
allow final answer in terms of y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
(iii) fg(x) = 1 + ( x 2 ) 2 M1 Attempt composition in the correct order
=1+ x A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) g(− 2) = 4, f(4) = 3 B1 1 Intermediate value 4 must be seen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v)
B1 Sketch of y = 1 + x for x ≥ 0 only

B1 Sketch reflection in the y-axis for x ≤ 0 only
y = 1+ x B1 3
8 (i) (a) 2, 4, 8, 16 B1 1 All four terms correctly stated

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) This is a geometric progression B1 No need to state first term or ratio here
Hence u n = 2 × 2 n −1 = 2 n B1 2 For simplified answer 2 n
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (a) vn +1 = 2vn − 1 ⇒ vn+1 − 1 = 2vn − 2 = 2( vn − 1) B1 1 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) vn − 1 satisfies same relation as un M1 For making the connection to part (i)
Hence vn = un + 1 = 2 n + 1 A1 2 Given result correctly shown; no need for an
explicit check that 3 = 2 + 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Σvn = Σ(2 n ) + Σ(1) M1 For considering the two separate sums (use
of Σ notation is not expected in this module)
2(2 − 1)
N
= +N B1 For correct unsimplified GP sum
2 −1
B1 For correct statement of Σ(1) = N
N +1
= 2(2 N − 1) + N or 2 +N−2 A1 4

BLANK PAGE
Specimen Materials – Mathematics 20 © OCR 2000

MATHEMATICS P3
Pure Mathematics 3
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
You are permitted to use only a scientific calculator in this paper.


Expand (1 − 2 x )− 2 in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x 2 .
1
1 [3]
State the set of values of x for which the expansion is valid. [1]
2 Prove the identity

sin( x + 30 °) + 3 cos(x + 30 °) ≡ 2 cos x ,
where x is measured in degrees. [3]
Hence express cos 15° in surd form. [2]
3 By using the substitution u = sin x , or otherwise, find

⌠
 sin 3 x sin 2x dx ,
⌡
giving your answer in terms of x. [6]
4 Find the centre and radius of the circle with equation x2 + y2 = 6 x . [2]
The line x + y = k is a tangent to this circle. Find the two possible values of the constant k, giving your
answers in surd form. [5]
5 The points A and B have coordinates (3, 2, 4) and (4, 4, − 3) respectively. The line l1 , which passes
through A, has equation
 3  5
r =  2  + t 1  .
 4  1
   
Show that AB is perpendicular to l1 . [3]
The line l2 , which passes through B, has equation

 4  2
r =  4  + s 1 .
 − 3  − 2 
   
Show that the lines l1 and l2 intersect, and find the coordinates of their point of intersection. [5]

6 The parametric equations of a curve are
x = a sin θ , y = aθ cos θ ,
dy
where a is a positive constant and 0 < θ < 12 π . Find in terms of θ , and hence show that the gradient
dx
1
of the curve is zero where tanθ = . [6]
θ
1
By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation tanθ = is satisfied by just one value of θ
θ
in the relevant range. [2]
Determine, with reasons, whether this value of θ is greater or less than 14 π . [2]
15 − 13x + 4 x2
7 Express in partial fractions. [5]
(1 − x)2 (4 − x)
Hence show that

3
⌠ 15 − 13x + 4 x 2
 (1 − x )2(4 − x) dx = 1 + ln 4 . [5]
⌡2
A cylindrical container has a height of 200 cm. The container was initially full of a chemical but there is a
leak from a hole in the base. When the leak is noticed, the container is half-full and the level of the
chemical is dropping at a rate of 1 cm per minute. It is required to find for how many minutes the
container has been leaking. To model the situation it is assumed that, when the depth of the chemical
remaining is x cm, the rate at which the level is dropping is proportional to x . Set up and solve an
appropriate differential equation, and hence show that the container has been leaking for about 80 minutes.
[10]

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS P3
Pure Mathematics 3
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


( − 12)( − 23)
1 1 + (− 12)( −2x) + (−2 x) 2 + K M1 Either x or x 2 term correct (unsimplified)
2
1 + x + 32 x 2 A1 For 1 + x correct
A1 3 For + 32 x 2 correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x < 12 or − 12 < x < 12 B1 1
2
sin(x + 30°) = sin x cos 30° + cos x sin 30°
cos(x + 30°) = cos x cos 30° − sin x sin 30° } B1 Both expansions correct
1
2
3 sin x + 12 cos x + 3 ( 12 3 cos x − 12 sin x) B1 Both exact values substituted throughout
1
2
cos x + 3
2
cos x = 2 cos x B1 3 Given result shown correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sin 45° + 3 cos 45 ° = 2 cos15° M1 Substitute x = 15° and use exact values for
sin 45 ° and cos 45 °
1+ 3
cos15 ° = A1 2 Allow any equivalent surd form
2 2
du
3 = cos x B1 Or equivalent; may be implied
dx
sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x B1 Stated or used
∫ sin 3 x sin 2x dx = ∫ u3 2u du = ∫ 2u4 du M1 Substituting for x and dx throughout

A1 Correct simplified integral in terms of u
2 5
5
u +c = 2
5
sin 5 x+c M1 Integrate and substitute back
A1 6 Correct answer in terms of x (including +c )
4 EITHER : ( x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 3 2 M1 Complete the square to obtain standard form

Centre is (3, 0) and radius is 3 A1 Both correct
OR : Centre ( − g, − f ) is (3, 0) B1 Formula may be implied

Radius g 2 + f 2 − c is 3 B1 2 Ditto; allow this mark for a correct radius
even if there appears to be a sign error in g
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EITHER : x2 + ( k − x) 2 = 6 x or (k − y )2 + y 2 = 6 (k − y) B1 Eliminate x or y completely
2 x2 − (2 k + 6) x + k 2 = 0 or
2 y 2 − (2 k − 6 ) y + (k 2 − 6 k ) = 0 M1 Simplify to quadratic form
( 2k + 6) 2 − 8k 2 = 0 or ( 2k − 6) 2 − 8(k 2 − 6 k) = 0 M1 Equate discriminant to zero
k 2 − 6k − 9 = 0 A1 Or any equivalent 3-term quadratic in k
k = 3±3 2 A1 Allow any equivalent exact form
OR : Gradient of the tangent is −1 B1

Perpendicular diameter is y − 0 = +1( x − 3) M1 Using their (3, 0) and perpendicular gradient
x2 + ( x −3) 2 = 6 x or ( y + 3)2 + y2 = 6( y + 3) M1 Substitute, and solve for x or y
x = 3 ± 32 2 , y = ± 32 2 A1 At least one correct value of each
k = 3±3 2 A1 5 For both values, in any equivalent exact form

 1
5 AB =  2 B1 May be implied
− 7 
 
 5
Direction of l1 is  1 B1 May be implied
 1
 
1 × 5 + 2 × 1 − 7 × 1 = 0 , hence result B1 3 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 + 5t = 4 + 2 s, 2 + t = 4 + s, 4 + t = −3 − 2 s B1 All three equations stated
Solve any pair of these equations simultaneously M1
s = − 3, t = −1 A1 For both values correct
Check the solutions in the remaining equation B1
Point of intersection is (−2, 1, 3) A1 5 Allow answer as a position vector
6 x& = a cosθ , y& = a(cosθ − θ sin θ ) M1 Differentiate both, with product rule attempt
A1 Both correct, in any form
dy cosθ − θ sin θ
= M1 Use of y& / x&
dx cosθ
A1 Any correct form, involving θ only
cosθ − θ sin θ dy dy
=0 M1 Equate or to zero
cosθ dx dθ
1
1 − θ tanθ = 0 ⇒ tanθ = A1 6 Given result correctly shown
θ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1 Both curves correct

B1 2 Correct conclusion, referring to single point
of intersection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4
EITHER : At θ = 14 π , tanθ = 1 and = > 1 M1 Or equivalent calculation(s)
θ π
Hence root is greater than 14 π A1
OR : Carry out any solution method M1 E.g. θ n +1 = tan− 1(1 /θ n )

θ ≈ 0.86 , so greater than 14 π A1 2
A B C
7 + + B1 Correct form stated or implied
1 − x (1 − x) 2 4 − x
B=2 B1 May be obtained by the ‘cover-up’ rule
C =3 B1 Ditto
15 − 13 x + 4 x 2 ≡ A(1 − x)(4 − x) + B (4 − x) + C (1 − x) 2 M1 Any correct use of this identity to give an
equation involving A
A =1 A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[− ln1 − x + 2(1 − x) −1
− 3ln 4 − x ] 3
2
B1 For both log terms, allowing omission of
modulus signs at this stage
B1 For + 2(1 − x) −1 , or equivalent
( − ln 2 − 1 − 3 ln1) − (− ln 1 − 2 − 3ln 2) = 1 + ln 4 M1 Use both limits and combine terms
A1 For correct reduction to given form of answer
A1 5 Correct use of modulus throughout (not
dependent on correct answer being reached)

dx dx dx
8 = −k x or =k x M1 Use of for rate of change
dt dt dt
A1 Correct form of equation (with either sign)
dx
x = 100 and = −1 ⇒ k = ( ±)0.1 M1 Attempted evaluation of k from their DE
dt
dx
= −0. 1 x A1 Any equivalent correct form
dt
∫ x− dx = −0.1∫ dt
1
2 M1 Separate and integrate both sides
1 1
2 x = −0.1t + A
2 A1 For both 2x 2 and (±)kt (the numerical
evaluation of k may be delayed until after the
DE is solved)
B1 For one arbitrary constant included, or
equivalent statement of both pairs of limits
x = 200 , t = 0 ⇒ A = 2 200 M1 If limits are used, this mark is combined with
the following one
2 100 = −0.1t + 2 200 M1 Evaluating t
= 82 .84 K ≈ 80 A1 10 Given result correctly obtained

MATHEMATICS P4
Pure Mathematics 4
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 A sequence of positive integers u1, u 2, u 3 K is defined by
u1 = 1 and un +1 = 3u n + 2 for n ≥ 1 .
Prove by induction that

u n = 2(3n −1) − 1 . [4]
2 Find the general solution of the differential equation

dy y
− = x,
dx x
giving y in terms of x in your answer. [4]
3 For positive integers r, let

1
f(r) = .
r(r + 1)
Verify that
2
f(r) − f(r + 1) = . [1]
r(r + 1)(r + 2)
Hence find the sum of the first n terms of the series

1 1 1
+ +K+ + K. [3]
1.2.3 2 .3 .4 r (r + 1)(r + 2)
Show that the series is convergent, and state the sum to infinity. [2]
4 Find the first three terms of the Maclaurin series for ln( 2 + x) . [4]
Write down the first three terms of the series for ln( 2 − x ) , and hence show that, if x is small, then
2 + x
ln  ≈x. [3]
2 − x

5
The diagram shows a sketch of the graph of

2 x2 + 3x + 3
y= .
x +1
Find
(i) the equations of the asymptotes of the curve, [3]
(ii) the values of y between which there are no points on the curve. [4]
The diagram shows the curve whose equation, in cartesian coordinates, is

( x2 + y 2 )2 = a 2( x2 − y 2 ) ,
where a is a positive constant. Show that the equation may be expressed, in polar coordinates, in the form
r 2 = a 2 cos 2θ . [3]
Explain how you can deduce, from the polar form of the equation, that the line θ = 14 π is tangential to the
curve at the pole. [2]
Find the area of the region enclosed by one loop of the curve. [4]

7 (i) Find the value of a for which
a ∞
⌠ 1 1⌠ 1
 1 + x 2 dx = 2  1 + x 2 dx . [3]
⌡0 ⌡0
(ii) By means of the substitution x = tan θ , or otherwise, find the exact value of
∞
⌠ x2
 (1 + x 2)2 d x . [7]
⌡0
8 The complex number z satisfies the equation z = z + 2 . Show that the real part of z is − 1 . [2]
The complex number z also satisfies the equation z = 2 . By sketching two loci in an Argand diagram,
find the two possible values of the imaginary part of z, and state the two corresponding values of arg z . [5]
The two possible value of z are denoted by z1 and z2 , where Im z1 > Im z2 .
(i) Find a quadratic equation whose roots are z1 and z2 , giving your answer in the form az 2 + bz + c = 0
where the coefficients a, b and c are real. [2]
(ii) Determine the square roots of z1 , giving your answers in the form x + iy . [4]

MATHEMATICS P4
Pure Mathematics 4
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 True for n = 1 since 1 = 2 × 30 − 1 B1 Requires at least 1 = 2 − 1
u n +1 = 3{2(3 n −1 ) − 1} + 2 M1 Substitute given un into 3un + 2
= 2(3 n ) − 1 A1 Correct simplification
= 2(3( n −1) +1 ) − 1 , hence result A1 4 Correct conclusion, dependent on all previous
marks and a properly set out proof
−1
2 Integrating factor is e ∫ −x dx
M1 Requires integration attempt
1 1
i.e. e −ln x = A1 Simplify to x −1 or
x x
d  y y
= 1 ⇒ = ∫ 1 dx
dx  x 
M1
x
y = x2 + Ax A1 4
1 1 r+ 2 − r 2
3 − = = B1 1 Given result correctly shown
r (r + 1) (r + 1)( r + 2) r (r + 1)( r + 2) r (r + 1)( r + 2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1  1 1   1 1   1 1 
 −  +  −  + K +  −  M1 Using differences
2  1.2 2.3   2.3 3.4   n(n + 1) (n + 1)(n + 2) 
1 1
− M1 Cancelling pairs of terms
4 2( n + 1)(n + 2)
A1 3 Correct answer; allow any equivalent form
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
→ 0 as n → ∞ ; convergent B1 Or equivalent argument
2( n + 1)(n + 2)
1
Sum to infinity is 4
B1 2
1
4 EITHER : If f( x) = ln(2 + x) then f ′( x) = , M1 At least one differentiation attempt
2+ x
1
and f ′′( x) = − A1 Correct first and second derivatives
( 2 + x) 2
f( 0) = ln 2, f ′( 0) = 12 , f ′′(0) = − 14 A1 All three correct
ln(2 + x) ≈ ln 2 + 12 x − 18 x 2 A1 Three correct terms
OR : ln(2 + x) = ln{2(1 + 12 x)} M1

= ln 2 + ln(1 + 12 x) A1
( 12 x)2
≈ ln 2 + 12 x − M1 Use of standard series for ln(1 + kx)
2
= ln 2 + 12 x − 18 x2 A1 4 Three correct terms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ln(2 − x) ≈ ln 2 − 12 x − 18 x2 B1 Replacing x by − x
(ln 2 + 12 x − 18 x2) − (ln 2 − 12 x − 18 x2) M1 Subtracting series
2 +x
ln  ≈ x A1 3 Given result correctly shown
2− x

2
5 (i) y = 2x + 1 + M1 Algebraic division, or equivalent
x +1
y = 2x + 1 is an asymptote A1
x = −1 is an asymptote B1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) EITHER : Consider discriminant of
2 x2 + (3 − y) x + (3 − y) M1 Form quadratic in x and refer to ∆
(3 − y) 2 = 8(3 − y) A1 Allow equation or inequality
(3 − y)(5 + y) = 0 M1 Or equivalent solution method
y = 3 and − 5 A1
dy 2
OR : = 2− or
dx ( x + 1) 2
( x + 1)( 4x + 2) − (2x 2 + 3x + 3)
M1 Differentiate and equate to zero
( x + 1) 2
( x + 1) 2 = 1 or 2 x 2 + 4 x = 0 A1 Correct simplification
x = − 2 and 0 ⇒ y = 3 and − 5 M1 Solve for x and substitute to find y
A1 4 Both values of y correct
6 x = r cosθ , y = r sin θ B1 For both; may be implied

( r 2 cos 2 θ + r 2 sin 2 θ ) 2 = a 2 ( r 2 cos 2 θ − r 2 sin 2 θ ) M1 Substitute, and use at least one trig identity
r = a cos2θ
2 2
A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = 0 ⇒ cos 2θ = 0 M1 Using r = 0 for form at pole
θ = 4 π is a solution
1
A1 2 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2∫
1 a 2 cos 2θ d θ = 1 a 2 sin 2θ
4
M1 Using correct formula 12 ∫ r 2 d θ
B1 Indefinite integral of the form k sin 2θ
[ ] or 2[ 2θ ] 0
1π
1 a 2 sin 2θ 4π
1
1 2 4
a sin M1 Using correct limits
4 − 14π 4
Area = 12 a 2 A1 4
7 (i) LHS = tan− 1 a B1

RHS = × π
1 1
2 2
B1 Recognising tan−1 ∞ = 12 π
tan−1 a = 14 π ⇒ a = 1 B1 3 Correct answer for a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dx
(ii) = sec2 θ B1 Or equivalent; may be implied
dθ
∞ 1
π
⌠ x2 ⌠2 tan2 θ
 (1 + x 2) 2 dx =  (1 + tan 2 θ ) 2 sec θ dθ
2
M1 Substitute for x and dx throughout
⌡0 ⌡0
1π
= ∫ 2 sin 2 θ dθ M1 Use trig identities to simplify integrand
0
A1 Correct simplification; ignore limits so far
1π
=∫ 2 1 (1− cos 2θ ) dθ
2
M1 Use relevant double-angle formula
0
= [12 θ − 14 sin 2θ ] 20
1π
A1 For correct indefinite integral
= 14 π A1 7 Correct answer and no previous error

