Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary

My cousin sister JamVibha, as I call her [i], wife of Jwalant Buch (Chartered Accountant from
Mumbai), encouraged me to wake up early at 4 a.m. and join other relatives visiting
Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary Close to Jamnagar in the last week of December 2009. Prior
thereto, in 1983 I had visited Khijadiya with AchhuMamma, son of Harukaka VeeniBhai
Mankad and VandanaKaki daughter of KrishnaKant Dholakia . Hon’ble Judge & Cricketer
MasaSri H P Baxiji had given his vehicle to me for the whole day for Khijadiya Bird
Sanctuary visit.
Visit discussed here was organized by Dr. Dhawal R. Mankad. Unquestionably the pleasure
was mine to remain present with all wildlife enthusiasts. Revant J. Buch was with me in my
Van. Advocate Sriman Hitesh D. Buch had agreed to drive Maruti Van (1995 Model) with
Jwalant Buch family and myself in it at about 4:30 a.m.
I expected winter chills early morning but December in Jamnagar was not that cold. I
missed winter chills earlier experienced during all my winter wildlife area visits in the North
and other cold countries.
Kathiawadi Birds are rare and famous [ii]. Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary is one of the top bird
watching sites for the Indian Skimmer (Rynchops albicollis). The bird has long pointed tern
like wings about 40–43 cm long [wingspan of 108 cm] with a white trailing edge, a striking
red bill (orange with a yellow tip can be seen at times) and black–head prominent against
its predominantly white body. This vulnerable bird species needs to be protected. Non–
breeding adult Skimmers [iii] are duller and browner than breeding birds (feet and legs are
red). Skimmers, have a short upper mandible and lower part of mandible is longer that
helps effortless seizure of aquatic prey while airborne along water surface. The lower bill is
pointed like a knife and lower part of its bill is flexible. Tip of its bill appears truncated. The
short, forked tail is white with blackish middle feathers which can be seen when the bird is
in flight.
Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary has fresh–water Lake on one side of the road; and, on the other
side of bisecting cemented pathway there are salt water marshes facing serene and quiet
sea.
Silent walk on this bisecting long path or concrete road track offered good prospect of
observing both kinds of wetlands to witness a diversity of wading flora and fauna that are
characteristic of each kind of unique eco system. One can get to know the fresh water birds
as well as shallow sea shore life.
Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary is an important stronghold of Sarus Crane (Grus antigone). A hefty
non–migratory crane originated in parts of Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and
Australia. Sarus Crane have overall grey body colour with contrasting red head and upper
neck. Sarus [iv] Crane prefers to forage on marshes and shallow wetlands for roots, tubers,
insects, crustaceans and small vertebrate Prey.
Most Cranes are in for a long–lasting nuptial pair–bonds and maintain a province within
which they perform territorial and courtship elegant exhibition that include loud
trumpeting, leaps and dance–like graceful movements. In India and Japan Cranes are
considered symbols of marital fidelity, believed to mate for life and pine the loss of their
mates even to the point of starving to death.
These Cranes breed during the rainy season.
Rainy season is selected with a view to take care of chicks after they hatch from the eggs.
The pair jointly builds an enormous nest “island”, a circular platform of reeds and grasses
nearly two metres in diameter and high enough to stay above the shallow water
surrounding it.
I had seen many Comb Ducks in 1980s and by now Khijadiya is a permanent residence of
Nakta (Sarkidiornis melanotos) or Comb Duck, Spot–bill and other smaller variety of coots
and ducks. It is only known species of genus Sarkidiornis [v]. Adults have a white head
freckled with dark spots, and a pure white neck and under parts. The upperparts are glossy
blue–black upperparts, with bluish and greenish iridescence especially prominent on the
secondaries (lower arm feathers). Male is always larger than Female, and has a large black
knob on the bill. Whereas in most birds of Prey the Males are weaker, less ferocious and
smaller in size as compared to vicious females. Young birds are dull buff below and on the
face and neck, with dull brown upperparts, top of the head and eye stripe. Poachers shoot
this bird for meat as these are heavier and bulky birds.
The peaceful Khijadiya lake attracts large flocks of migratory ducks like Shoveler [vi] and
Pintail. It is an important site for the Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri). This diving duck is
found in eastern Asia. It breeds in Southeast Russia and north–east China, migrating in
winter to southern China, Vietnam, Japan, and India (Also visits Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary).
The name commemorates the Estonian naturalist Karl Ernst von Baer.
At 41–46 cm, it is similar in size and stance to its close relative the Ferruginous [vii]
Duck (A.
nyroca), although the coloration of the drakes (males) is entirely different.
Baer's Pochard males are similar to those of the Greater Scaup (A. marila). The white lower
flanks and belly are conspicuous (uppers are dark). The females of Baer's Pochard and the
Ferruginous Duck are quite similar, but that holds true for the females of almost all Aythya
species.
