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This manual does not explain all theory behind the calculations. It is assumed that
the user knows fundamentals about two stroke engines.
The program is a freeware but still copyrighted which means that it is allowed to
be distributed to anyone from person to person, but with the restriction to not be
back compiled, changed, sold, etc. The software is only available from
bimotion.go.to and must not be distributed on any other web site. Legal action
will be taken against infringement.
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. GENERAL 2
3. TIME-AREA TARGETS 4
4. INTAKE 5
4.1 Piston controlled intake 5
4.2 Rotary valve 7
4.2 Rotary valve 7
4.3 Reed valve 8
5. EXHAUST PORT 10
6. TRANSFER PORTS 11
7. PORT HEIGHT SHAPE FACTOR (HSF) 12
8. CYLINDER HEAD 14
9. Y.E.I.S 17
10. PRINTOUTS 18
12.1 Time-Area calculation example: 18
11. REFERENCES 18
1
1. INTRODUCTION
The program gives a clear indication of the state of tune of the engine, and even lets it
be compared to itself - with modified porting or with larger bore size. Engine data can
be changed rapidly, to see the effects of changing the port width, height, engine speed,
rod length or any of the basic engine dimensions.
Note: for bridged or multiple ports, do not enter a width value which is greater than the
bore; use one half and then double the answer. The program calculates the ports as
rectangular so the Port Height Factor will make this assumption. (See pg. 12.)
The time-area can be varied with engine speed, or one speed can be selected and the
time-area varied as a function of port width, height, stroke, etc. There are several ways
of using the results. One is to take the time-area at peek torque and use the computer
to show what size and timing of the ports would be necessary to maintain this time-area
at a higher speed. Another way is to compare the engine with a more highly tuned
machine and match its time-area. Obviously the carburetor, exhaust, etc. would also
have to be uprated to match the new porting.
The expansion chamber program will guide you to design a basic well working pipe. It
is designed to make it easy to test different approaches of tuning degrees and usage of
Bimotion’s input editor for the simulation program modelno2.exe.
If you that think some output data or recommendations would need more decimals, this
is by purpose. The precision in theory should not be better than in practice.
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2. GENERAL
Start by running Bim.bat. If you halt the program (Ctrl+C) for any reason, restart with
F2. Be sure that caps lock is activated before continuing. The program will not take
lower case as input except from text strings.
Screen print:
Main menu
Choice?
2
You load files in each under-menu. Example:
Continue or (L) to load file àPress “L” …
The program remembers last loaded path used. IMPORTANT! This path must not
contain folders longer than 8 characters/folder!
Data as Bore, Stroke, Rod length will only be necessary to enter once if you not quit,
they will be carried along in every program part.
(*) depends on what the file contains:
.int Piston intake
.rot Rotary valve
.red Reed valve
.exh Exhaust
.tra Transfer
.exp Expansion
.cyh Cylinder head
.yes Y.E.I.S (Yamaha Energy Induction System)
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3
3. TIME-AREA TARGETS
Bore If not entered before
Stroke If not entered before
No. of cyl.
Tuned speed Speed for maximum power
Enter your targets in… Press 1,2 or 3.
Bmep=Braked mean efficient pressure
No. of cyl.? 1
Target Bmep(bar)
---------------------
Road racing 11
Motocross 9
Enduro 8
--------------------
Note! This T-A recommendation is not the same as the general given in accordance to
the port dimensioning. ‘Targets’ are based on several tests of ‘real’ engines with
various tuning degrees. The general recommendation applies to enduro-road racing
tuning. Calculations for exhaust blow down timing is not supported in this program
since such recommendations are very much dependent on the expansion chamber used.
Result screen:
07-30-1999
BIMOTION Time-Area targets
Bore, mm ................................ 54
Stroke, mm .............................. 54
Displacement, cc/cyl .................... 123.67
Average piston speed (m/s) .............. 19.8
No of cylinders ......................... 1
Target in hp ............................ 24.6
kW ............................ 18.1
Bmep ............................ 8
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4
4. INTAKE
When calculating time-area (intake, exhaust, scavenging) enter max.-min. value.
Increment is calculated step.