8 EITHER : Locus z = z + 2 is a perp bisector M1 For recognis ing linear locus
Hence Re z = −1 A1 Needs mention of points z = 0, z = −2 , or
equivalent
OR : x 2 + y 2 = ( x + 2) 2 + y 2 M1
Hence x = −1 , i.e. Re z = −1 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1 Both loci correct
1 + y 2 = 22 M1 Using Pythagoras or equivalent

Im z = ± 3 A1
arg z = ± (π − tan− 1(1 / 3) ) M1 Or equivalent correct method for either case
=± 2
3
π A1 5 Both correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) ( z + 1 + i 3)( z + 1 − i 3) = 0 M1 Form equation and expand LHS; allow any
equivalent complete method
z 2 + 2z + 4 = 0 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) EITHER : z1 = 2 ⇒ z1 = 2 B1 For 2
arg z1 = 23 π ⇒ arg( z1) = 13 π or − 23 π B1 For either possibility
± 2 (cos 13 π + i sin 13 π ) M1 Convert either case to cartesian form
± 12 2 (1 + i 3) A1 Both correct; allow any equivalent exact

x + i y expression
OR : If z1 = x + i y then
− 1 = x2 − y 2 and 3 = 2xy B1 Both equations correct
4 x4 + 4 x 2 − 3 = 0 or 4 y 4 −4 y 2 −3 = 0 M1 Form and solve quadratic in x 2 or y 2
x2 = 1
2
or y 2 = 3
2
A1 Correct single value for x 2 or y 2
z1 = ± ( 1
2
+i 3
2
) A1 4 Both correct; allow any equivalent exact
x + i y expression

MATHEMATICS P5
Pure Mathematics 5
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 The cubic equation x 3 + ax − b = 0 has roots α , β , γ . Given that γ = αβ , express each of a and b in terms
of γ only, and hence show that (a + b) 2 = b . [5]
2 The part of the curve y = x2 between y = 0 and y = 2 is rotated completely about the y-axis. Show that
the area of the curved surface formed is 13
3
π . [5]
3 Starting from the definitions of sinh x and cosh x in terms of exponentials, show that
cosh 2 x ≡ cosh2 x + sinh 2 x . [2]
Given that cosh 2 x = k , where k > 1 , express tanh x in terms of k. [4]
4 The differential equation

dy
= 1 + xy ,
dx
with y = 1 when x = 0 , is to be solved numerically by a step-by-step method.
(i) Use two steps of Euler’s method, with step-length 0.1, to find an approximation for the value of y
when x = 0.2 . [3]
(ii) Use one step of the modified Euler method, with step-length 0.2, to find an alternative approximation
for the value of y when x = 0.2 . [3]
e
5 Given that I n = ⌠
 (ln x) n dx , show that, for n ≥ 1 ,
⌡1
I n = e − nI n−1 . [4]
Hence find the exact value of I 4 . [4]
6 The curve with equation

x
y=
cosh x
has one maximum point for x > 0 . Show that the x-coordinate of this maximum point satisfies the
equation x tanh x − 1 = 0 . [2]
The positive root of the equation x tanh x − 1 = 0 is denoted by α . Use the Newton-Raphson method,
taking first approximation x1 = 1 , to find further approximations x2 and x3 for α . [4]
By considering the approximate errors in x1 and x2 , estimate the error in x3 . [3]

7
1
The diagram shows the curve y = together with four rectangles of unit width and heights 1 1 1 1
, , ,
x+1 2 3 4 5
respectively. Explain how the diagram shows that

4
⌠ 1
1
+ 13 + 14 + 15 <  dx . [2]
⌡0 x + 1
2
1
The curve y = passes through the top left-hand corner of each of the four rectangles shown. By
x+2
considering the rectangles in relation to this curve, write down a second inequality involving 12 + 13 + 14 + 15
and a definite integral. [2]
By considering a suitable range of integration and corresponding rectangles, show that
∑
1000
1
ln( 500 .5) < < ln(1000 ) . [4]
r
r =2
∑
1000
1
Explain briefly how you can deduce that a reasonable estimate for the value of is 6.5. [2]
r
r= 2
8 The phenomenon of ‘resonance’ in a simple electrical circuit can be modelled by the differential equation
d 2V
+ 100V = 2 cos10t ,
dt 2
where V represents the voltage in the circuit and t represents time.
(i) Verify that kt sin 10t is a particular integral for this differential equation, where k is a constant whose
numerical value is to be found. [4]
(ii) Find the general solution of the differential equation. [3]
dV
(iii) Find the particular solution for which both V and are zero when t = 0 . [3]
dt
(iv) By considering the values of V when t becomes large, explain briefly why the mathematical model
cannot give an entirely satisfactory representation of the voltage in the circuit. [1]

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS P5
Pure Mathematics 5
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 α + β + γ = 0, αβ + βγ + γα = a, αβγ = b B1 All three correct, at any stage
γ = αβ ⇒ b = γ2 B1 Correct answer for b
a = γ + γ (α + β ) = γ − γ 2 B1 Correct answer for a
a = γ − b ⇒ (a + b) 2 = γ2 =b M1 Eliminating γ 2 , or equivalent
dx 1
2 EITHER : = B1 Or equivalent; may be implied
dy 2 y
2
⌠ 1
Area = 2π  y 1 + dy M1 Stating 2π ∫ x ds all in terms of y
⌡0 4y
2
= 2π ⌠
 y + 14 dy A1 Or equivalent simplification
⌡0
[ ]
2
= 43 π ( y + 14 )2
3
0
A1 Correct indefinite integral
= 133 π A1 Given result correctly shown
dy
OR : = 2x B1 Or equivalent; may be implied
dx
2
Area = 2π ⌠
 x 1 + 4x 2 dx M1 Stating 2π ∫ x ds all in terms of x
⌡0
A1 Correct limits for x
2
= 16 π (1 + 4x 2 ) 
3
2 A1 Correct indefinite integral
  0
= 3π
13
3 RHS = 14 (e2 x + 2 + e−2x ) + 14 (e2x − 2 + e −2x ) M1 Squaring and adding

−2 x
= (e +
1 2x
2
e ) = LHS A1 2 Correct simplification and conclusion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1 B1 May be implied
cosh x = 2 ( k + 1), sinh x = 2 (k − 1)
2 1 2 1
B1 Both correct
sinh x k −1 sinh x
tanh x = =± M1 Using tanh x =
cosh x k +1 cosh x
A1 4 Both values needed
4 (i) y1 = 1 + 0.1 × 1 M1 Use of correct Euler formula for 1st step

= 1. 1 A1
y2 = 1. 1 + 0. 1 × (1 + 0. 1 × 1.1) = 1.211 A1 3 Allow 3sf value 1.21 correctly obtained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) ytemp = 1 + 0 .2 × 1 = 1 .2 B1
y1 = 1 + 12 × 0 .2 × {1 + (1 + 0 .2 × 1 .2)} M1 Use of correct modified Euler method
= 1.224 A1 3 Allow 3sf value 1.22 correctly obtained

I n = [x(ln x)n ]1 − ∫ x n(ln x) n−1 x −1 dx
e e
5 M1 Using relevant integration by parts
1
A1 Correct unsimplified result
= e − nI n−1 A1 First term shown to simplify to e
A1 4 Given result fully justified
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I 4 = e − 4I 3 = e − 4(e − 3I 2 ) = − 3e + 12( e − 2I1) M1 Reduction formula used at least twice
= 9e − 24(e − I 0) = −15e + 24 I 0 A1 For I 4 = −15e + 24 I 0 or 9e − 24 I 0
I 0 = e − 1 or I1 = 1 B1 For either correct
I 4 = 9e − 24 A1 4
dy cosh x − x sinh x
6 = =0 M1 Differentiate and equate to zero
dx cosh2 x
Maximum when cosh x = x sinh x , i.e. x tanh x = 1 A1 2 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
xn tanh xn − 1
xn+1 = x n− B1
tanh xn + xnsech2xn
x1 = 1 gives x2 = 1.20177K M1 Newton-Raphson used at least once
A1 x2 correct to at least 3sf
x3 = 1.1996785 K A1 4 x3 correct to at least 4sf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
e1 ≈ 0.2, e2 ≈ −0.002 B1 For both; ignore signs of errors
e3 e2
≈ ⇒ e3 ≈ −2 × 10− 7 M1 Use of quadratic convergence property
e22 e12
A1 3 Ignore sign of answer
7 LHS is the total area of the four rectangles B1

RHS is the corresponding area under the curve; hence
result B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
+ 13 + 14 + 15 > ⌠
1

1
dx M1 Attempt at relevant new inequality
2 ⌡0 x + 2
A1 2 Correct statement
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Σ is the area of 999 rectangles M1 May be implied
999 999
Bounds are ⌠ dx and ⌠
1 1
  dx M1 Accuracy of 999 not essential here
⌡0 x + 2 ⌡0 x + 1
Lower limit is ln(500 . 5) A1 Given value correct shown
Upper limit is ln(1000 ) A1 4 Ditto
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
{ln(500 .5) + ln(1000 )} = 6 .56 K M1 For considering the average
Round down to 6.5 as it’s an overestimate A1 2 Some reason for given answer 6.5 rather than
6.6 needed

8 (i) V& = k sin 10t + 10kt cos10t and
V&& = 20k cos10t − 100 ktsin 10t M1 Differentiate twice
A1 Correct V& and V&&
20 k cos10 t ≡ 2 cos10 t M1 Substitute throughout the DE
k = 0. 1 A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) m 2 + 100 = 0 ⇒ m = ±10 i M1 State and solve auxiliary equation
CF is A sin 10 t + B cos10 t A1 Or equivalent
GS is V = A sin 10 t + B cos10t + 0 .1t sin 10 t A1 3 Follow their CF and k
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) V = 0, t = 0 ⇒ 0 = B M1
V& = 0, t = 0 ⇒ 0 = 10 A M1 Differentiate and substitute
Hence V = 0 .1t sin 10 t A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) V is unbounded as t increases; hence unrealistic B1 1 Follow errors if the result remains true

MATHEMATICS P6
Pure Mathematics 6
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 The matrices A and B are given by
cos α − sin α 
A = 
0
B = 
1
− 1 cos α 
, ,
 0  sin α
respectively. Find the matrix BAB−1 , simplifying your answer. [5]
2 The set G = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is a cyclic group under addition modulo 6, and the set H = {e, p, q, r, s, t} is a
multiplicative group whose group table is shown below.
e p q r s t
e e p q r s t
p p q e t r s
q q e p s t r
r r s t e p q
s s t r q e p
t t r s p q e
(i) Find an element of G of order 6. [1]
(ii) Show that G and H are not isomorphic. [2]
The set K = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} is a group under multiplication modulo 7. Determine the order of the element 3
in K, and hence or otherwise determine which of G and H is isomorphic to K. [3]
3 G is a multiplicative group with identity element e. The group is not commutative, but the elements a and
b in G each commute with every element in G, i.e. for any x in G, ax = xa and bx = xb .
(i) Prove that the element ab commutes with every element in G. [2]
(ii) Prove that the element a −1 commutes with every element in G. [2]
(iii) Deduce that the set of all those elements in G which commute with every element in G forms a
subgroup of G. [4]
4 Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove that

sin 5θ = sin θ (5 − 20 sin 2 θ + 16 sin 4 θ ) . [4]
By letting θ = 15 π , show that the exact value of sin 2 (15 π ) is 18 (5 − 5) . [4]

5 Write down the six 6th roots of unity. [1]
By writing the equation ( z + 1)6 = z 6 in the form

6
 z + 1 = 1 ,
 
 z 
show that the values of z satisfying the equation are given by
1
z= 1 kπi ,
e 3 −1
where k is an integer, and state a set of values of k that gives all the roots of the equation. [4]
Express each of these roots of ( z + 1)6 = z 6 in the form x + iy , where x and y are real. [5]
6 Find the value of a for which the simultaneous equations

3x + 2 y − z = 10,
5x − y − 4 z = 17,
x + 5 y + az = b,
do not have a unique solution for x, y and z. [4]
Show that, for this value of a, the equations are inconsistent unless b = 3 . [2]
For the case where the equations represent three planes having a common line of intersection, L, find
x− p y −q z −r
equations for L, giving your answer in the form = = . [5]
l m n
The diagram shows a cuboid ABCDA'B'C'D' in which the lengths of AB, AD, and AA' are 3a, 2a and a
respectively. The point A is taken as origin, with unit vectors i, j, k in the directions of AB, AD, AA'
respectively.
(i) Find a normal vector for the plane through A', B and C', and find also the perpendicular distance from
D to this plane. [6]
(ii) Find the shortest distance between the skew lines A'B and AD'. [6]

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS P6
Pure Mathematics 6
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


cosα sin α 
B −1 = 
cosα 
1 B1
 − sin α
cosα sin α 
BA or AB −1 = 
− cosα 
M1 Correct multiplication process
 sin α
A1 Correct product of either pair
BAB −1 =  cos 2 α − sin 2 α
2 sin α cosα 
sin 2 α − cos2 α 
A1 Correct unsimplified product
 2sin α cosα
cos 2α sin 2α 
= 
− cos 2α 
A1 5
 sin 2α
2 (i) 1 or 5 B1 1 For either answer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Element of H : e p q r s t
(ii) EITHER : B1
Order : 1 3 3 2 2 2
No element of order 6, hence result B1
OR : H is not commutative,
e.g. pr = t, rp = s B1 Counter-example is required
G is commutative, hence result B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32 = 2, 33 = 6, 34 = 4, 35 = 5, 36 = 1 M1 At least 3 calculations
The order of 3 in K is 6 A1
K is isomorphic to G B1 3 If not deduced from orders of elements, a
reason is required (e.g. that K is
commutative)
3 (i) ( ab) x = a(bx) = a( xb) = (ax)b = ( xa)b = x(ab) M1 At least one correct interchange
A1 2 Completely correct proof
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) ax = xa ⇒ a −1 ( ax) a −1 = a −1 ( xa)a −1 M1 Pre- and/or post-multiply and simplify at
least once
−1 −1
Hence xa = a x A1 2 Completely correct proof
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Closure follows from (i) B1
Associativity is true within G B1
Identity is e, since ex = xe B1
Inverses follow from (ii) B1 4
4 sin 5θ = Im(cos θ + i sin θ )5 M1 Expand and take imaginary part

= 5 cos θ sin θ − 10 cos θ sin θ + sin θ
4 2 3 5
A1 All three terms correct
= 5(1 − s 2 ) 2 s − 10 (1 − s 2 )s 3 + s 5 M1 Use of cos2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ throughout
= sin θ (5 − 20 sin 2 θ + 16 sin 4 θ ) A1 4 Given answer shown correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
θ = 15 π ⇒ sin 5θ = 0 B1
Hence sin(15 π ) is a root of 16s 4 − 20s 2 + 5 = 0 B1
s2 = 18 (5 ± 5) M1 For solving the quadratic in an exact form
sin 2( 15 π ) = 18 (5 − 5) A1 4 Given answer fully justified, e.g. negative
sign chosen since sin 2( 15 π ) is certainly < 12

1
kπ i
5 e3 for k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 B1 1 Or equivalent values for k; allow exponential
trigonometrical or cartesian form for roots
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
z +1
= ω , where ω is a 6th root of unity M1 ω ≠ 1 not required at this stage
z
1
z + 1 = zω ⇒ z = M1 Solving for z
ω −1
1
= 1 A1 Given answer correctly shown
kπ i
e 3 −1
k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B1 4 Or any correct set of 5 values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k = 3 gives real root − 12 B1
− 1 kπ i
e 3 −1
M1 Use of conjugate for general, or for any one
1
kπ − 1 kπ i
− 1)(e − 1)
i
(e 3 3
specific, case
cos 13 kπ − i sin 13 kπ −1
A1 Correct trigonometric or numerical form
2 − 2 cos 13 kπ
− 12 ± ( 12 3 ) i, − 12 ± ( 16 3) i A1 Any one complex root correct
A1 5 All four correct
3 −1 2
6 det 5 − 4 = 0
−1 B1
1 a
 5
3(− a + 20) − 2(5a + 4) − ( 25 + 1) = 0 M1 Correct expansion method
A1 Correct unsimplified equation
a= 2 A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EITHER : r3 = 2r1 − r2 M1 Complete method for relation between rows
b=3 A1 Given answer correctly shown
3 2 10 
OR : det5 −1 17  = 0 M1
1 b
 5
b=3 A1 2 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3  5
Direction of L is  2 ×  − 1 M1 For relevant vector product, or complete
 − 1  − 4
   
equivalent method
 − 9
i.e.  7  A1 Or any multiple
 − 13 
 
3x + 2 y − z = 10, 5x − y − 4z = 17 ⇒ 13x − 9z = 44 (e.g.) M1 Solve two equations simultaneously
So ( 2, 1, − 2) lies on L A1 Or any other correct point
x − 2 y −1 z + 2
L is = = A1 5 Or correct equivalent
−9 7 − 13

 3a   3a 
7 (i) EITHER : A′B =  0, A′ C′ =  2a  M1 Or equivalent pair of vectors
− a   0
   
   3a
3a
Normal n is  0 ×  2a M1 Or equivalent complete method
 − a  0
   
 2
i.e. n =  − 3 A1 Or any multiple
 6
 
 3a  2
DB.n =  − 2a .  − 3 = 12a M1 Or other relevant scalar product
 0  6
   
12a
Perpendicular distance is M1 Calculate n and divide
n
= 12
7
a A1
OR : Equation px + qy + rz = s gives
ar = s, 3ap = s, 3ap + 2aq + ar = s M1 Substitute all three points
ap = 13 s, aq = − 12 s, ar = s M1 Solve for p, q, r or p : q : r
 2
Normal vector is  − 3 A1 Or any multiple
 6
 
Plane is 2 x − 3 y + 6z = 6a M1
Perp distance from ( 0, 2a, 0) is
− 6a − 6a
M1 Relevant use of formula
22 + 32 + 62
= 12
7
a A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3a   0
(ii) A′B =  0 , AD′ =  2a  B1 Or equivalent
− a   a
   
Direction of common perpendicular is
 3a  0
 0 ×  2a M1
 − a  a
   
 2
i.e. n =  − 3 is perpendicular to both A1 or any multiple
 6
 
 0   2
AA′.n =  0  .  − 3 = 6a M1 Or equivalent scalar product
 a   6
   
6a 6
Shortest distance is = a M1 Divide by n
n 7
A1 6 Correct answer

MATHEMATICS M1
Mechanics 1
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
–2
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity is needed, use 9.8 m s .