Eclipse males resemble females, but retain the white eye.
Many times the Black–necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus) can be found nesting on
high thorny branches of Khijadiya lake side. It is a tall long–necked wading bird in the stork
family. It is a resident species across South and Southeast Asia [viii] with a disjunct
population in Australia. It lives in wetland habitats to forage for a wide range of animal
prey. Adult birds of both sexes have a heavy bill [ix] and are patterned in white and glossy
blacks, but the sexes differ in the colour of the iris.
In Australia, it is sometimes called a Jabiru although that name refers to a stork species
found in the Americas. This variety of storks is strongly territorial when feeding. The Black-
necked Stork is a large bird, 130–150 cm (51–60 inches) tall having a 230–cm (91–inch)
wingspan. The average weight is around 4100 grams. In fact all Stork(s) are huge [x] birds.
This is also one of the few sanctuaries in peninsular India where the Crested xi Grebe
(Podiceps cristatus) breeds. The Great Crested Grebe has an elaborate mating display. Like
all grebes, it nests on the water’s edge, since its legs are set relatively far back and it is
thus unable to walk very well. Usually two eggs are laid, and the fluffy, striped young Grebe
is often carried on the adult’s back.
Khijadiya is also the breeding area for a number of wading birds. Flamingos also consider
this sanctuary to be its home and breeding ground. The birds of prey xii found here
generally are few varieties of Owl, Black Winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus) [xiii], Osprey [xiv]
(Pandion haliaetus), White Eyed Buzzard [xv] (Butastur teesa), and Pariah Kite (Milvus
migrans) he Black Kite (Milvus migrans) is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family
Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. Unlike others of the group,
they are opportunistic hunters and are more likely to scavenge.
They spend a lot of time soaring and gliding in thermals in search of food. Their angled
wing and distinctive forked tail make them easy to identify. Migratory Kestral Falcon [xvi] and
few other type of falcons can be observed flying across this region.
Sometimes a smaller variety of Mongoose can be spotted and a few non poisonous
nocturnal snakes that feed on eggs and chicks of water birds.
Our group was not all that lucky to spot all the above birds from a closer distance but
generally we could see many birds in the region during our all told stay of about half an
hour. In fact, detailed bird watching would require either on site camping, or one has to
locate a place of observation a day before and take positions before 5 a.m. with zoom lens
camera or powerful binoculars. From December onwards till February one can see many
birds in Khijadiya; Nal Sarovar [xvii] near Ahmedabad, Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary [xviii],
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary a week end outing for Delhi walas [xix], or any huge broad and
deep lake in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, M.P. region and U.P. region would have
winter migratory birds and water birds (One can see these birds and many more [xx] in
Ranthambore Tiger Reserve).
In Europe winter is full of snow and these birds are not used to live in deep snow. Therefore
they migrate in Asian regions to breed where climate is just as good as summer time in
their home town.
It is also very important to visit Pirotan [xxi] Islands [22°35′59.7″N 69°57′20.8″E /
22.599917°N 69.955778°E / 22.599917; 69.955778] near Jamnagar [xxii]. Very rare coral reef
Island. One has to take prior permission of Naval authorities or Fisheries Department, etc.,
before visiting Pirotan Islands. I have not visited this place yet but friends who have visited
have seen small variety of octopus and excellent type of coral reef that can be seen at the
shallow bottom of the sea when you set the sail for Pirotan visit from Land’s End near
Jamnagar (Bet Dwarka is also an Island but that is situated near Positara region touching
Arabian Sea [xxiii] with deadly underwater currents.
I have had many opportunities to swim in Ernakulum/Cochin Sea (during my Naval Training
at the Gunnery School, Cochin Naval Base through NCC [xxiv]), but I would not try swimming
in Positera waters or Bet Dwarka region.
The Cochin sea remains infested with deadly electric ray. But the very deep sea near Bet
Dwarka is a bit more risky even for best Naval swimmers on account of massive pull of
underwater currents [xxv] towards the Arabian Sea.
I was told that the Sea at Pirotan Island is not as deadly as that in Bet [xxvi] Dwarka but one
has to leave Pirotan Island as soon as high tide begins.
I hope that I am able to visit Pirotan [xxvii] Island in 2011 December and am lucky enough to
see small Octopus, etc., marine life and the coral reef. One needs to obtain prior
permissions from the Central Governmental Authorities and local administrators.
The millions of years old coral reef at Pirotan is fully protected by the government. Pirotan
is not far from Jamnagar.
Jamnagar is about seven hours ride from Ahmedabad. Friday evening departure from
Ahmedabad can bring you back on Monday morning. (Regular flights operate from Mumbai
to [xxviii] Jamnagar). There are no within Gujarat State flights.