Choice ?
Back
Answer on 1 of these:
(1/3) Intake opens mm BTDC Enter first two positions if you wish to
(2/3) Intake opens deg BTDC input Dist. of bottom edge …
(3/3) Dist. of bottom edge of port
from top edge of piston at TDC
Piston dimensions:
Piston pin bore (z)
Dist. from top edge of pin to edge of crown (x). (Deck height)
Dist. from top of crown to bottom of
skirt at the position of the port (y)
exhaust
(x)
(y)
(z)
5
The program recommends a certain intake duration interval dependent on the tuning
degree. For RR tuning the crankcase and ports are assumed to be ‘state of the art’. The
short duration recommendation applies to RR-tuning since it run with stronger pulses.
The long one applies to ‘road’ tuning. (Weak pulses need more time). There is no
recommendation for road tuning at high engine speeds.
The carb’s area could in advantage be set to 85% of the intake port area.
Working strategy in short: Decide desired duration and adjust time-area by alter port
width.
Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Piston contr. intake.
Bore, mm .................................. 42
Stroke, mm ................................ 40
Displacement, cc/cyl ..................... 52
Piston area, sq m/cyl ..................... 1194
Rod length, mm ............................ 82
Piston pin bore, mm ....................... 12
Piston skirt length, mm ................... 41.5
Deck height above pin, mm ................. 20
Intake port opens, deg BTDC ............... 92.47
mm BTDC................. 24.2
Tuned speed, rpm .......................... 10000
Menu screen:
----------- Intake menu -----------
Menu..............................(8)
Restart ..........................(9)
Load .............................(10)
Save .............................(11)
Choice ? _
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6
4.2 Rotary valve
Input tuned rpm, Engine, Bore, Stroke, Rod Length and data as requested in the example
below. The port opens deg. before TDC and closes deg. after TDC.
The example previous values are 0 since it shows the first input.
Accept by enter.
----------------------------------
Port top radius, ... 0 ? Rupper
Port height, ....... 0
Port mean width, ... 0 Rtop
Port upper radii, .. 0
Port lower radii, .. 0 H
Wmean
Disc opens, deg .... 0
Disc closes, deg ... 0
Rlower
The result screen:
07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Rotary valve intake.
Bore, mm .................................. 54
Stroke, mm ................................ 54
Rod length, mm.............................. 111
Displacement, cc/cyl ...................... 123.66
Tuned crank speed ......................... 12000
Disc opens, deg ........................... 120
Disc closes, deg .......................... 65
Radii upper, mm ........................... 4
lower, mm ........................... 3
Port radius, mm ........................... 50
height, mm ........................... 18
mean width, mm ....................... 22
width angle, deg ..................... 31.1
equiv. dia, mm ....................... 22.3
Time-area, s-sq mm/cc ..................... 8.1
Menu screen:
--------- Rotary valve menu ----------
Menu............................... (3)
Save............................... (4)
Load............................... (5)
Choice ?
Back
7
4.3 Reed valve
Input tuned rpm, Engine, Bore, Stroke, Rod Length if not entered before as usual.
Input equivalent exhaust port dia., that is exhaust port area equalized to the corresponding
dia. of a circular area. (d0= 4 * A )
π
Bmep= Braked mean efficient pressure.
Crank case compression ratio, for example 1.35:1=1.35
Accept by enter.
--------------------------------------
Eqv. exh. port dia, d0 ... 0 ?
Bmep ..................... 0
Cr.case compr.ratio (>1).. 0
Block dimensions.
-----------------------------
No of ports ...... 0 ?
Width, ........ Xp 0
Length, ....... Lp 0
Radii, ........ Rp 0
Angle, ..... Fi_Rb 0
Warning!
8
Warning (1) : If the reed plate is too thin it will smash the stop plate and cause reed
flutter as is the case at (**) below. Change material or dimensions.
Warning (2) : If the reed petal natural frequency is closer than 20% to crank rpm the
petal is subject to fatigue damage. The life time is much dependent on
the time spent within this rpm interval. A race engine can withstand
closer critical rpm or to pass it often due to frequent services.