1
Two forces, of magnitudes 1 N and 3 N, act on a particle in the directions shown in the diagram. Calculate
the magnitude of the resultant force on the particle and the angle between this resultant force and the force
of magnitude 3 N. [5]
The diagram shows a railway engine of mass 50 tonnes pulling two trucks horizontally along a straight
track. The trucks are coupled together behind the engine and have masses 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes
respectively, starting with the truck nearer to the engine. The acceleration of the train is 0.5 m s−2 .
Assuming that there are no resistances to motion, find
(i) the driving force of the engine, [2]
(ii) the tensions in the two couplings. [4]
Two particles, of masses x kg and 0.1 kg, are moving towards each other in the same straight line and
collide directly. Immediately before the impact, the speeds of the particles are 2 m s−1 and 3 m s−1
respectively (see diagram).
(i) Given that both particles are brought to rest by the impact, find x. [2]
(ii) Given instead that the particles move with equal speeds of 1 m s−1 after the impact, find the three
possible values of x. [6]
4 A moving particle P travels in a straight line. At time t seconds after starting from the point O on the line,
the velocity of P is v m s−1 , where
v = t 2 (6 − t ) .
Show that the acceleration of P is zero when t = 4 . [3]
After a certain time, P comes instantaneously to rest at the point A on the line. State the time taken for the
motion from O to A, and find the distance OA. [5]

5
A heavy ring of mass 5 kg is threaded on a fixed rough horizontal rod. The coefficient of friction between
the ring and the rod is 12 . A light string is attached to the ring and is pulled downwards with a force of
magnitude T newtons acting at an angle of 30° to the horizontal (see diagram). Given that the ring is about
to slip along the rod, find the value of T. [9]
The diagram shows an approximate (t, v ) graph for the motion of a parachutist falling vertically; v m s−1
is the parachutist’s downwards velocity at time t seconds after he jumps out of the plane. Use the
information in the diagram
(i) to give a brief description of the parachutist’s motion throughout the descent, [4]
(ii) to calculate the height from which the jump was made. [2]
The mass of the parachutist is 90 kg. Calculate the upwards force acting on the parachutist, due to the
parachute, when t = 7 . [5]

7 (i)
Particles A, of mass 5m, and B, of mass 3m, are attached to the ends of a light inextensible string. The
string passes over a fixed peg, and the system is released from rest with both parts of the string taut
and vertical, and each particle a distance d above a fixed horizontal plane (see diagram). Neglecting
all resistances to motion,
(a) find the acceleration of A in terms of g and show that the tension in the string is 15 mg , [6]
4
(b) find an expression in terms of d and g for the time after release at which A hits the plane. [2]
(ii) The results in part (i) are based on a mathematical model in which resistances to motion are
neglected. Describe briefly one resisting force, other than air resistance, which would be present in a
real system in which objects of unequal mass, hanging from a string passing over a fixed support, are
in motion. [1]
When this force is taken into account, state with brief reasons whether each of the following would be
smaller or larger than the value calculated in part (i):
(a) the acceleration of A;
(b) the tension in the string acting on A;
(c) the tension in the string acting on B.
What can you conclude about the tension in the string in this case? [4]

MATHEMATICS M1
Mechanics 1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 EITHER : ‘Vertical’ component of resultant is 1sin 40o B1
‘Horizontal’ component is 3 + 1cos 40 ° B1
Magnitude is 3 .766 2 + 0 .6428 2 M1 Allow M mark for either Pythagoras or trig
i.e. 3.82 N A1 For correct magnitude
Angle is tan−1
0. 6428 
 = 9.69 ° A1 For correct angle
 3.766 
OR : Vector triangle with sides 1, 3 and included

angle of 140º (not 40º) B1 May be implied
R2 = 32 + 12 − 2 × 3 × 1 × cos140° M1 For use of cosine formula with 3, 1, 140 °
Hence magnitude is 3.82 N A1
sin θ sin 140 °
= M1 For sin formula, or other complete method
1 3. 82
Hence angle is 9.69° A1 5
2 (i) Force = (50000 + 8000 + 4000) × 0.5 M1 For use of NII applied to whole system
= 31000 N or 31 kN A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) For back t ruck: C1 = 4000 × 0.5 M1 Use of NII for the rear truck only
i.e. Force in rear coupling is 2000 N or 2 kN A1
For both trucks: C2 = 12000× 0. 5 M1 Use of NII for the pair of trucks with one
force, or equivalent, i.e. C2 − C1 = 4000 or
31000 − C2 = 25000
i.e. Force in front coupling is 6000 N or 6 kN A1 4 Follow through if earlier answer is used
3 (i) x × 2 − 3 × 0. 1 = 0 M1 For relevant use of momentum conservation

Hence x = 0. 15 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 2 x − 0.3 = ( x + 0.1) or − ( x + 0.1) or 0. 1 − x M1 For any one relevant momentum equation
A1 For any one correct (unsimplified) equation
M1 For appreciating at least 2 correct cases
Hence x = 0. 4 or 0.0667 or 0.133 A1 For any one correct value
A1 For a second correct value
A1 6 For all three correct answers
dv
4 = 12t − 3t 2 = 0 M1 For expanding v and differentiating
dt
A1 For correct derivative equated to zero
3t(4 − t) = 0, so a = 0 when t = 4 A1 3 Given answer correctly found or verified
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P reaches A when t = 6 B1
s = ∫ (6t2 − t 3) dt = [2t3 − 14 t4 ]0
6 6
M1 For integrating v
0
A1 For correct indefinite integral
= 432 − 324 M1 Use of limits or evaluation of arbitrary const
Distance OA = 108 m A1 5

5
B1 Correct forces identified, by diagram or

otherwise
Resolving horizontally: M1 For attempting one resolution equation

T cos 30° = F A1
Resolving vertically: M1 For attempting a second resolution
5g + T sin 30 ° = R A1 Other correct equations are possible
For limiting equilibrium F = 12 R B1 Available at any stage
T . 12 3 = 12 (5 g + 12 T ) M1 For eliminating F and R

A1 Correct unsimplified equation in T only
T = 39. 8 A1 9
6 (i) Initially the parachutist falls with constant acc B1 Allow ‘free-fall’ etc here
Then decelerates at a constant rate B1
Then falls with constant speed B1
And finally hits the ground and comes to rest B1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Area is 12 × 4 × 40 + 12 (40 + 10) × 6 + 10 × 15 M1 For sensible attempt at total area under graph
Height is 380 m A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 − 40
Acceleration when t = 7 is = −5 (downwards) M1 For use of gradient to find acceleration
10 − 4
A1 For value (±)5 even if sign/direction muddle
Hence 90g − T = 90 × ( −5) M1 For use of NII with three relevant terms
B1 For consistent signs in T and ma terms
Force from parachute is 1330 N A1 5
7 (i) (a) Equations of motion for the particles are: M1 For use of NII for either particle separately
5mg − T = 5ma A1 The ‘system’ equation 8mg = 2ma is an
T − 3mg = 3ma A1 alternative for one of these A marks
1
Hence acceleration is 4
g and M1 For finding T or a from sufficient equation(s)
15
Tension is 4
mg A1 For correct acceleration
A1 6 For obtaining given tension correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) d = 12 × 14 g × t 2 M1 Use appropriate uvast equation and solve for t
8d
Time is A1 2
g
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Friction between the string and the support B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) Acceleration is smaller, as the resistance
opposes the motion B1
(b) Tension at A is larger, because
TA = 5mg − 5ma , and a is less than before B1
(c) Tension at B is smaller, because
TB = 3ma + 3mg and a is less than before B1
The tensions in the two parts of the string are now
unequal B1 4

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS M2
Mechanics 2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
–2


1
The diagram shows the cross-section of a uniform solid rectangular block. This cross-section has
dimensions 20 cm by 10 cm and lies in a vertical plane. The block rests in equilibrium on a rough plane
whose inclination α to the horizontal can be varied. The coefficient of friction between the block and the
plane is 0.7. Given that α is slowly increased from zero, determine whether equilibrium is broken by
toppling or sliding. [5]
2 A small ball of mass 0.2 kg is dropped from rest at a height of 1.2 m above a horizontal floor. The ball
rebounds vertically from the floor, reaching a height of 0.8 m. Assuming that air resistance can be
neglected, calculate
(i) the coefficient of restitution between the ball and the floor, [4]
(ii) the impulse exerted by the floor on the ball when the ball bounces. [2]
If air resistance were taken into account, would the value calculated for the coefficient of restitution be
larger or smaller than the value calculated in part (i)? Justify your conclusion. [1]
A uniform lamina ABCD has the shape of a square of side a adjoining a right-angled isosceles triangle
whose equal sides are also of length a. The weight of the lamina is W. The lamina rests, in a vertical
plane, on smooth supports at A and D, with AD horizontal (see diagram).
(i) Show that the centre of mass of the lamina is at a horizontal distance of 11 a from A. [4]
9
(ii) Find, in terms of W, the magnitudes of the forces on the supports at A and D. [4]

4
Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of a hollow container. The base of the container is circular, and is
horizontal. The sloping part of the side makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal, and the vertical part of
the side forms a circular cylinder of radius 0.4 m. A small steel ball of mass 0.1 kg moves in a horizontal
circle inside the container, in contact with the vertical and sloping parts of the side at A and B respectively,
as shown in Fig. 2.
It is assumed that all contacts are smooth and that the radius of the ball is negligible compared to 0.4 m.
(i) Given that the ball is moving with constant speed 3 m s−1 , find the magnitudes of the contact forces
acting on the ball at A and at B. [5]
(ii) Calculate the least speed that the ball can have while remaining in contact with the vertical part of the
side of the container. [3]
5 A car of mass 650 kg is travelling on a straight road which is inclined to the horizontal at 5°. At a certain
point P on the road the car’s speed is 15 m s −1 . The point Q is 400 m down the hill from P, and at Q the
car’s speed is 35 m s −1 .
(i) Assume that the car’s engine produces a constant driving force on the car as it moves down the hill
from P to Q, and that any resistances to the car’s motion may be neglected. By considering the
change in energy of the car, or otherwise, calculate the magnitude of the driving force of the car’s
engine. [4]
(ii) Assume instead that resistance to the car’s motion between P and Q may be represented by a constant
force of magnitude 900 N. Given that the acceleration of the car at Q is zero, show that the power of
the car’s engine at this instant is approximately 12.1 kW. [4]
Given that the power of the car’s engine is the same when the car is at P as it is when the car is at Q,
calculate the car’s acceleration at P. [2]

6
A uniform rectangular box of weight W stands on a horizontal floor and leans against a vertical wall. The
diagram shows the vertical cross-section ABCD containing the centre of mass G of the box. AD makes an
angle θ with the horizontal, and the lengths of AB and AD are 2a and 8a respectively.
(i) By splitting the weight into components parallel and perpendicular to AD, or otherwise, show that the
anticlockwise moment of the weight about the point D is Wa (4 cos θ − sin θ ) . [3]
(ii) The contact at A between the box and the wall is smooth. Find, in terms of W and θ , the magnitude
of the force acting on the box at A. [3]
(iii) The contact at D between the box and the ground is rough, with coefficient of friction µ . Given that
4
the box is about to slip, show that tanθ = . [4]
8µ + 1
A shell is fired from a stationary ship O which is at a distance of 1000 m from the foot of a vertical cliff AB
of height 100 m. The shell passes vertically above B and lands at a point C on horizontal ground, level
with the top of the cliff (see Fig. 1). The shell is fired with speed 300 m s− 1 at angle of elevation θ , and
air resistance to the motion of the shell may be neglected.
(i) Given that θ = 30 ° , find the time of flight of the shell and the distance BC. [6]
(ii)
Given instead that the shell just passes over B, as shown in Fig. 2, find the value of θ , correct to the
nearest degree. [6]

MATHEMATICS M2
Mechanics 2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 Topples when CG is above lowest corner B1 May be implied
i.e. when tanα = 12 B1
Slides when R = mg cosα and 0.7R = mg sin α M1 Both equations attempted
i.e. when tanα = 0. 7 A1 Allow B2 in place of M1 A1 if µ = tanα is
quoted
Hence it topples, since 1
2
< 0. 7 B1 5 Conclusion and reason needed
2 (i) Speed before impact is 2g × 1. 2 and 2g × 0.8 M1 For one relevant use energy or const acc
A1 For both correct (unsimplified) values
1. 6g
Hence e = = 2
3
≈ 0.816 M1 For use of v′ = ev to calculate e
2.4g
A1 4 For correct exact or decimal answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Impulse= 0.2( 2. 4g + 1. 6g ) ≈ 1.76 N s M1 Allow M mark even if there is a sign error
A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With air resistance, speed before impact is smaller, and
speed after impact is larger; hence e is larger B1 1 For correct conclusion with correct reasons
2
3 (i) CG of triangle is 3
a horizontally from A B1
Moments: 13 W × 2
3
a + 23 W × 32 a = W × x M1 For equating moments about A, or equivalent
A1 For a correct unsimplified equation
Hence x = 119 a A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) RA × 2a = W × 79 a ⇒ RA = 18 7
W M1 For one moments equation
A1 For one correct answer
RA + RD = W ⇒ RD = 11
18
W M1 For resolving, or a second moments equation
A1 4 For a second correct answer
4 (i) RB cos15 ° = 0. 1g B1
Hence RB = 1.01 N B1
32
RA + RB sin 15 ° = 0. 1× M1 For using NII horizontally (3 terms needed)
0.4
A1 Correct equation
Hence RA = 1. 99 N A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) RA = 0, and RB = 1. 01 as before B1 May be implied
v2
RB sin 15° = 0.1× M1
0. 4
v = 1. 02 m s −1 A1 3

5 (i) EITHER : ∆ KE = 12 × 650 × (35 2 − 15 2 ) B1 For correct unsimplified expression
∆ PE = 650 g × 400 sin 5° B1 Sign of change not required
400 T = 325 000 − 222 073 M1 For equating work and energy change
T = 257 N A1
352 − 152
OR : a= = 1. 25 B1 For correct unsimplified expression for a
2 × 400
T + 650 g sin 5° = 650 a M1 For 3-term NII equation || slope
A1 Correct equation
T = 257 N A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H
(ii) Driving force at Q is B1 For any correct statement of ‘ P = Fv ’
35
H
900 = + 650 g sin 5° M1 For 3-term force equation || slope at Q
35
A1 Correct equation
Hence H ≈ 12069 W i.e. 12 .1 kW A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H
+ 650 g sin 5° − 900 = 650 a M1 For 4-term NII equation
15
a = 0.707 m s −2 A1 2
6 (i) EITHER : Moments of weight components are:

W cosθ × 4a (anticlockwise) B1
W sin θ × a (clockwise) B1
Hence total anticlockwise is
Wa ( 4 cosθ − sin θ ) B1 Given answer correctly shown
OR : Horizontal distance G – D is M1 For using horizontal projections