At Khijadiya, while I was explaining few wildlife related concepts to Revant J. Buch I realized
that I still continue to be a wildlife wala. Sometimes I used to think that more than 25 years
of strictly legal readings and courtroom appearances w.e.f. 1982 till 2006 or corporate legal
opinions from 1982 till date would have taken me away from the Nature and Wildlife in
absence of any close encounters of the Wildlife kind in the recent past.
But luckily, I realized that I’ve remained the same when I reach jungles or the sea. The old
knowledge automatically surfaces. It is neither repressed nor suppressed. It is just there.
Memory would be the ‘past experience’ plus timely ‘recollection’ thereof.
I would surely recommend that one may think about visiting Jamnagar and nearby places.
If one has done a bit of reading about Jam royal family and about Jamnagar and nearby Sea
Ports the visit shall be fun and education for all visitors. If required one can reduce travel
costs by avoiding stay in very expensive hotels.
However engaging local taxi would be better option in all seasons. I am most
uncomfortable in summer time in Gujarat. Also the heat is terrible. I would therefore
recommend that one may avoid rainy season (June 15th to September) due to water
clogging and high velocity winds that may disturb the roadside scene (fallen tress and what
not earlier witnessed by me many years ago).
Best period for those reaching Kathiawad from the north (all areas above Rajasthan State)
is December and January. Better to stay in touch with Gujarat Tourism Department for the
latest.
Jr. Mohak Dhawal Mankad had decided not attend his extra study classes on the day of our
visit in December 2009.
I close the chapter of my visit with a wish that all the readers may be able to visit Khijadiya
Bird Sanctuary and enjoy few moments by being with the nature.
End Notes
i
I took this name in reminiscence of the great King Jam Vibhaji.
Miss Vibha Jitendra Mankad, Advocate (daughter of late Sri J. H. Mankad, A C Customs – Jamnagar), being originally
from Jamnagar I coined the word ‘JAM’ from Jamnagar and her name is ‘Vibha’ so I combined Jam + Vibha in memory of
His Excellency my Lord the King of Jamnagar named Jam Vibha. The Kings of Jamnagar as per my imperfect list are as
follows: (1) Lakhaji (1540 – 1562) » (2) Jam Rawal (Jamnagar founded in the year 1535 or 1540) » (3) Jam Vibhaji
(1562 to 1569) » (4) Jam Sataji (1569 to 1608) » (5) Ajaji or Ajoji (1624 to 1645) » (6) Jam Lakhaji (1645 to 1661) » (7)
Jam Raysingji (Period of RanjitSinji Lakhaji 1661 to 1664) » (8) Phalji of Bhanwad (Period of Jam Tamachi 1673 to
1690) » (9) Jasoji (Period of Lakhaji 1690 to 1710) » (10) Ranmalji (Period of RanjitSinhji Lakhaji 1710 to 1718) » (11)
Megrajji (Jam TAMACHI HARDHOLJI 1727 to 1743) » (12) Jasoji (Period of Jam LAKHAJI III TAMACHI JI 1743 to 1768) » (13)
Raydhanji or Radhubbai (Jam JASAJI LAKHAJI 1768 to 1814) » (14) Jahalamsingji » (15) Jiwantsingji (Jam SATAJI LAKHAJI
1814 to 1820) » (16) Ranjitsingji [Lt. Col. HH Maharaja Jam Sahib Shri Sir RANJITSINHJI VIBHAJI 1906 to 1933 ] (after the
period of Jam Sahib RANMALJI II SATAJI 1820 to 1852) » (17) Jawansingji (HH Maharaja Jam Sahib VIBHAJI II RANMALJI 1852
to 1895) » (Pratapsingji) (18) Digvijaysingji [HH Maharaja Jam Sahib Shri DIGVIJAYSINHJI RANJITSINHJI 1933 to 1966 ] (after
the period of HH Maharaja Jam Sahib JASHWANTSINHJI VIBHAJI 1895 to 1906) (Himatsingji & Duleepsingji) » Present Jam
Sattaji; AND Sriman Saheb DaulatSinhji P. Jadeja (Son of Pratapsingji) 5 tenure Member Parliament (Lok Sabha), New
Delhi. The King Jam Vibhaji was the son of Jam Rawal of Jam Lakhaji (whose 13th descendant was His Excellency Jam
RanjitSinhji the Hon’ble Cricketer) appearing at serial number 16 above in the concise list prepared. The present Jam
Saheb is HH Maharaja Jam Sahib SHATRUSALYASINHJI DIGVIJAYSINHJI born 20th March 1939 [13 gun salute State of
Nawanagar renamed as Jamnagar- Territory Accession15th February 1948].