Warning (3) : Reed plate tip sealing less than 2 mm will cause this warning.
plate-port over run, mm =Lr-Lp-Xs. (See reed case fig.)
Warning (4) : Increase the area in the block to match the flow requirement.
Warning (5) : Increase the reed lift to match the flow requirement by making it longer,
less width, thinner, change material etc.
Result screen:
07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Reed valve intake.
Bore, mm .................................. 56
Stroke, mm ................................ 50.6
Displacement, cc/cyl ...................... 124.63
Tuned crank speed ......................... 11740
Bmep ...................................... 11
Crank case compr.ratio..................... 1.35
Eqviv. exhaust port dia, mm ............... 37.5
Block width xp, mm ....................... 19.6
length Lp, mm ....................... 32
radii rp, mm ....................... 1
angle rb, deg ...................... 23.5
Reed material ............................ Glass
thickness xt, mm .................... .42
width xr, mm ....................... 22.7
length Lr, mm ....................... 38
mount distance xt, mm ............... 4
duration, deg ....................... 200
no. of ports ........................ 6
07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Reed valve intake.
9
Menu screen:
---------- Reed valve menu -----------
Menu............................... (5)
Save............................... (6)
Load............................... (7)
Choice ?
Back
5. EXHAUST PORT
If you have not entered this before, do now:
Bore, Stroke, Rod length, Tuned speed. (See Intake).
Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Exhaust port.
10
Menu screen:
--- Exhaust/Transfer menu ---
Choice ? _
Back
6. TRANSFER PORTS
Note! Calculate one set of port at a time and summarize them. The summarized time
area for the different ports is not displayed anywhere. You have to do this by yourself.
To get the correct time area for a set of two symmetric ports in the result, input the
sum of both ports width. 3 port types can be separated in the <*.tra> file. If you only
will use the main transfer port, just set the auxiliary and boost ports width and height to
0. Note: Port angels and shapes affects engine characteristics. The program cannot help
you with that.
The transfer duration would typically be 120°-135° dependent on tuning degree, etc.
Current dimensions coming up now belong to the exhaust port data since the
calculating procedure for transfer ports is almost identical. Don’t care.
The transfer port may sometimes be rounded on one side (the width), as for M.U.L.S
porting, but that factor is not implemented here. Decide and use the average width in
that case. The input dialogue is identical as in the exhaust port input.
Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Transfer port. Main port
Bore, mm .................................. 39
Stroke, mm ................................ 41.8
Cylinder displacement, cc/cyl ............. 49.93
Piston area, mm^2 ......................... 1195
Rod length, mm ........................... 92
Port opens, deg ATDC ..................... 116
mm ATDC ..................... 32
Tuned speed, rpm .......................... 10000
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Menu screen: Port set selection:
--- Exhaust/Transfer menu --- Set of transfer ports
---------------------
Time-Area targets .........(0) Main ............ (1)
Crank speed ...............(1) Auxiliary ....... (2)
Port width ................(2) Boost ........... (3)
Port height ...............(3)
Present dimensions ........(4)
Change port dim. (dur,etc).(5) Choice ?
Menu ......................(6)
Restart ...................(7)
Load ......................(8)
Save ......................(9)
Choice ?
Back
H1 Y=H-H1/2
H2
H3 Y H
HSF=Y/H
H1 H2 Y=H3+H2
Y H
H3
H1 H1=(H-Y)/2
Y=0.8*H
Y H HSF=Y/H
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12
EXHAUST PIPE
Recommended length of the header is the suggested. The angels are referred from the
centerline of the figure. Exhaust temperature (deg. Celsius) can be varied in a certain
range and refers to the temperature in the exhaust port. Note that coned header might
reduce braked power since the exhaust temperature might decrease too much or/and if
the tuning degree is too low or other properties such as port area are mismatched.
You do only have to decide your tuned working speed, all other dimensions have
recommendations that will guide you to a well working basic design.
HE D1 D2 D3 Belly B1 B2 Stinger
HE Header
D Diffusor Chord length
B Baffle
R2
R1
Choice ? _
13
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Expansion chamber
07-30-1999 TEST
Present inside manufacturing dim. for Exp.Chamber cones in mm.