−a sin θ + 4a cos θ A1 Correct expression
Hence anticlockwise moment is
Wa ( 4 cosθ − sin θ ) A1 Given answer correctly shown
OR : Horizontal distance G – D is
(4 a ) 2 + a 2 cos(θ + α ) where tanα = 14 B1
Anticlockwise moment is
W × 17a 2 ( 417 cosθ − 1
17
sin θ ) M1
i.e. Wa ( 4 cosθ − sin θ ) A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Wa ( 4 cosθ − sin θ ) = R A × 8a sin θ M1 For moments equation about D, using (i)
A1 Correct equation
RA = 18 W (4 cotθ − 1) A1 3 For correct answer, in any form
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) RD = W B1
FD = RA B1
4 cotθ − 1
µ= M1 For use of F = µR in equation involving θ
8
4
Hence tanθ = A1 4 For showing given result correctly
8µ + 1

7 (i) EITHER : 100 = 150t − 4. 9t2 M1 For use of s = ut + 12 at 2 vertically
A1 For correct equation
150 ± 20540
t= M1 For any solution method
9.8
Time to C is 29.9 s A1
x = 300 cos 30° × 29 .9 M1
BC = x − 1000 ≈ 6780 m A1
x 9. 8x2
OR : 100 = − M1 For trajectory equation with y = 100 ,
3 2 × 300 2 × 34
V = 300 , θ = 30°
A1 For correct unsimplified equation
x ≈ 7776 M1 For any solution method
Hence BC ≈ 6780 m A1
x
t= M1
300 cos 30 °
= 29. 9 s A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.8 × 1000 2
(ii) 100 = 1000 tanθ − (1 + tan2 θ ) M1 For trajectory equation with y = 100 ,
2 × 300 2
x = 1000 , V = 300
M1 For use of sec2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ
49 tan θ − 900 tan θ + 139 = 0
2
A1 Correct simplified quadratic
900 ± 900 2 − 27244
tanθ = M1 For any solution method
98
M1 For taking arctan of the smaller root
θ ≈ 9° A1 6

MATHEMATICS M3
Mechanics 3
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
–2


1
A ball of mass 0.2 kg falls vertically onto a sloping grass bank, and rebounds horizontally (see diagram).
Immediately before the bounce the speed of the ball is 8 m s−1 , and immediately after the bounce the speed
is 3 m s−1 . Calculate the magnitude and direction of the impulse on the ball due to the impact. [4]
2 A light elastic string of modulus 28 N and natural length 0.8 m has one end attached to a fixed point O. A
particle of mass 0.5 kg is attached to the other end.
(i) The particle hangs in equilibrium at the point E. Calculate the distance OE. [2]
(ii) The particle is held at O and is released from rest. Calculate the speed of the particle as it passes the
point E. [4]
Two uniform smooth spheres A and B, of equal radius, are free to move on a smooth horizontal table. The
mass of B is twice the mass of A. Initially B is at rest and A is moving with speed 5 m s−1 . The spheres
collide, and immediately before impact the direction of motion of A makes an angle of 30° with the line of
centres. After the collision A moves at right angles to its original direction (see diagram). Show that
(i) the speed of A immediately after the collision is 5

3
3 m s− 1 , [2]
(ii) the speed of B immediately after the collision is also 5

3
3 m s− 1 , [3]
(iii) the collision is perfectly elastic. [3]

4 A particle of mass 0.2 kg is connected by two equal light elastic springs, each of natural length 0.5 m and
modulus of elasticity 5 N, to two points A and B on a smooth horizontal table. The mid-point of AB is O
and the length of AB is 1 m. The particle is displaced from O, towards B, through a distance of 0.3 m to
the point C and released from rest. In the subsequent motion air resistance may be neglected. After
t seconds the displacement of the particle from O is x metres. Show that
d2 x
= −100 x . [3]
dt 2
The particle moves a distance 0.1 m from C to D. Find

(i) the speed of the particle at D, [3]
(ii) the time taken to reach D. [3]
5 A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length 10a. The other end of
the string is attached to a fixed point O. The particle is released from rest with the string taut and
horizontal. Assuming there is no air resistance, find
(i) the speed of the particle when the string has turned through 30°, [2]
(ii) the tension in the string at this instant. [3]
When the string reaches the vertical position, it comes into contact with a small fixed peg A which is a
distance 7a below O. The particle begins to move in a vertical circle of radius 3a with centre A (see
diagram). Determine, showing your working, whether the particle describes a complete circle about A. [5]

6
Two uniform beams AB and BC, each of length 5a, have masses 3m and 2m respectively. The beams are
freely jointed to fixed points at A and C, and to each other at B. The points A and C are on the same
horizontal level at a distance 8a apart, and the beams are in equilibrium with B vertically below the mid-
point of AC, as shown in the diagram.
(i) Find the vertical component of the force acting on BC at C, and show that the horizontal component
of this force is 53 mg . [6]
(ii) Find the magnitude and direction of the force acting on AB at B. [5]
7 A body falls vertically, the forces acting being gravity and air resistance. The air resistance is proportional
to v, where v is the body’s speed at time t. The value of v for which the acceleration is zero is known as the
‘terminal velocity’ for the motion, and is denoted by U. Show that the equation of motion of the body may
be expressed as
dv g
= (U − v ) . [3]
dt U
A parachutist jumps from a helicopter which is hovering at a height of several hundred metres, and falls
vertically. Assume that, before the parachute is opened, the terminal velocity for the motion is 50 m s −1 .
The parachutist opens the parachute 10 s after jumping. Find the speed at which the parachutist is falling
just before the parachute opens. [5]
The diagram shows a (t, v ) graph for the parachutist’s motion, as modelled using the above differential
equation.
(i) Explain the significance of the speed of 10 m s −1 in relation to the differential equation. [1]
(ii) What has been assumed about the opening of the parachute? [1]
(iii) Find the decele ration of the parachutist just after the parachute opens. [2]

MATHEMATICS M3
Mechanics 3
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1
B1 For identifying impulse vector with the

change of momentum, by means of a triangle
or otherwise
Magnitude = 0.62 + 1.62 

 1 .6   M1 For either Pythagoras or trig calculation
Direction above horizontal = tan −1  
  
0 . 6
Impulse is 1.71 N s at 69. 4° to horizontal A1 For magnitude
A1 4 For angle to horizontal, or equivalent
28 x
2 (i) 0 .5 g = M1 For equilibrium equation and Hooke
0 .8
x = 0. 14 ⇒ OE = 0.94 m A1 2 Correct answer for OE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Conservation of energy: M1 For equation involving KE, PE and EE
28 × 0.14 2
1
× 0. 5v2 + = 0.5g × 0.94 B1 For correct EE term
2 2 × 0.8
B1 For PE term, correct apart possibly from sign
0.25v2 + 0.343 = 4.606 , hence v = 4.13 m s−1 A1 4
3 (i) v A cos30° = 5 cos60° M1 Equating components ⊥ line of centres

v A = ÷ ( 3) =
5
2
1
2
5
3
3 A1 2 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) m × 5 cos30° = 2mvB − mvA cos60° M1 Using momentum || line of centres
A1 Correct equation ( v A need not be numerical)
2 vB = 52 3 + 56 3 ⇒ vB = 53 3 A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) v A cos60° + vB = e × 5 cos30° M1 Using restitution || line of centres
5
3
3 cos 60 ° + 53 3 = 5e cos 30 ° A1 Correct equation
Hence e = 1 , as required A1 3 Given result correctly shown
5x
4 Force in each spring is B1 Correct expression for a general position
0.5
Equation of motion is 10 x + 10x = −0.2x&& M1 For relevant use of NII
i.e. x = − 100 x
&& A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Motion is SHM with amplitude 0.3 m B1 Allow at any stage in the question
vD = 100 (0 .3 − 0. 2 )
2 2 2 M1
Speed at D is 2. 24 m s −1 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 0.2 = 0.3cos(10tD ) B1 For correct SHM equation involving tD
tD = 0. 1 cos−1(23 ) M1 Or equivalent complete solution method
Time to reach D is 0.0841 s A1 3

5 (i) 1
2
mv2 = mg × 10a sin 30° M1 For relevant use of conservation of energy
Hence v = 10ga A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 ga
(ii) T − mg cos 60 ° = m × M1 3-term NII equation || string
10 a
A1 Correct unsimplified equation
T = 32 mg A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Critical case is T = 0 at highest point B1 May be implied
1
2
mvH = mg × 4a
2
M1 Use of energy to find v H at highest point
vH2 = 8 ga A1
2
mv
mg + T = M1 Resolving to find T ( = 53 mg ) when v = vH or
3a
to find critical v 2 ( = 3 ga) for T = 0
Hence it does make a complete circle A1 5 Correct result and reason
6 (i) Moments about A for the system: M1 Equation with 3 terms needed
3mg × 2a + 2mg × 6a = YC × 8a A1 For correct unsimplified equation
YC = 94 mg A1 Correct answer for the vertical component
Moments about B for BC: M1 Equation with 3 terms needed
2 mg × 2a + X C × 3a = 9
4
mg × 4a A1 For correct unsimplified equation
XC = 5
3
mg A1 6 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) X B = 53 mg B1
YB = 14 mg B1 Follow the answer for YC in (i)
Magnitude = X B2 + YB2 

−1 Y   M1 For numerical Pythagoras or trig calculation
Dir above horizontal = tan  B
 
 B 
X
Magnitude = 12
1
409 mg ≈ 1 .69 mg A1 Correct exact or approximate value
Dir above horizontal = ( ) ≈ 8.5°
tan−1 20
3
A1 5 Correct exact or approximate angle
dv
7 Equation of motion is m = mg − kv B1
dt
At terminal velocity mg = kU B1
dv g
Hence = (U − v) B1 3 Given answer correctly shown
dt U
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⌠ 1 dv = ⌠ g dt
  M1 For separation and attempt at integration
⌡ 50 − v ⌡ 50
− ln(50 − v) = 0.196t + c A1 For both indefinite integrals correct
v = 0, t = 0 ⇒ − ln 50 = c M1 Evaluation of constant or equiv use of limits
− ln(50 − v10) = 1.96 − ln 50 A1 Correct equation for v10
v10 = 50 (1 − e−1 .96 ) ≈ 43 .0 m s-1 A1 5 For correct exact or approximate answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) 10 m s −1 is the terminal velocity (value of U) after
the parachute opens B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The parachute is assumed to open instantaneously B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d v 9 .8
(iii) = (10 − 43 .0 ) M1
d t 10
Hence deceleration is 32.3 m s −2 A1 2

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS M4
Mechanics 4
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
–2


74
1 The region bounded by the part of the curve y = x from x = 0 to x = a , the x-axis and the line x = a is
rotated completely about the x-axis to form a uniform solid of revolution. Find by integration the
x-coordinate of the centre of mass of the solid. [6]
The diagram shows a uniform circular disc, of mass m and radius a, which is free to rotate in a vertical
plane about a smooth fixed horizontal axis through its centre O. A light inextensible string is wrapped
round the circumference of the disc, and has one end attached to the circumference. A particle of mass m
hangs freely at the other end of the string. The system is released from rest. Show that the angular
2g
acceleration of the disc is , and find the tension in the string. [6]
3a
3 A rigid square frame consists of four uniform rods, each of mass m and length 2a, joined at their ends to
form a square. Show that the moment of inertia of the frame, about an axis through one of its corners and
perpendicular to its plane, is 403 ma 2 . [3]
The frame is suspended from one corner, and can rotate in a vertical plane about a smooth horizontal axis
through that corner. Show that the motion in which the frame makes small oscillations about its
equilibrium position is approximately simple harmonic, and find the period of this simple harmonic
motion. [5]
4 A uniform circular disc, of mass m and radius a, can rotate in a vertical plane about a fixed horizontal axis
passing through its centre O. When the disc is at rest, a particle of mass 2m is released, from rest, at a
height 2a vertically above one end A of the horizontal diameter of the disc. The particle falls freely, strikes
the disc at A, and adheres to the disc. Find the angular speed with which the disc starts to rotate. [5]
While the disc (with the attached particle) rotates, a constant frictional couple C acts on the disc. The disc
comes to rest after one quarter of a revolution, when the particle is at the lowest point of the disc. Find C.
[3]

75
5 A uniform rod AB, of mass m and length 2a, is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a smooth horizontal
axis through A. When the rod is hanging at rest in equilibrium with B vertically below A, it is given an
angular speed Ω, where
3g
Ω2 = .
4a
Show that the rod comes instantaneously to rest when it has turned through an angle 13 π . [2]
At this position of instantaneous rest, the force acting on the rod at A has horizontal and vertical
components X and Y respectively. Find X and Y in terms of m and g. [8]
A light aircraft flies flies from A due east to B and then flies directly back to A. The distance AB is d, and
the speed of the aircraft relative to the air is 4V. During the flight, there is a steady wind, of speed V in a
direction making an angle θ with AB (see diagram). Show that the total flying time for the journey from A
to B and back is
2d 15 + cos 2 θ
. [10]
15V

76
A small smooth bead B, of mass m, is threaded on a circular wire with centre O and radius a. The wire is
fixed in a vertical plane. A light elastic string, of natural length a and modulus of elasticity λ , has one end
fixed at O. The string passes through a small smooth ring A fixed at the highest point of the wire, and the
other end of the string is attached to B. The diagram shows the system at an instant when OB makes an
angle θ with the downward vertical at O.
(i) Taking the horizontal level of O as the reference level for gravitational potential energy, show that the
total potential energy of the system in the position shown is
λa + a(λ − mg ) cos θ . [4]
(ii) Hence show that there is a position of stable equilibrium with θ = 0 so long as λ < mg . [3]
(iii) Given that λ = 12 mg , show that the approximate period of small oscillations about the equilibrium
position is
2a
2π . [5]
g

MATHEMATICS M4
Mechanics 4
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


a
1 Total mass = πρ ∫ x dx M1 For relevant use of ∫y
2
dx
0
= 12 πρ a 2 A1 Introduction of ρ is required
a
Total moment = πρ ∫ x 2 dx M1 For relevant use of ∫ xy
2
dx
0
= 13 πρ a 3 A1 No further penalty if ρ omitted

Hence 12 πρ a 2 x = 13 πρ a 3 ⇒ x = 23 a M1 For equating and solving for x
A1 6 For correct final answer
2 For particle: mg − T = mf B1
For disc: Ta = 1
2
ma 2α B1
String moves with disc, so f = aα B1 Stated or used at any stage
Hence mg = mf + 12 ma α = 32 ma α M1 For obtaining an equation in α (or T)
2g
α = A1 Given answer shown correctly
3a
T = 3 mg
1
A1 6
3 M.I. for one of the rods opposite the axis is: M1 Relevant use of parallel axes theorem
1
3
ma 2 + m(a 2 + 4a 2) = 16
3
ma 2 A1 For correct unsimplified expression
M.I. of frame = 2( 43 ma 2 + 16 3
ma 2 ) = 40 3
ma 2 A1 3 Given answer shown correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight 4mg acts at a 2 from the axis B1
Equation of motion is: 4 mga 2 sin θ = − ma θ 40
3
2 &&
M1 For relevant use of C = I θ&& at general posn
A1 Correct equation
3g 2
i.e. θ&& ≈ − θ A1 Reduction to standard SHM form
10a
10a
Hence SHM with period 2π A1 5
3g 2
4 Speed of particle before impact is 4ga B1

2 m 4 ga × a = (12 ma 2 + 2ma 2 )ω M1 Equating ang mom before and after
B1 For total M.I. (12 ma 2 + 2ma 2 ) , or equivalent
A1 Correct equation
8 g
Hence ω = A1 5
5 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Work done against friction is C × 12 π B1
Hence 12 πC = 54 ma 2ω 2 + 2mga M1 Equating energy (KE and PE) to work
52mga
C= A1 3
5π

3g
5 1 4
. ma 2.
2 3
= mga(1 − cosθ ) M1 For relevant use of conservation of energy
4a
LHS = 12 mga, so θ = 13 π A1 2 Given answer obtained or verified correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
They may have X and/or Y reversed; any

consistent work is acceptable
mga sin (13 π ) = 43 ma 2α M1 Taking moments about A to find ang acc

3 3g
i.e. α = A1
8a
Acceleration component of CG || rod is zero B1 May be implied
3 3g
and perpendicular to rod is A1
8
cos(13π )
3 3g
EITHER : Res hor: X = m. M1 To include attempt at resolving transverse acc
8
3 3
i.e. X = mg A1
16
sin (13π )
3 3g
Res vert: mg − Y = m. M1
8
Hence Y = 16
7
mg A1
OR : Res || rod: 1
2
3 X + 12 Y = 12 mg B1
Res ⊥ rod: M1 4 terms required
1
2
X − 12 3Y + 12 3mg = 3
8
3mg A1 Correct equation
3 3
X = mg , Y = 16
7
mg A1 8 For both answers
16
6
B1 For correct triangle; may be implied
sin α = 14 sin θ or 16V 2 = R 2 + V 2 − 2RV cosθ B1 For appropriate use of sine or cosine rule
R = V cosθ + 4V 1 − 14 sin 2 θ or M1 Any method for R in terms of V and θ
R = V cos θ + V cos2 θ + 15 or equivalent A1 For any correct (unsimplified) expression
B1 For correct return triangle; may be implied
S = −V cosθ + V cos2 θ + 15 or equivalent M1 Any method for S in terms of V and θ

A1 For any correct (unsimplified) expression
d d
Total time is + M1 For expressing this in terms of d, V, θ
R S
d (R + S ) 2dV cos2 θ + 15
i.e. = 2 M1 For combining the terms algebraically
RS V (cos2 θ + 15) − V 2 cos2 θ
2d 15 + cos2 θ
= A1 10 Given answer correctly shown
15V

7 (i) AB = 2a cos 12 θ or AB 2 = 2a 2 + 2a 2 cosθ M1
2a 2λ (1 + cosθ )
Elastic energy = A1 Or equivalent
2a
PE of B is − mgacosθ B1
Total energy V = λ a + a(λ − mg ) cosθ A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dV
(ii) = −a(λ − mg ) sin θ = 0 M1 Differentiate and equate to zero, or equivalent
dθ
argument from properties of cos graph
Hence θ = 0 A1 Given answer correctly shown
2
dV
= a( mg − λ ) > 0 if λ < mg A1 3 Stability explained via identification of min V
dθ 2 θ =0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) 12 m (a θ&) 2 + V = constant B1
ma 2θ&& + 12 mga sin θ = 0 M1 Differentiate with respect to t
A1 Correct simplified equation
g
i.e. θ&& ≈ − θ , so SHM M1 Reduction to standard form
2a
2a
Period is 2π A1 5 Given answer correctly shown
g

MATHEMATICS S1
Probability & Statistics 1
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 Janet and John wanted to compare their daily journey times to work, so they each kept a record of their
journey times for a few weeks. Janet’s daily journey times, x minutes, for a period of 25 days, were
summarised by Σx = 2120 and Σx 2 = 180 044 . Calculate the mean and standard deviation of Janet’s
journey times. [3]
John’s journey times had a mean of 79.7 minutes and a standard deviation of 6.22 minutes. Describe
briefly, in everyday terms, how Janet and John’s journey times compare. [2]
2 Two independent assessors awarded marks to each of 5 projects. The results were as shown in the table.
Project A B C D E
First assessor 38 91 62 83 61
Second assessor 56 84 41 85 62
Calculate Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the data. [4]
Show, by sketching a suitable scatter diagram, how two assessors might have assessed 5 projects in such a
way that Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for their marks was + 1 while the product moment
correlation coefficient for their marks was not + 1 . (Your scatter diagram need not be drawn accurately to
scale.) [2]
3 Each packet of the breakfast cereal Fizz contains one plastic toy animal. There are five different animals in
the set, and the cereal manufacturers use equal numbers of each. Without opening a packet it is impossible
to tell which animal it contains. A family has already collected four different animals at the start of a year
and they now need to collect an elephant to complete their set. The family is interested in how many
packets they will need to buy before they complete their set.
(i) Stating any necessary assumption, name an appropriate distribution with which to mode l this
situation. What is the expected number of packets that they family will need to buy? [3]
(ii) Find the probability that the family will complete their set with the third packet they buy after the start
of the year. [2]
(iii) Find the probability that, in order to complete their collection, the family will need to buy more than 4
packets after the start of the year. [3]
4 A sixth-form class consists of 7 girls and 5 boys. Three students from the class are chosen at random. The
number of boys chosen is denoted by the random variable X. Show that
(i) P( X = 0) = 7 ,
44
[2]
(ii) P( X = 2 ) = 7 .
22
[3]
The complete probability distribution of X is shown in the following table.

x 0 1 2 3
P(X = x ) 7
44
21
44
7
22
1
22
Calculate E(X ) and Var( X ) . [5]

5
The diagram shows the cumulative frequency graphs for the marks scored by the candidates in an
examination. The 2000 candidates each took two papers; the upper curve shows the distribution of marks
on paper 1 and the lower curve shows the distribution on paper 2. The maximum mark on each paper was
100.
(i) Use the diagram to estimate the median mark for each of paper 1 and paper 2, and the interquartile
range for paper 1. [6]
(ii) State with a reason which of the two papers you think was the easier one. [2]
(iii) The candidates’ marks for the two papers could also be illustrated by means of a pair of box-and
whisker plots. Give two brief comments on any advantages or disadvantages in using cumulative
frequency graphs and box-and-whisker plots to represent the data. [2]
6 Items from a production line are examined for any defects. The probability that any item will be found to
be defective is 0.15, independently of all other items.
(i) A batch of 16 items is inspected. Using tables of cumulative binomial probabilities, or otherwise, find
the probability that
(a) at least 4 items in the batch are defective, [2]
(b) exactly 4 items in the batch are defective. [2]
(ii) Five batches, each containing 16 items, are taken.

(a) Find the probability that at most 2 of these 5 batches contain at least 4 defective items. [4]
(b) Find the expected number of batches that contain at least 4 defective items. [2]

7 An experiment was conducted to see whether there was any relationship between the maximum tidal
current, y cm s−1 , and the tidal range, x metres, at a particular marine location. [The tidal range is the
difference between the height of high tide and the height of low tide.] Readings were taken over a period
of 12 days, and the results are shown in the following table.
x 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.9
y 15.2 22.0 25.2 33.0 33.1 34.2 51.0 42.3 45.0 50.7 61.0 59.2
[Σx = 43 .3, Σy = 471 .9, Σx2 = 164 .69 , Σy2 = 20 915 .75 , Σxy = 1837 .78.]
The scatter diagram below illustrates the data.
(i) Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient for the data, and comment briefly on your
answer with reference to the appearance of the scatter diagram. [4]
(ii) Calculate the equation of the regression line of maximum tidal current on tidal range. [3]
(iii) Estimate the maximum tidal current on a day when the tidal range is 4.2 m, and indicate briefly how
reliable an estimate you consider your answer to be. [3]
(iv) It is suggested that the equation found in part (ii) could be used to predict the maximum tidal current
on a day when the tidal range is 15 m. Comment briefly on the validity of this suggestion. [1]

MATHEMATICS S1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 Mean is 84.8 minutes B1
180044
Standard deviation = − 84.82 M1 May be implied
25
= 3.27 minutes A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
John’s average time is about 5 mins less than Janet’s B1
John’s times are more variable than Janet’s B1 2
1 5 3 4 2
2 Ranks are: B1 Or with ranks reversed
2 4 1 5 3
Values of d are − 1, 1, 2, − 1, − 1 M1 Or reversed, or values of d 2
6 ×8
rs = 1 − = 0. 6 M1 Correct formula for Spearman used
5 × 24
A1 4 Correct answer (fraction or decimal)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(e.g.) B2 2 For 5 points, showing any non-linear

‘increasing’ relationship
3 (i) Each packet is equally likely to contain any of the

5 animals, independently of other packets B1 Allow either ‘equally likely’ or ‘independent’
Geometric distribution B1 No need to state p = 15 here
Expected number is 5 B1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (45 )2 × (15) = 125
16
or 0.128 M1 Any numerical ‘ q n p ’ calculation
A1 2 Correct answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) (45 )4 or 1 − { + ( )( )+ ( ) ( )+ ( ) ( )}
1
5
4 1
5 5
4 2 1
5 5
43 1
5 5
M1 Allow M mark even if there is an error of 1 in
the number of terms
A1 For correct expression for the answer
256
625
or 0 .4096 or 0 .410 A1 3 Correct fraction or decimal
P( X = 0) =   ÷   = 220 For ratio of relevant   terms, or equivalent

7 12 35 = 7 n
4 (i) M1
  3
3 44
r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) P( X = 2) = P(2 boys and 1 girl) B1 May be implied
7 × 10 7
=   ×   ÷   = For use of relevant   terms, or complete
7 5 12 n
= 22 M1
 1  2  3  220 r
alternative multiplication/addition of probs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E( X ) = 0 × 44 7
+ 1 × 21
44
+ 2 × 227
+ 3 × 22
1
= 54 M1 For correct calculation process
A1 Correct answer (fraction or decimal form)
E( X ) = 0 ×
2 7
44
+ 1 × 44
21
+ 4 × 22
7
+ 9 × 22
1
= 95
44
B1 For correct numerical expression for Σx 2 p
Var ( X ) = 95
44
−( 4
)
5 2
= 176 or 0. 597 (to 3dp)
105
M1 For correct overall method for variance
A1 5 For correct answer

5 (i) Medians correspond to 1000 candidates M1 Reading off at 1000; may be implied
m1 = 38, m2 = 63 A1 Correct value for either median
A1 For both correct
Quartiles correspond to 1500 and 500 candidates M1 Reading off at either; may be implied
q3 = 56, q1 = 26 A1 Both correct
IQR = 30 A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Paper 2 was easier B1
Marks were higher on paper 2 B1 2 Or similar statement, e.g. ‘higher median’
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Possible valid comments include:
Box plots give quick direct comparisons of
medians and IQRs
Box plots don’t include all the information that
CF graphs do
CF graphs can be used to read off values both
ways round B1 For any one valid comment
etc B1 2 Any other valid comment
6 (i) (a) 1 − 0.7899 = 0.210 (1) M1 Complement of relevant tabular value

A1 2 Correct answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) 0.9209 − 0. 7899 − 0.131 M1 Subtracting relevant tabular values
A1 2 Correct answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (a) 0.7905 + 5 × 0.7904 × 0.210 + 10 × 0.7903 × 0.2102 M1 Any use of B(5, 0.210)
M1 Correct 3 cases identified
A1 Correct numerical expression for required
probability, with their value from (i)(a)
= 0.934 A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) 5 × 0.210 = 1.05 M1 For relevant use of np
A1 2 For correct answer
43 .3 × 471 .9
1837 . 78 −
7 (i) r = 12 M1 Or equivalent; may be implied
 43.32  471 . 92 
164 . 69 −  20915 .75 − 
 12  12 
= 0. 956 A1
The value is close to +1 , B1 For relating the value to 1
and the points in the diagram lie (fairly) close to
a straight line with positive gradient B1 4 For a reasonable comment about linearity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Gradient of regression line is
43 .3 × 471 .9
1837 . 78 −
12 = 15 .9789 M1 May be implied if calculator routine used
43 .32
164 .69 −
12
471 .9  43 .3
y− = 15. 9789  x −  M1 May similarly be implied
12  12 
y = 16. 0x − 18.3 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) y = 16. 0 × 4. 2 − 18.3 M1
Current is 48.8 cms −1 A1 Units required in answer
Diagram indicates some uncertainty, e.g. ± 5 cm s−1 B1 3 Allow any reasonable comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v) The prediction would be (very) unreliable because
of the extrapolation involved B1 1 For conclusion and idea of extrapolation

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS S2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


90
1 Before being packed in boxes, apples in a fruit-packing plant have to be checked for bruising. The apples
pass along a conveyor belt, and an inspector removes any of the apples that are badly bruised. Badly
bruised apples arrive at random times, but at a constant average rate of 1.8 per minute.
(i) Find the probability that at least one badly bruised apple arrives in a one-minute period. [3]
(ii) In a period of a minutes, the probability of at least one badly bruised apple arriving is 0.995. Find the
value of a. [3]
2 A student answers a test consisting of 16 multiple-choice questions, in each of which the correct response
has to be selected from the four possible answers given. The student only gets 2 of the questions correct,
and the teacher remarks that this ‘shows that the student did worse than anyone would do just by guessing
the answers’. The probability of the student answering a question correctly is denoted by p, assumed to be
the same for all the questions in the test.
(i) State suitable null and alternative hypotheses, in terms of p, for a test to examine whether the
teacher’s remark is justified. [2]
(ii) Carry out the test, using a 10% significance level, and state your conclusion clearly. [4]
3 Lessons in a school are supposed to last for 40 minutes. However, a Mathematics teacher finds that pupils
are usually late in arriving for his lessons, and that the actual length of teaching time available can be
modelled by a normal distribution with mean 34.8 minutes and standard deviation 1.6 minutes.
(i) Find the probability that the length of teaching time available will be less than 37.0 minutes. [2]
(ii) The probability that the length of teaching time available exceeds m minutes is 0.75. Find m. [3]
The teacher has a weekly allocation of 5 lessons with a particular class. Assuming that these 5 le ssons can
be regarded as a random sample, find the probability that the mean length of teaching time available in
these 5 lessons will lie between 34.0 and 36.0 minutes. [4]
4 It is given that 93% of children in the UK have been immunised against whooping cough. The number of
children in a random sample of 60 UK children who have been immunised is X, and the number who have
not been immunised is Y. State, with reasons, which of X or Y has a distribution which can be
approximated by a Poisson distribution. [3]
Using a Poisson approximation, find the probability that at least 58 children in the sample of 60 have been
immunised against whooping cough. [3]
Three random samples, each of 60 UK children, are taken. Find the probability that in one of these
samples exactly 59 children have been immunised while in each of the other two samples exactly 58
children have been immunised. Give your answer correct to 1 significant figure. [3]

5 The continuous random variable X has probability density function f given by
k x2 (3 − x) 0 ≤ x ≤ 3,
f( x ) = 
0 otherwise,
where k is a constant.
(i) Show that k = 27

4 , and find E(X ) . [5]
(ii) Find P(X < 2) . [2]
(iii) Use your answer to part (ii) to state, with a reason, whether the median of X is less than 2, equal to 2
or greater than 2. [2]
6 The ‘reading age’ of children about to start secondary school is a measure of how good they are at reading
and understanding printed text. A child’s reading age, measured in years, is denoted by the random
variable X. The distribution of X is assumed to be N(µ, σ 2 ) . The reading ages of a random sample of 80
children were measured, and the data obtained is summarised by Σ x = 892 .7 , Σx2 = 10 266 .82 .
(i) Calculate unbiased estimates of µ and σ 2 , giving your answers correct to 2 decimal places. [3]
(ii) Previous research has suggested that the value of µ was 10.75. Determine whether the evidence of
this sample indicates that the value of µ is now different from 10.75. Use a 10% significance level
for your test. [5]
(iii) State, giving a brief reason, whether your conclusion in part (ii) would remain valid if
(a) the distribution of X could not be assumed to be normal, [1]
(b) the 80 children were all chosen from those starting at one particular secondary school. [1]
7 The breaking strength of a certain type of fishing line has a normal distribution with standard deviation
0.24 kN. A random sample of 10 lines is tested. The mean breaking strengths of the sample and of the
population are x kN and µ kN respectively. The null hypothesis µ = 8 .75 is tested against the
alternative hypothesis µ < 8 .75 at the 2 12 % significance level.
(i) Show that the range of values of x for which the null hypothesis is rejected is given by x < 8.60 ,
correct to 2 decimal places. [4]
(ii) Explain briefly what is meant, in the context of this question, by a Type I error, and state the
probability of making a Type I error. [2]
(iii) Explain briefly what is meant, in the context of this question, by a Type II error, and find the
probability of making a Type II error when µ = 8 .50 . [5]

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS S2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 (i) P( at least one) = 1 − e−1 .8 B1 For any use of Po(1.8)
M1 For use of complementary probability
= 0. 835 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 1 − e− 1. 8a = 0.995 B1
−1.8a = ln 0.005 M1 For correct use of logs in solving for a
a = 2. 94 A1 3
2 (i) Null hypothesis: p = 14 B1

Alternative hypothesis: p < 14 B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Under the NH, numbercorrect~ B(16, 14) M1 May be implied
Hence P(2 or fewer correct) = 0. 1971 A1 Using tables or direct calculation
This is greater than 0.1 (not significant) M1 For comparing with the significance level
There is insufficient evidence to justify the
teacher’s suggestion that the score was worse
than would be produced by pure guesswork A1 4
37.0 − 34.8 
3 (i) P(T < 37. 0) = Φ  = Φ(1.375) = 0.915 M1 Standardising and using tables
 1.6 
A1 2 Correct answer 0.915
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
m − 34 . 8
(ii) = − 0. 674 M1 Equating standardised m to a z value
1 .6
B1 For use of (± )0. 674 in an equation
Hence m = 33 .7 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36.0 − 34. 8   34. 0 − 34 .8  M1
P( 34.0 < T < 36. 0) = Φ  − Φ  For using N( 34 . 8, 1 .6 2 / 5)
 1.6 / 5   1.6 / 5 
A1 For both end-points standardised correctly
= Φ(1.677) − {1 − Φ(1. 118)} M1 Correct process for prob between end-points
= 0. 821 A1 4
4 X ~ B( 60, 0.93), Y ~ B( 60, 0. 07) M1 For either binomial distribution identified

Hence Y is suitable for a Poisson approximation, A1 For correct conclusion
since n is large and p is small A1 3 For correct justification
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Y ~ Po(4.2) B1 May be implied
Required probability is P(Y ≤ 2) M1 For attempted evaluation of relevant Po prob
i.e. 0.210 A1 3 Using tables or direct calculation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
 4.22 −4.2 
Required probability is 4.2 e− 4. 2×  e  ×3 B1 For p1 × p2 × p2 , using Poisson or binomial
 2 
B1 For correct factor of 3
i.e. 0.003 to 1 sf B1 3 Follow through wrong value of 4.2 only