8. CYLINDER HEAD
Bore
Stroke
Rod length
Tuned working speed
Answer on 1 of these 3: Enter to move down if you wish to
answer for ex. (3/3)
Previous : deg ATDC 0
(1/3) Port opens: deg ATDC ?
Previous : mm ATDC 0
(2/3) Port opens: mm ATDC
Previous port height 0
(3/3) Port height:
14
Next screen:
Previous volume ...... : 3.74
Continue to head design or enter vol(cc) ? (*)
Note: When you design your head, the program do not know what squish gap the
design finally should have. The list above is based on the latest control volume. That
means if you make a big gap change from the previous gap you will have another max
squish velocity in the result list since the head’s recalculated volume is based on your
new input. This is not the case if you input a desired volume as input, no matter how
you change your gap, the volume will be the stated. This is not an error; it’s a logic
consequence.
15
Result screen:
07-15-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Cylinder head.
Bore, mm .................................. 38
Stroke, mm ................................ 42
Rod length, mm ............................ 92
Cyl.displ, cc ............................. 47.63
Port height, mm ........................... 22.3
opens ATDC, deg ...................... 80
Squish band height, mm .................... 1
area, % ....................... 44
Piston curve height, mm ................... 2
radius, mm ................... 91
Bowl depth, mm ............................ 10.5
dia , mm ............................ 28.4
Cyl.head volume, cc ....................... 3.03
Compression ratio (trapped) ............... 9
Compression ratio (swept) ................. 18
07-15-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Cylinder head.
The result shows a lot of information. Max squish pressure ratio is the pressure
ratio of the squished volume (between the squish band and the piston) and the bowl to
piston volume (between the bowl area and the projected piston surface) .
Comp.work ,J is the compression work done each stroke in Joule.
Squished kin. energy, mJ is the energy created by mass movement of the gas in
Joule * 103.
The ratio comp.work/sq. kin. energy is called the turbo ratio.
I have not published that in the result plot since it is meaningless unless you are not an
expert in thermodynamics. (If you are, you do not need to read this).
Adiabatic compressed temp is the temperature increase of the gas at TDC with no
heat loss through the surrounding. The default temp at 1 atm. is 20° C. This might be
changed in menu choice (3):
16
Menu screen:
Menu ...............................(6)
Save ...............................(7)
Load ...............................(8)
Choice?
Back
9. Y.E.I.S
Bore
Stroke
Rod length Don’t care
Carb. dia.
Crank speed to improve your flat spot rpm
Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Y.E.I.S
Menu screen:
------------ Y.E.I.S menu -----------
Menu ................................(6)
Save ................................(7)
Load ................................(8)
Choice ? _
Back
17
10. PRINTOUTS
You can Cut and Paste the graphs if you run in windows mode. (To be found in
Gearing & Road loads) Close all other programs when you wish to display the graph or
else you may have to reset your computer. ‘Print Scrn’ can be established if you do not
run in windows.
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11. REFERENCES
1. J.M. Desantes, F.Boada, J.M. Corbearán, ”Exhaust Pipe Design Method for
the Optimization of the Scavenging Process”
2. Shigeru Onishi, Souk Hong Jo, Pan Do Jo, Satoshi Kato, ”Multi-Layer Stratified
Scavegning (MULS) -A New Scavenging Method for Two Stroke Engine”
3. John Robinson, ”Motorcycle Tuning”
4. A.Graham Bell, ”Performance Tuning in Theory & Practice”
5. Roy Bacon, ”Two Stroke Exhaust Systems”
6. Noriyuki Hata, Takeo Fujita, Noritaka Matsuo (Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.)
”Modification of Two-Stroke Engine Intake System for Improvments of Fuel
Consumption and Performance through the Yamaha Energy Induction System
(YEIS)”
7. D.S. Sandborn, W.M. Roeder, ”Single Cycle Simulation Simplifies
Scavenging Study”
8. A. Jante, ”Scavenging Flow Ducts of 3-Cylinder Two-Stroke Cycle Engines”
9. E.Bratt, ”Praktisk Flygteknik”
10. Gordon .P. Blair, ”Design & Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines”
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