3
5 (i) k ∫ (3x2 − x 3) dx = 1 M1 Equating to 1 and attempting to integrate
0
k [x3 − 14 x4 ]0 = 1
3
A1 For correct integration
k  27 −  = 1 ⇒ k = 27
81 4 A1 Given answer correctly obtained
 4
3
E( X ) = 274 ∫ (3x3 − x 4) dx M1 For correct application of ∫ x f(x ) dx
0
= 95 A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) P( X < 2) = 27
4
[x3 − 14 x 4 ]0 2
M1
= 16
27
A1 2 Or equivalent decimal answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) 1627
is greater than 12 M1 For comparison of answer (ii) with 12
Hence the median is less than 2 A1 2
892 .7
6 (i) x= = 11 .16 to 2dp B1 For correct value 11.16
80
1  892 .72 
s2 = 10 266. 82 −  M1 For this expression, or equivalent
79  80 
= 3.87 to 2dp A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) H0 : µ = 10.75 , H1 : µ ≠ 10.75 B1 Both hypotheses
11 .16 − 10 .75
Test statistic is z = = 1. 86 M1 Standardising attempt using s 2 / 80
3. 87 / 80
A1 Correct value; follow their s
This is greater than critical (2 tail) value z = 1. 645 M1 Or comparing Φ (1.86) with 5%
There is evidence to suggest that the value of µ is
now different A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) (a) Still valid, since the sample size (80) is large Allow any reasoned conclusion mentioning
enough to appeal to the CLT B1 1 the CLT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Not valid, since the children starting at one
school may not be representative of all
children of this age. B1 1 For conclusion and reason
0.24
7 (i) Critical value is 8.75 − 1. 96 × M1 Calculation of correct form 8.75 − z × S.E.
10
B1 Relevant use of − 1. 96
A1 Relevant use of 0.24 / 10
i.e. reject null hypothesis when x < 8.60 A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) NH µ = 8. 75 would be rejected when the mean
breaking strength is in fact 8.75 kN B1
P ( Type I error) = 0.025 B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) NH µ = 8. 75 would be accepted when the mean
breaking strength is in fact less than 8.75 kN B1
Type II error occurs when x > 8.60 B1 May be implied
8.60 − 8.50 
Probability is 1 − Φ   M1 Using normal distribution with mean 8.50
 0. 24 / 10 
A1 Correct standardising, and use of tables
= 0. 0938 A1 5

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS S3
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 A test of the null hypothesis of independence of two characteristics is required for the following
contingency table.
Characteristic 1 Totals
12 9 19 40
Characteristic 2
28 61 71 160
Totals 40 70 90 200
(i) Find the expected frequency corresponding to the cell with observed frequency 12. [1]
(ii) Given that the value of the χ 2 test statistic is 4.80, correct to 3 significant figures, carry out the test at
the 10% significance level. [3]
2 The ‘customer services’ section in a department store deals both with enquiries by telephone and also with
enquiries in person by shoppers in the store. Telephone enquiries occur at random times at an average rate
of 4 per half hour. Shoppers in the store arrive to make enquiries at random times at an average rate of 5
per half hour. Assuming that the two types of enquiries occur independently of each other, find the
probability that a total of between 10 and 20 enquiries (inclusive) have to be dealt with in a randomly
chosen half hour period. [5]
3 A supermarket sells 2 kg bags of new potatoes, in which the potatoes have been selected to be all roughly
the same size. The potatoes used to fill the bags may be assumed to be randomly chosen items from a
population in which the mass, in grams, of an individual potato is normally distributed with mean 90 and
standard deviation 4.
(i) Show that the probability that the total mass of 21 of these potatoes exceeds 2 kg is very small. [4]
(ii) Find the probability that the total mass of 22 of these potatoes exceeds 2 kg. [2]
(iii) The machine filling the bags delivers potatoes one by one until a total mass of at least 2 kg is reached.
Show that the bags are almost certain to contain either 22 or 23 potatoes. [2]
4 A random sample of six observations of the random variable X gave the following values:
3 .2, 1 .8, 4 .0, − 2.1, 6.1, 1.7.
[Σx = 14 .7, Σx = 73 .99 .]
2
The population mean of X is µ . Calculate a 90% confidence interval for µ ,
(i) assuming that X has a normal distribution with variance 8.5,

(ii) assuming instead that X has a normal distribution with unknown variance.
[9]

5 State what distributional assumptions are necessary for it to be valid to use
(i) the two-sample t-test,
(ii) the paired-sample t-test,
to test for a difference in population means. [3]
Two different types of nylon fibre were tested for the amount of stretching under tension. Ten random
samples of each fibre, of the same length and diameter, were stretched by applying a standard load. For
Fibre 1 the increases in length, x mm, were as follows.
12.84 14.26 13.23 14.75 15.13 14.15 13.37 12.96 15.02 14.38
[Σx = 140 .09, Σx2 = 1969 .0513 .]
For Fibre 2 the increases in length, y mm, were as follows.

14.27 13.25 14.17 13.11 14.92 12.12 14.21 13.68 15.14 14.81
[Σy = 139 .68 , Σy 2 = 1958 .9794 .]
Assuming that any necessary conditions for the validity of your test hold, test whether the mean increase in
length of the two types of fibre is different. Use a 10% significance level. [7]
6 Six hens are observed over a period of 20 days and the number of eggs laid each day is summarised in the
following table.
Number of eggs 3 4 5 6
Number of days 2 2 10 6
Show that the mean number of eggs per day is 5. [2]
It may be assumed that a hen never lays more than one egg in any day. State one other assumption that
needs to be made in order to consider a binomial model, with n = 6 , for the total number of eggs laid in a
day. [1]
Calculate the expected frequencies using a binomial model for the above data and carry out a χ 2 goodness
of fit test, using a 10% significance level. [9]

7 The continuous random variable X has a triangular distribution with probability density function given by
1 + x − 1 ≤ x ≤ 0,

f( x ) = 1 − x 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,
0 otherwise.
Show that, for 0 ≤ a ≤ 1 ,
P( X ≤ a ) = 2a − a 2 . [3]
The random variable Y is given by Y = X 2 . Express P(Y ≤ y ) in terms of y, for 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 , and hence
show that the probability density function of Y is given by
1
g( y ) = −1 , for 0 < y ≤ 1 . [3]
y
Use the density function of Y to find E(Y ) , and show how the value of E(Y ) may also be obtained directly
using the probability density function of X. [4]
Determine E( Y ) . [2]

MATHEMATICS S3
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


40 × 40
1 (i) =8 B1 1 For correct answer; working not needed
200
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 4.80 is greater than critical value 4.605 M1 Comparing with a tabular value
A1 Using correct figure 4.605
There is evidence to suggest that the characteristics
are not independent A1 3
2 Model for all enquiries is Po(9) B1 For any mention of a Poisson distribution
M1 Summing two Poisson distributions
A1 For statement of correct parameter 9
Probabilit y = 0. 9996 − 0. 5874 M1 Subtracting relevant tabular values
= 0. 412 A1 5
3 (i) T21 ~ N(1890 , 336) M1 For normal distribution with correct mean
A1 For variance 21 × 4 2 (both these first two
marks may be implied by later working)
2000 − 1890 
P(T21 > 2000 ) = 1 − Φ   = 1 − Φ( 6) M1 For correct processes for relevant tail
 336 
Hence prob is very small since Φ( 6) ≈ 1 A1 4 Correct conclusion, based on suff large z
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 − 22 × 90 
(ii) P(T22 > 2000 ) = 1 − Φ   M1 For relevant new normal calculation
 22 × 16 
= 1 − Φ (1.066) = 0.143 A1 2 For correct probability
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 − 2070 
(iii) P(T23 > 2000 ) = 1 − Φ  = Φ( 3. 649 ) ≈ 1 M1 For relevant calculation for 23 potatoes
 368 
Hence 23 potatoes is almost always enough A1 2 For correct conclusion based on correct figs
14 .7
4 (i) x= = 2 .45 B1 At any stage; may be implied
6
8.5
Interval is 2.45 ± 1.645 × = 2. 45 ± 1.9579 M1 For calculation of the form x ± z σ 2 / n
6
A1 For relevant use of z = 1. 645
i.e. 0.49 < µ < 4.41 A1 4 For correct interval
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 14 .72 
(ii) s2 =  73 .99 −  = 7.595 M1 For correct unsimplified expression for s2
5 6 
A1 For correct value (may be implied)
7.595
Interval is 2.45 ± 2.015 × = 2.45 ± 2. 267 M1 For calculation of the form x ± t s2 / n
6
A1 For relevant use of t = 2.015
i.e. 0.18 < µ < 4.72 A1 5 For correct interval

5 (i) The distributions must be normal B1
The distributions must have equal variances B1
(ii) The differences must be normally distributed B1 3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H 0 : µ x − µ y = 0; H 1 : µ x − µ y ≠ 0 B1 For both
 140 .09 2   139 .68 2 
1969 . 0513 −  + 1958 .9794 − 
Sp =
2  10   10 
M1 Use of correct formula
18
= 0. 8033 A1 May be implied
14.009 − 13.968
Test statistic t = = 0.1023 M1 Use of correct formula
0.8033 (10
1
+ 10
1
)
A1 Correct value of t
This is less than the critical value 1.734 M1 Comparing to tabular value of t
There is not significant evidence of a difference in mean
increase A1 7
3 × 2 + 4 × 2 + 5 × 10 + 6 × 6
6 Mean = =5 M1
20
A1 2 Obtain given answer correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assume that the probability of any hen laying an egg on
any day is constant and that hens lay eggs
independently of each other B1 1 For either constant prob or independence
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distribution to be fitted is B(6, 56 ) B1 May be implied
Expected frequencies are fi = 20 ×   × (56) × (16)

6 i 6− i
M1 For any one calculation using correct method
 
i
f6 = 6.70, f5 = 8.04, f4 = 4.02 A1 All three correct to at least 2dp
f3 = 1. 07, f 2 = 0.16, f1 = 0. 02, f0 = 0.00 A1 For all four correct, or f≤ 3 = 1.25 stated
≤4 5 6
Combining cells: fo 4 10 6 M1 Use of criterion fe < 5 for combining
fe 5.27 8.04 6.70
1.27 2 1.96 2 0.70 2
χ2 = + + = 0.857 M1
5.27 8. 04 6.70
A1 Allow anything between 0.85 and 0.86 (inc)
This is less than the critical value 2.706 M1 Compare with tabular value
Hence there is a satisfactory fit A1 9

7 P( X < a) = P( − a < X < a) M1 For consideration of two areas, or equiv
0 a
= ∫ (1 + x ) dx + ∫ (1 − x) dx A1 Or equivalent trapezium areas
−a 0
= [x + 12 x 2]− a + [x − 12 x2 ]0 = 2a − a2
0 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P(Y ≤ y) = P( X 2 ≤ y) = P( X ≤ y ) = 2 y − y B1 For correct expression
Hence the pgf of Y is

d
dy
(2 y − y) =
1
−1 M1 For differentiation of previous expression
y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
E( Y ) = ∫ y 2 − y d y =
0
1
[y
2
3
3
2
1
]
1
− 12 y 2 = 16
0
M1 For correct integral
1
A1 For answer 6
0 1
E( X 2 ) = ∫ ( x 2 + x3) dx + ∫ ( x 2 − x3) dx M1
−1 0
= [13 x3 + 14 x 4]−1 + [13 x3 − 14 x4 ]0 = 12

0 1
1
+ 121
= 16 A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
0
1
0
1
[
E( Y ) = ∫ y 2 g( y ) d y = ∫ (1 − y 2 ) dy = y − 23 y 2 = 13
1 3
]
1
0
M1 For forming the correct integral
A1 2 Correct answer

MATHEMATICS S4
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 To compare the effect of a new drug on men and women, a small-scale trial was conducted, involving 6
randomly chosen men and 4 randomly chosen women. For each person, the time, in minutes, before the
drug began to take effect was recorded, with the results shown in the table below.
Men 19 32 24 33 31 28
Women 14 13 18 27
Use a suitable non-parametric test to determine if there is evidence, at the 5% significance level, that the
drug acts more quickly in women than it does in men. [5]
2 The continuous random variable X has probability density function given by

λe −λ x x ≥ 0,
f( x ) = 
0 x < 0,
where λ is a positive constant. Show that the moment generating function of X is given by
λ
M X (t ) = . [3]
λ −t
Use this moment generating function to find the mean and variance of X. [4]
3 Events A and B are such that

P( A) = 12 , P( B ) = 13 , P( A ∪ B) = 34 .
(i) Determine, giving your reasons clearly, whether A and B are

(a) mutually exclusive, [1]
(b) independent. [3]
(ii) Find the values of

(a) P( A | B) , [2]
(b) P( A | B′) , where B′ denotes the complement of B. [3]

4 A bin contains a large number of seeds of which 20% will produce a plant with a red flower and 30% will
produce a plant with a yellow flower. The remaining 50% will fail to germinate. Two seeds are chosen at
random from the bin and planted in a pot. The random variables R and Y denote the number of red and
yellow flowers, respectively, that will be produced from the seeds. The table below shows the joint
probability distribution of R and Y.
R
0 1 2
0 0.25 0.20 0.04
Y 1 0.30 0.12 0
2 0.09 0 0
(i) Find the marginal distributions of R and Y. [2]
(ii) Show that E (R ) = 0.4 and find E (Y ) . [2]
(iii) Find Cov ( R, Y ) . [3]
(iv) Find the distribution of Y conditional on R = 1 , and hence state the expected value of the number of
yellow flowers in a pot in which there is one red flower. [2]
5 The discrete random variable X denotes the score obtained in a single throw of an ordinary fair die. Show
that the probability generating function of X may be expressed as
t (1 − t 6 )
. [2]
6(1 − t )
Write down the probability generating function for the total score obtained when three fair dice are thrown.
[1]
Hence show that the probability of obtaining a total score of 10 when three fair dice are thrown is 18 . [6]
6 Explain briefly the circumstances under which a non-parametric test of significance should be used in
preference to a parametric test. [1]
The acidity of soil can be measured by its pH value. As a part of a Geography project a student measured
the pH values of 14 randomly chosen samples of soil in a certain area, with the following results.
5.67 5.73 6.64 6.76 6 .10 5.41 5 .80 6 .52 5.16 5 .10 6.71 5.89 5.68 5.37
Use a suitable non-parametric test to test whether the average pH value for soil in this area is 6.24. Use a
10% level of significance. [4]
Some time later, the pH values of soil samples taken at exactly the same locations as before were again
measured. It was found that, for 3 of the 14 locations, the new pH value was higher than the previous
value, while for the other 11 locations the new value was lower. Test, at the 5% significance level,
whether there is evidence that the average pH value of soil in this area is lower than previously. [4]

7 The continuous random variable X has a uniform distribution on the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ a , where the value of
the parameter a is unknown. Three independent observations, X1 , X 2 , X 3 , of X are taken.
(i) An estimator θ is defined by θ = 23 ( X 1 + X 2 + X 3 ) . Show that θ is an unbiased estimator of a, and

find Var(θ ) in terms of a. [6]
(ii) Another estimator φ is based on the greatest of the three values X1 , X 2 , X 3 . Denoting the greatest of
the three values by the variable G, use the fact that, for any value x between 0 and a,
G < x ⇔ ( X1 < x and X 2 < x and X 3 < x )
to write down the cumulative distribution function of G, and hence to obtain the probability density
function of G. [2]
Hence show that, if φ = 43 G , then φ is an unbiased estimator of a, and determine which of θ and φ
is the more efficient estimator. [4]

MATHEMATICS S4
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 H0 : same distributions of times for men and women,
H1 : lower average for women B1 For both NH and AH
M 4 9 5 10 8 7
Ranks are: M1 For ranking all 10 values
W 2 1 3 6
Test statistic is 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 A1 For sum of women’s ranks
Critical Wilcoxon rank-sum value is 13 M1 For comparing with correct tabular value
Hence reject H0 and conclude that there is evidence to
suggest that drug acts more quickly in women than it
does in men A1 5
∞
2 M X (t) = ∫ etx λ e− λx dx B1 Correct integral stated
0
∞
λ (t − λ) x 
=  e  M1 For correct integration method
t − λ 0
λ
= A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
λ −t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
M X (t) = 1 + +   + K
t t
B1 Three correct terms
λ λ 
1
E( X ) = B1
λ
2
2!  1  1
Var( X ) = −  = 2 M1 For using correct variance formula
λ2  λ  λ
A1 4 Correct answer for variance
3 (i) (a) Not exclusive, since 12 + 13 ≠ 34 B1 1 Conclusion and reason both required
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) P( A ∩ B) = 34 − 12 − 13 = 12 1
M1 Use of correct formula
1
A1 Correct value 12
Not independent, as 12 × 13 ≠ 12 1
A1 3 Conclusion and reason both required
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P( A ∩ B) 1
(ii) (a) P( A | B) = =4 M1 Use of correct formula
P( B)
A1 2 Follow answer to (i)(b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) P( A ∩ B′) = P( A) − P( A ∩ B ) M1 Or equivalent, e.g. from Venn diagram
= 12 − 12
1
= 12
5
A1
P( A | B′) = 12
5
÷ 23 = 5
8
A1 3

0 1 2
4 (i) R : M1 Adding rows (or columns)
0 .64 0 .32 0. 04
0 1 2
Y: A1 2 Both distributions correct
0 .49 0 .42 0. 09
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) E( R) = 0 × 0. 64 + 1 × 0.32 + 2 × 0.04 = 0.4 M1 Correct process for either mean
E( Y ) = 0 × 0. 49 + 1 × 0.42 + 2 × 0. 09 = 0.6 A1 2 Both means correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) E( RY ) = 0. 12 B1
Cov(R, Y ) = 0.12 − 0.4 × 0.6 M1
= −0.12 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 1 2
(iv) Conditional distribution is: 5 3
0 B1
8 8
3
Expected value is 8
B1 2
5 PGF is 1
6
(t + t 2 + t 3 + t 4 + t5 + t 6) B1
t(1 − t 6 )
i.e. B1 2 Use of GP sum to deduce given answer
6(1 − t )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
t3 (1 − t 6 ) 3
B1 1 For cube of answer (i), in any form
216 (1 − t)3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 3
216
t (1 − 3t6 + K)(1 + 3t + 6t 2 + K) M1 For using both binomial expansions
A1 Both correct at least as far as shown
7
Terms in t from product of brackets are: M1 Picking out relevant term(s)
− 3t 6 × 3t A1
1 × 36t 7 A1
Probability = 216
1
(36 − 9) = 18 A1 6 Given answer correctly shown
6 A non-parametric test is needed when there is no

information (or reasonable assumption) available
about an underlying distribution B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deviations from NH value 6.24 are:
− 0.57 − 0.51 0.40 0.52 − 0.14 − 0.83 − 0.44
M1 For calculating signed differences from 6.24
0.28 − 1.08 − 1.14 0.47 − 0.35 − 0.56 − 0.87
−10 −7 4 8 −1 −11 −5
Signed ranks are: A1 For calculating correct signed ranks
2 − 13 − 14 6 −3 −9 − 12
Test statistic is 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 20 < 25 M1 For calculating T and comparing
Conclude that there is evidence to suggest that the
average pH value is not 6.24 A1 4 For correct conclusion based on correct work
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H0 : same average pH as before; H1 : lower value B1 For both hypotheses
Under H0 , tail probability for 3 or fewer out of 14 is M1 For use of relevant binomial distribution
()
1 14
2
× (1 + 14 + 91 + 364 ) = 0.0287 < 0.05 A1 For correct value tail probability 0.0287
Hence reject H0 and accept that average pH is lower A1 4 For correct conclusion based on correct work

7 (i) E( X ) = 12 a B1 May be implied
E( θ ) = 23 × 3 E( X ) M1
= a , as required A1 For conclusion correctly shown and stated
a 2
 a dx − (2 a)
Var( X ) = ⌠
x 1 2
M1
⌡0
= 1 2
12
a A1
Var( θ ) = 49 × 12 a = 19 a 2
3 2
A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
(ii) P( G < x) =  
x
B1
 a
3x 2
Hence pdf is B1 2
a3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 a 3 x3
E(φ ) = ⌠
3
dx M1
⌡0 a 3
= a , as required A1 For conclusion correctly shown and stated
16 ⌠ a 3x 4
Var( φ ) = dx − a2
9
M1
⌡0 a3
= 1 2
15
a < 19 a 2
Hence φ is more efficient A1 4 Correct Var(φ ) and conclusion

MATHEMATICS D1
Discrete Mathematics 1
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae


1 Andy wants to record the following twelve TV programmes onto video tape. Each video tape has space for
up to three hours of programmes.
Programme A B C D E F G H I J K L
1 1 3
Length (hours) 2 2 4
1 1 1 1 1 12 1 12 1 34 2 2
(i) Suppose that Andy records the programmes in the order A to L using the first fit algorithm. Find the
number of tapes needed, and show which programmes are recorded onto which tape. [3]
(ii) Suppose instead that Andy is transferring the programmes from previously recorded tapes, so that
they can be copied in any order, and that Andy uses the first fit decreasing algorithm. Find the
number of tapes needed, and show which programmes are recorded onto which tape. [3]
(a) (b) (c)
(i) By considering the order of each node, classify each of the graphs (a), (b) and (c) shown in the
diagram as Eulerian, semi-Eulerian or neither. [4]
(ii) Explain briefly how your classification in part (i) relates to the problem of finding a route through the
graph that includes each arc exactly once. Are there any restrictions on where such a route can start
and finish? [3]
3 A company has offices is six towns, A, B, C, D, E and F. The costs, in £, of travelling between these towns
are shown in the table.
Town A B C D E F
A – 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 – 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 – 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 – 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 – 14
F 25 13 15 19 14 –
Use Prim’s algorithm, starting by deleting row A, to find the cheapest way of connecting the six towns.
You should show all your working and indicate the order in which the towns were included. [7]

4 An express delivery pizza company promises to deliver pizzas within 30 minutes of an order being
telephoned in. Four customers telephone in orders at the same time. While the pizzas are cooking, which
takes 10 minutes, a delivery route must be planned for the person who will deliver all four pizzas. The
diagram below shows the pizza company P and the four customers A, B, C and D, and the accompanying
table shows the travel times for each possible leg of a journey between them.
P A B C D
P – 5 3 4 2
A 5 – 1 4 4
B 3 1 – 3 5
C 4 4 3 – 7
D 2 4 5 7 –
The travel times shown exclude the time taken to stop at a customer’s house and deliver the pizza; this
stopping and delivery time is 2 12 minutes.
(i) Explain why a travelling salesperson solution taking less than 13 minutes guarantees that all four
customers will get their pizzas (including stopping and delivery times) within 30 minutes of their
telephone call. [4]
(ii) The pizzas are delivered using the nearest neighbour algorithm, as follows.
The first delivery is to the customer who is nearest to P (in the sense of having the shortest travel
time).
The second delivery is to the customer who is nearest to the first one.
The third delivery is to the customer nearest to the second who is still waiting for a pizza.
The fourth delivery is to the remaining customer.
Write down the order in which the pizzas are delivered using this algorithm, and calculate how long
the fourth customer has to wait for their pizza (including the stopping and delivery time). [4]

5 Lou Zitt has a budget of £2000 to spend on storage units for his office. The storage units must not cover
more than 50 m 2 of floor space, and Lou wants to maximise the storage capacity. The three types of
storage unit that he can choose from are shown in the following table.
Type Storage capacity (m3 ) Floor space covered (m2 ) Cost (£)
Antique pine units 3 1 100
Beech wood units 8 4 500
Cedar wood units 6 3 200
Suppose that Lou buys a antique pine units, b beech wood units and c cedar wood units.
(i) Write down two constraints that must be satisfied by a, b and c, other than a ≥ 0 , b ≥ 0 , c ≥ 0 . [2]
(ii) Write down the objective function for this problem. [1]
(iii) Set up the problem as an LP formulation. (You are not expected to solve the problem.) [4]
(iv) Identify which aspect of the original problem has been overlooked in the LP formulation. [1]
6 A graph has five vertices, P, Q, R, S, T, and each vertex is directly connected to every other vertex.
Describe how to apply Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from P to T, and explain why this
requires 6 addition calculations in the worst case. [6]
Show that when Dijkstra’s algorithm is used on a graph with six vertices it requires 10 addition
calculations in the worst case. [2]
The number of additions affects the amount of time that Dijkstra’s algorithm takes to run on a computer.
(i) Assuming that the problem has already been put into a suitable format, what is the other main factor
that would affect the time that Dijkstra’s algorithm takes to run on a computer? [1]
(ii) Dijkstra’s algorithm is of quadratic order (order n 2 ). Explain what this means. [2]
7 A linear programming problem gives the following LP formulation.

Maximise P = 3x + 4 y + 5 z
subject to 2x + 8y + 5z ≤ 3
9 x + 3 y + 6z ≤ 2
and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0.
(i) Set up an initial simplex tableau for this problem. Perform two iterations, choosing first to pivot on
an element chosen from the z column. [9]
(ii) State the values of x, y, z and P that result from each of the two iterations carried out in part (i). [2]
(iii) Explain how you know whether or not the optimal solution has been achieved. [2]

MATHEMATICS D1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 (i) A, B, C, D all fit onto one tape but E doesn’t M1 Applying the algorithm with first tape
Tapes hold ABCD, EFG, HI, J, K, L A1
So 6 tapes are needed A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) First tape contains K and D (or other ‘2 + 1’ pair) M1 Applying the algorithm with first tape
Tapes hold KD, LE, JF, HI, GCAB (or equiv) A1
So 5 tapes are needed A1 3
A B C D E
2 (i) Orders are: (a)
5 5 4 5 5
A B C D E
(b) M1 For recognisable attempt for any one case
5 4 4 4 3
A B C D E
(c)
4 4 4 4 4
Hence (a) is neither, since there are 4 odd nodes A1
(b) is semi-Eulerian, since there are 2 odd nodes A1
(c) is Eulerian, since all the nodes are even A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) No such route exists for graph (a) B1
There are routes for graph (b), but they have to
start and finish at odd nodes, i.e. A and E B1
There are routes for graph (c), where all routes
start and finish at the same node, which can be
any one of the five B1 3
3 A1 B C D E F
A — 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 — 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 — 38 16 15 B1 Deleting row A and choosing AD
D 13 16 38 — 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 — 14
F 25 13 15 19 14 —
A1 B C D2 E F
A — 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 — 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 — 38 16 15 M1 Deleting row D and choose from cols A, D
D 13 16 38 — 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 — 14
F 25 13 15 19 14 —
A1 B C D2 E3 F
A — 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 — 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 — 38 16 15 A1 Correct choice at this stage
D 13 16 38 — 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 — 14
F 25 13 15 19 14 —
A1 B C D2 E3 F4
A — 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 — 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 — 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 — 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 — 14
F 25 13 15 19 14 —
A1 B5 C D2 E3 F4
A — 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 — 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 — 38 16 15 M1 For carrying out the complete algorithm
D 13 16 38 — 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 — 14
F 25 13 15 19 14 —
Arcs: AD = 13, AE = 14 , EF = 14 , FB = 13, FC = 15 A1 All arcs correct
Order of adding is A, D, E, F, B, C B1
Total cost is 13 + 14 + 14 + 13 + 15 = £69 B1 7

4 (i) Travel time available is 30 − 10 − 4 × 2 12 = 10 mins B1
Return time from last delivery is not relevant M1
This can be at least 3 mins (since any route can be
followed in either direction) A1
Hence TSP solution of 10 + 3 = 13 or less suffices A1 4 Given answer correctly explained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The order is DABC B2 Allow B1 for DACB
Total time is 10 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 4 × 2 12 M1 Cooking and stopping times required
i.e. 30 minutes A1 4
5 (i) a + 4b + 3c ≤ 50 B1
a + 5b + 2c ≤ 20 B1 2 Allow any correct unsimplified version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 3a + 8b + 6c B1 1 Allow in the form of an equation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Maximise P = 3a + 8b + 6 c B1
Subject to a + 4b + 3c ≤ 50 B1
and a + 5b + 2c ≤ 20 B1
Together with a ≥ 0, b ≥ 0, c ≥ 0 B1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) The variables a, b, c must be integers B1 1
6 Label Q, R, S, T with direct distances from P, and select

smallest (say Q) B1 Correct description of labelling and selecting
Update distances to R, S, T if route from P via Q is
shorter B1 Correct description of first stage of Dijkstra
The initial 3 possible updates require 3 additions so far B1
Select the smallest of R, S, T and repeat the updating
process; this stage requires another 2 additions B1 Explanation of 2 additions at this stage
The final stage similarly requires 1 addition, so the total
is 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 B1 Given total of 6 correctly explained
Trace back to find the shortest path, including an arc XY
whenever the distance to X plus the length of XY is
the same as the distance to Y B1 6 For explanation of tracing back
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Worst case number is 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 M1
i.e. 10 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) The number of comparisons B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The number of operations needed to complete the
algorithm is (approximately) proportional to the
square of the number of nodes B1 Allow e.g. ‘time taken prop to square of size’
So, for example, doubling the number of nodes
will (roughly) quadruple the amount to be done B1 2

7 (i) Simplex tableau is: M1 Table with correct numbers of rows and cols
P x y z
1 −3 − 4 −5 0 0 0
A1 Correct initial values throughout
0 2 8 5 1 0 3
0 9 3 6 0 1 2
Select 6 in the z column as pivot B1
Result of first iteration is: M1 For correct row operations
P x y z
1 4 12 − 1 12 0 0 5
6
123
A1 Correct values throughout
0 − 5 12 5 12 0 1 − 56 113
1 1 1 1
0 12 2
1 0 6 3
Select 5 12 in y column for second pivot B1

Result of second iteration is: M1 For correct row operations
P x y z
3 20 67
1 3 0 0 11 33 33
A2 9 All values correct; allow A1 if one error
0 −1 1 0 2
11
− 5
33
8
33
0 2 0 1 − 111 8
33
7
33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) After 1 iteration: x = 0, y = 0, z = 13 , P = 1 23 B1
After 2 iterations: x = 0, y = 33 8
, z = 337
, P = 67 33
B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) There are no negative numbers in the top row
of the tableau B1
Hence the solution is optimal B1 2

MATHEMATICS D2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae

This question paper consists of 5 printed pages, 3 blank pages and an insert.
125
Specimen Materials – Mathematics © OCR 2000
1
The diagram represents a system of pipes. The weights show the (directed) maximum capacity for each
pipe in litres per minute.
(i) Calculate the capacity of the cut C marked in the diagram. [2]
(ii) Draw a diagram showing a flow from S to T of 230 litres per minute in which each of the pipes JL,
KM and MT is carrying its full capacity. [1]
(iii) Explain carefully what can be deduced from parts (i) and (ii) about flows through this network. [2]
2 Granny has bought Christmas presents for her five grandchildren.

The teddy bear is suitable for Cathy, Daniel or Elvis;
the book is suitable for Annie or Ben;
the football is suitable for Daniel or Elvis;
the money box is suitable for Annie or Daniel;
the drum is suitable for Cathy or Elvis.
Draw a bipartite graph, G, to show which present is suitable for which grandchild. [2]
Granny decides to give Annie the book, Cathy the teddy bear, Daniel the money box and Elvis the drum.
This leaves Ben without a present, since the football is not suitable for him.
(i) Show the incomplete matching, M, that describes which present Granny had decided to give to each
child. [1]
(ii) Use a matching algorithm to construct an alternating path for M in G, and hence find a maximal
matching between the presents and the grandchildren. [2]

3 Richard and Carol play a two-person zero-sum simultaneous play game. The table shows Richard’s pay-
off matrix for the game.
Carol
Strategy X Strategy Y Strategy Z
Strategy A 2 3 –2
Richard Strategy B –4 –1 –1
Strategy C –5 0 1
(i) Find the play-safe strategy for each player, and hence show that this game does not have a stable
solution. [4]
(ii) Richard’s optimal mixed strategy can be found by using linear programming. Set up a suitable LP
formulation, defining the symbols you use. (You are not required to solve the LP problem.) [4]
4 A relay team consists of four runners, A, B, C and D, each of whom runs one leg of the race. The best
training times, in seconds, for each of the runners over each of the legs are given in the table.
1st leg 2nd leg 3rd leg 4th leg
A 47 45 45 43
B 48 44 45 44
C 46 45 44 43
D 50 47 46 44
Use the Hungarian algorithm to decide which runner should be allocated to which leg of the race. [8]
5 The Rolling Pebbles have been playing as a band for many years. When they tour they sometimes play old
songs, they sometimes play new songs and they sometimes play a mixture of old and new songs. Their
choice depends on the age of the audience. The table shows the audience reaction (as a score out of 10) for
each of the possible combinations. High scores are good.
Audience
Young Mixed Older
Old 1 3 8
Songs played Mixture 3 1 2
New 8 5 3
Explain why, according to this data, the band should never choose to play a mixture of old and new songs.
[1]
The band do not know whether their audience will be young, older or of mixed ages. Suppose that they
choose to play old songs with probability p and new songs with probability 1 − p .
(i) Calculate, in terms of p, the expected reaction from each of the three types of audience. [4]
(ii) Use a graphical method to decide what value p should take to maximise the minimum expected
reaction from part (i). Mark clearly on your graph the vertex where the optimal value occurs. [5]

6 [Answer both parts of this question on the Insert Sheet provided.]
Jim is playing a space adventure game. He has found the alien headquarters and now has four turns to
escape from the planet, or else perish. On each turn, Jim must play one of three tactics. He can attack, run
away or dodge the aliens. The number of energy pods used up during the turn is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Tactic Energy pods used
Attack 2
Run away 1
Dodge 0
The number of squares that Jim travels with each of these tactics is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Energy pods remaining at start of turn
5 4 3 2 1
Attack 6 7 6 4 –
Run away 5 4 4 3 1
Dodge 1 2 1 1 0
Jim currently has five energy pods, and needs to maximise the number of squares that he travels in the four
turns that he has left. He should finish the game with no energy pods remaining, but he needs at least one
energy pod at the start of each of his four turns.
(i) The diagram on the Insert Sheet shows the action (A, R or D) for each possible transition. Mark on
the diagram the cost associated with each action, i.e. the number of squares travelled. [3]
(ii) The dynamic programming tabulation on the Insert Sheet shows stages (turns), states (numbers of
energy pods remaining), actions (A, R or D) and a column for costs (numbers of squares travelled).
Complete this tabulation to find Jim’s best strategy, and the number of squares that Jim travels using
this strategy. [8]

7 The table shows the six activities in a project, together with their durations, precedences and the number of
people required for each activity.
Activity Duration (days) Preceded by People required

A 3 — 2
B 2 — 1
C 1 A, B 3
D 5 B 2
E 4 B, C 1
F 5 D, E 2
Draw an activity network to represent these activities and their precedences. [2]
In addition to the precedences shown in the table, activity E must not start until at least 2 days after activity
B has finished.
(i) Determine the earliest and latest starting times for each activity, for completion of the project in the
minimum time. [4]
(ii) Identify the critical activities, and state the minimum time for completion of the project, assuming that
there are sufficient people available. [2]
(iii) Find the least number of people required for the project to be completed in the minimum time,
explaining your reasoning. [3]
(iv) By how many days must the project over-run if the least possible number of people are used? Justify
your answer. [2]

BLANK PAGE

BLANK PAGE

BLANK PAGE

Candidate
Centre Number Number
Candidate Name ___________________________________________
MATHEMATICS D2
INSERT
This insert contains a diagram for use in Question 6 (i) and a table for use in Question 6 (ii).
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and
attach it to your answers.
This insert consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

133
Specimen Materials – Mathematics © OCR 2000
6 (i) Write your answer on this sheet and hand it in with your answer booklet.

6 (ii) Write your answer on this sheet and hand it in with your answer booklet.
Stage State Action Cost Current maximum

1 R
4 2 A
1 D
R
2
D
3 A
3
R
4 A
A
3 R
D
A
2 4 R
D
A
5
R
A
1 5 R
D
Best strategy is: ..............................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
Number of squares travelled: ...........................................................................................................

BLANK PAGE

MATHEMATICS D2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60


1 (i) Capacity of C is 150 + 80 M1 For adding appropriate weights
i.e. 230 litres per minute A1 2 For correct answer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
B1 1 For all the flows correct
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) The maximum flow is 230 litres per minute B1 For stating the correct maximum flow
Max flow is at least 230 from (ii) and min cut is
at most 230 from (i), and result follows from
max flow = min cut B1 2 For explanation using max flow = min cut
M1 For labels and appropriate connections

A1 2 For completely correct graph
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i)
B1 1 For correct incomplete matching
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
M1 Correct labelling procedure
Alternating path is B–bk–A–mb–D–fb, and so a

maximal matching is (Annie, Money Box),
(Ben, Book), (Cathy, Teddy Bear),
(Daniel, Football), (Elvis, Drum) A1 2 Alternating path and maximal matching

3 (i) The row minima for A, B, C are − 2, − 4, − 5
and the negatives of the column maxima for X,
Y, Z are −2, − 3, − 1 M1 For row minima and/or (neg) column maxima
Hence Richard’s play-safe strategy is A A1
Carol’s play-safe strategy is Z A1
Not stable, since ( −2) + (− 1) < 0 A1 4 Or equivalent demonstration of given result
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 9 4
(ii) Convert to positive values, e.g. 2 5 5 M1 For adding 6 to each entry
1 6 7
Maximise P subject to a + b + c ≤ 1 and
P − 8a − 2b − c ≤ 0 ,
P − 9a − 5b − 6c ≤ 0 , A1 For at least two correct constraints
P − 4a − 5b − 7c ≤ 0 . A1 For all four correct
a, b, c are the probabilities with which Richard
plays strategy A, B, C, and P represents the
value of the game. B1 4
4 Row reduction (or column reduction) gives: M1 For correct row (column) process
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
A 4 2 2 0 A 1 1 1 0
B 4 0 1 0 or B 2 0 1 1 A1 For correct reduced matrix
C 3 2 1 0 C 0 1 0 0
D 6 3 2 0 D 4 3 2 1
Column reduction (or row reduction) now gives: M1 For correct subsequent column (row) process
A 1 2 1 0 A 1 1 1 0
B 1 0 0 0 or B 2 0 1 1 A1 For correct reduced matrix
C 0 2 0 0 C 0 1 0 0
D 3 3 1 0 D 3 2 1 0
Matching is incomplete (3 lines will cover zeros) B1 May be implied

Augmenting the matrix (there are 2 possible results) M1 For correct augmentation process
A 0 1 0 0 A 0 0 0 0
B 1 0 0 1 or B 2 0 1 2 A1 Their reduced matrix correctly augmented
C 0 2 0 1 C 0 1 0 1
D 2 2 0 0 D 2 1 0 0
Possible complete matchings are:

1A, 2B, 3C, 4D or 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D or 1C, 2B, 3D, 4A B1 8 For any one correct solution
5 Because ‘mixture’ is dominated by ‘new’ B1 1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) For ‘young’ expectation is : 1 × p + 8 × (1 − p) M1 Correct calculation method for any one case
i.e. 8 − 7 p A1
For ‘mixed’: 3 × p + 5 × (1 − p) = 5 − 2 p A1
For ‘older’: 8 × p + 3 × (1 − p) = 3 + 5 p A1 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
B2 For correct lines plotted/sketched

B1 For identification of ‘optimal’ vertex
Optimum occurs where 5 − 2 p = 3 + 5 p M1 For equating relevant expectations

i.e. where p = 2
7
A1 5

6 (i)
M1 For showing costs appropriately

A1 For all Turn 1 and Turn 2 costs correct
A1 3 For all remaining costs correct
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Stage State Action Cost
1 R 1 ← B1 Correct details for stage 4
4
2 A 4 ← *
1 D 1+0=1 ← M1 For method of updating costs
R 1+3=4 M1 For sub-optimization
2
D 4+1=5 ← A1 Correct details for stage 3
3
A 1+6=7
3
R 4+4=8 ←
4 A 4 + 7 = 11 ← *
A 1+6=7
3 R 5+4=9 ←
D 8+1=9 ← A1 Correct details for stage 2
A 5 + 7 = 12
2
4 R 8 + 4 = 12
D 11 + 2 = 13 ← *
A 8 + 6 = 14
5
R 11 + 5 = 16 ←
A 9 + 6 = 15
1 5 R 13 + 5 = 18 ← * A1 Correct details for stage 1
D 16 + 1 = 17
The best strategy is 1:Run, 2:Dodge, 3:Attack,

4:Attack A1
The number of squares is 18 A1 8

7
M1 For correct structure and labels (diagram may

alternatively be activity on arc)
A1 2 For all arrows correctly shown (start and
finish nodes may be omitted)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Earliest starting times are: M1 Carrying out forward pass
A B C D E F
A1
0 0 3 2 4 8
Latest starting times are: M1 Carrying out reverse pass
A B C D E F
A1 4
0 0 3 3 4 8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Critical events are A, B, C, E and F B1
Minimum completion time is 8 + 5 = 13 days B1 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
M1 For scheduling attempt, either diagrammatic

or otherwise
A1 For a correct schedule, or equivalent
Since C and D overlap, 5 people are needed A1 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv)
Least number of people is 3 (for activity C) M1

One extra day is required A1 2 A correct schedule or argument is needed

BLANK PAGE

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS
1. Mark in red. Correct answers should be ticked, errors which determine marks should be indicated by
ringing or by a cross or by underlining, and omissions by . Do not cross out or obliterate any work. In
cases of particular difficulty, brief comments written on the script may be helpful should the script be
reviewed at a later stage. Each page of the script (including unused pages in an answer booklet) must have
some indication that it has been seen, e.g. a tick in the margin.
2. Marks are of the following three types.

M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for
numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units. However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate
just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea must
be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula.
A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks
cannot be given unless the associated Method mark is earned (or implied).
B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of Method marks.
The marks indicated in the scheme may not be subdivided. If there is genuine doubt whether a candidate
has earned a mark, allow the candidate the benefit of the doubt. Unless otherwise indicated, marks once
gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored.
3. When a part of a question has two or more ‘method’ steps, the M marks are in principle independent unless
the scheme specifically says otherwise; and similarly where there are several B marks allocated. (The
notation ‘dep *’ is used to indicate that a particular M or B mark is dependent on an earlier, asterisked,
mark in the scheme.) Of course, in practice it may happen that when a candidate has once gone wrong in a
part of a question, the work from there on is worthless so that no more marks can sensibly be given. On the
other hand, when two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full
credit must be given.
4. The symbol implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from
previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A and B marks are given for correct work only — differences in
notation are of course permitted. A and B marks are not given for ‘correct’ answers or results obtained
from incorrect working. When A or B marks are awarded for work at an intermediate stage of a solution,
there may be various alternatives that are equally acceptable. In such cases, exactly what is acceptable will
be agreed at the standardisation meeting.
5. Wrong or missing units in an answer should not lead to the loss of a mark unless the scheme specifically
indicates otherwise. Candidates are expected to give numerical answers to an appropriate degree of
accuracy, with 3 significant figures being the norm. Small variations in the degree of accuracy to which an
answer is given (e.g. 2 or 4 significant figures where 3 is expected) should not be penalised, while answers
which are grossly over- or under-specified should result in the loss of a mark. The situation regarding any
particular cases where the accuracy of the answer may be a marking issue will be decided at the
standardisation meeting.
6. If work is deleted and replaced, mark the replacement. If work is deleted without replacement, mark the
deleted work provided that it is legible. When two solutions are offered (neither crossed out), count what
appears the more serious attempt or the more complete attempt at the question. If attempts are
indistinguishable in these respects, count the better.
7. For a genuine misreading (of numbers or symbols) which is such that the object and the difficulty of the
question remain unaltered, mark according to the scheme but following through from the candidate’s data.
(Note that a miscopy of the candidate’s own working is not a misread but an accuracy error.) All M marks
are available for a ‘misread’ solution, and A or B marks are initially given, as per the scheme, but for

results as modified by the misread. At the end of each part of the question affected, deduct 0, 1 or 2
according as the number of ‘misread’ A and B marks earned in that part is 0, 1–4 or >4. If the misread
makes the question easier, a further deduction of 1 or more marks may be made at your discretion; this
deduction can include M marks.
8. For a partially correct part of a question, exhibit the detailed marks, e.g. M1 A0, in the margin at the point
where the marks have been first earned. Please give sufficient detail to allow your marking to be
understood. For a completely correct part of a question, only the total mark for that part need be given, in
the margin . Do NOT use subtotals (underlined or otherwise). The question total should be ringed and
placed in the margin at the end of the question. This total MUST equal the sum of all the marks in the
margin for that question and should be entered against the question number in the question grid on the
front of the script. (N.B. Addendum to the booklet ‘Instructions for Examiners’: please use the left hand
margin of left hand pages.)
If a candidate’s answer is in two instalments, indicate the carried forward total at the end of the first part
by, for example, and the brought forward total at the start of the second instalment by, for example, .
The total mark for the paper should be obtained (a) by adding all the unringed marks through the script
(checking at the same time that all pages have been marked) and (b) by adding the question marks in the
grid in reverse order. The two totals must, of course, tally, and the resulting figure should be written,
ringed, on the front of the script.
9. The following abbreviations may be used in a mark scheme, or may be found useful for notating a script.
AEF Any Equivalent Form (of answer or result is equally acceptable).
AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra care is needed in checking that the detailed working
leading to the result is valid).
BOD Benefit Of Doubt (allowed for work whose validity may not be absolutely plain).
CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no ‘follow through’ from a previous error is allowed).
ISW Ignore Subsequent Working.
MR Misread.
PA Premature Approximation (resulting in basically correct work that is numerically insufficiently
accurate).
SOS See Other Solution (the candidate makes a better attempt at the same question).
SR Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some
standard marking practice is to be varied in the light of a particular circumstance).
10. Remember that the mark scheme is designed to assist in marking incorrect solutions. Correct solutions get
full marks. Be alert for correct but unfamiliar or unexpected methods — often signalled by a correct result
following an apparently incorrect method. Such work must be carefully assessed. On the other hand, work
must not be judged on the answer alone, and answers that are given in the question, especially, must be
validly obtained. Key steps in the working must always be looked at and anything unfamiliar must be
investigated thoroughly. If a method is not catered for in the scheme, mark at discretion, imitating the
scheme as closely as possible. If a number of candidates are involved, or you are not sure what to do,
telephone your Team Leader.
11. For papers in which graphic (and programmable) calculators are allowed, some answers may be obtained
with little or no working visible. Allow full marks for correct answers (provided, of course, that there is
nothing in the wording of the question specifying that analytical methods are required). Where an answer is
wrong but there is some evidence of method, allow appropriate method marks. Wrong answers with no
supporting method score zero. If in doubt, consult your Team Leader.

12. If in any case the scheme operates with considerable unfairness, mark at discretion but please give a brief
reason and initial the mark. This discretion should only be used very rarely.
13. If there is any suspicion of cheating or copying, mark according to the scheme and enter the marks on the
marksheet as usual. Send the script(s) to your Team Leader, as per OCR instructions. Notes concerning
illness etc should be sent to OCR with the marksheets. Scripts should be marked as per the scheme.
14. Examiners are reminded of the VITAL importance of checking the accuracy of the addition of marks and of
the transcriptions onto the marksheets; in particular that the marks are entered against the right candidates.
Do not assume that the scripts are in the same order as the names on the marksheet. As detailed in §8
above, each Examiner must check the paper total, obtaining the same figure twice by different methods.
The transcription to the marksheet should also be checked; ideally, the Checker should read out the
candidate’s name and mark from the marksheet, while the Examiner checks with the front of the script.
The Examiner has final responsibility for the accuracy of the mark recorded on the marksheet.

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OCR ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE

IN MATHEMATICS (3840, 3841, 3842, 3843 and 3844)

OCR ADVANCED GCE

Specimen Question Papers and Mark Schemes

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 1 © OCR 2000

Advanced Subsidiary GCE

Unit 2631: Pure Mathematics 1 P1

Unit 2637: Mechanics 1 M1

Unit 2641: Probability and Statistics 1 S1

Unit 2645: Discrete Mathematics 1 D1

Unit 2632: Pure Mathematics 2 P2

Unit 2633: Pure Mathematics 3 P3

Unit 2634: Pure Mathematics 4 P4

Unit 2635: Pure Mathematics 5 P5

Unit 2636: Pure Mathematics 6 P6

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 2 © OCR 2000

Unit 2638: Mechanics 2 M2

Unit 2639: Mechanics 3 M3

Unit 2640: Mechanics 4 M4

Unit 2642: Probability and Statistics 2 S2

Unit 2643: Probability and Statistics 3 S3

Unit 2644: Probability and Statistics 4 S4

Unit 2646: Discrete Mathematics 2 D2

Marking Instructions Page 143

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 3 © OCR 2000

TIME 1 hour 20 minutes

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

This question paper consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 5 © OCR 2000

2 (i) Solve the simultaneous equations

(ii) Interpret your solution to part (i) geometrically. [1]

4 Show that the equation

5 Sketch the graph of y = cos x ° , for values of x from 0 to 360. [1]

Sketch, on the same diagram, the graph of y = cos(x − 60)° . [2]

Use your diagram to solve the equation

State how many values of x satisfying the equation

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 6 © OCR 2000

7 A quadratic function is defined by

For the case where k = −4 3 ,

State the set of values of x for which 6 x 2 − x 3 is a decreasing function of x. [2]

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 7 © OCR 2000

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 8 © OCR 2000

For live examinations, each Mark Scheme

This mark scheme consists of 4 printed pages.

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 9 © OCR 2000

2 (i) EITHER : 3x − 7 = x 2 − 3x + 2 M1 Eliminate y to obtain an equation in x only

4 15 (1 − sin 2 θ ) = 13 + sin θ M1 Attempted relevant use of sin 2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 10 © OCR 2000

Area of triangle = 12 × k × k (4 − k) M1 To include attempt at y-coordinate of P in

7 k 2 > 4 × 1× 9 B1 Correct condition stated in any form

OR : 2a = −4 3 and a 2 + b = 9 M1 Expand and equate at least one pair of coeffs

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 11 © OCR 2000

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 12 © OCR 2000

TIME 1 hour 20 minutes

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.

Specimen Materials - Mathematics 13 © OCR 2000

Hence factorise f(x) completely. [3]

2 Solve the inequality x − 100 < 10 . [2]

Hence find the set of integers n that satisfy the inequality

3 Expand (1 + x)5 in ascending powers of x, simplifying the coefficients. [2]

Hence, by letting x = y + y 2 , find the coefficient of y4 in the expansion of (1 + y + y2 )5 in powers of y. [4]

5 At time t minutes after an oven is switched on, its temperature θ °C is given by