ii
http://www.wildsaurashtra.com/
iii
BirdLife International (2009). Rynchops albicollis. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton
(2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 201; Whistler, Hugh (1949). Popular
handbook of Indian birds. Edition 4. Gurney and Jackson, London. pp. 487–489. Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Charadriiformes,
Family: Rynchopidae, Genus: Rynchops, Species: R. albicollis.
http://www.archive.org/stream/popularhandbooko033226mbp#page/n537/mode/2up .
iv
BirdLife International (2009). "Species factsheet: Grus antigone" http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?
action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=2787&m=0; Blanford, W.T (1896). "A note on the two sarus cranes of the Indian region". Ibis 2: 135–
136; Wood, T.C. & Krajewsky, C. (1996). "Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation among the subspecies of Sarus Crane (Grus antigone)"
(PDF). The Auk 113 (3): 655–663. http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v113n03/p0655-p0663.pdf ; Vyas, Rakesh (2002). "Status of Sarus
Crane Grus antigone antigone in Rajasthan and its ecological requirements". Zoos' Print Journal 17 (2): 691–695.
http://www.zoosprint.org/ZooPrintJournal/2002/February/691-695.pdf Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Genus: Grus Species: G. antigone Binomial name Grus antigone.
v
Andrews, C.W. (1897): On some fossil remains of Carinate birds from central Madagascar. Ibis 7(3): 343–359.
Bencke, Glayson Ariel (2007): Avifauna atual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: aspectos biogeográficos e distribucionais ["The Recent
avifauna of Rio Grande do Sul: Biogeographical and distributional aspects"]. Talk held on 2007-JUN-22 at Quaternário do RS: integrando
conhecimento, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; BirdLife International (BLI) (2004). Sarkidiornis melanotos. 2006. IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2006.
vi
The shovelers, formerly known as shovellers, are four species of dabbling ducks with long, broad spatula-shaped beaks: Red
Shoveler, Anas platalea, Cape Shoveler, Anas smithii, Australasian Shoveler, Anas rhynchotis, Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata.
vii
BirdLife International (BLI) (2004). Aythya baeri. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org.
Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes a range map, a brief justification of why this species is vulnerable, and the criteria
used. Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves; Order: Anseriformes; Family: Anatidae; Genus: Aythya; Species: A. baeri.
viii
I had seen good many birds of Stork variety in TiriKali Kundalam near Chennai and also Delhi Zoo houses good variety.
ix
Round, P.D. & Amget, B. & Jintanugol, J. & Treesucon, U. (1988). "A summary of the larger waterbirds in Thailand". Tigerpaper 15: 1–
9; Sundar, K. S. G. (2004). "Group size and habitat use by Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in an agriculture-dominated
landscape in Uttar Pradesh, India". Bird Conservation International 14: 323–334.
x
Canadian Condor is real huge giant size bird. Peacock in Asia is also a very large bird. Emu and Ostrich are huge birds in the category
of flightless birds. Storks also have very large beak. They rarely emit any sound as they communicate by clapping their huge beaks. I
was wondering if Jatayu the mythological bird was HornBill, Condor, or a Golden Eagle? HornBill (non ferocious) is generally found in the
parts near Chitrakut in Uttar Pradesh and it eats only fruits being pure vegetarian. Whereas other huge varieties are all birds of prey, are
ferocious and essentially non–vegetarian. In the Hindu epic Ramayan, Jatayu is the son of Aruṇa and nephew of Garuda. A demi–god
who had the form of a vulture, and was an old friend of Dasharatha (Sri Ram's father). The Bird Jatayu had put up a valiant fight in
attempting to rescue Sita from Ravan (literal quotes may not be valid as per scientific findings but sayings indicated a near instance
that happened as per the epic explained in a manner that listener of those times could understand with his limited brain usage power.
The man of those days was not as aware as a child of 2001 because information was availability and dissemination very rare. Distances
between two places were difficult to cover and therefore general awareness of topography also may not have even been ten percent of
today’s normal teenager child of rich parents). It is also said that Jatayu and his brother Sampati, when young, used to compete as to
who could fly higher. On one such instance Jatayu flew so high that he was about to get seared by the sun's flames. Sampati saved his
brother by spreading his own wings and thus shielding Jatayu from the hot flames. In the process, Sampati himself got injured and lost
his wings. As a result, Sampati lived wingless for the rest of his life.
xi
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae Genus:
Podiceps Species: P. cristatus Binomial name Podiceps cristatus. In a clutch of two or more hatchlings, male and female Grebes will each
identify their 'favourites', which they alone will care for and teach. Unusually, young grebes are capable of swimming and diving almost
at hatching. The adults teach these skills to their young by carrying them on their back and diving, leaving the chicks to float on the
surface; they then re-emerge a few feet away so that the chicks may swim back onto them. The Crested Grebe feeds mainly on fish, but
also little crustaceans, insects and small frogs.
xii
Any one interested in finding out more about Falconry can do so by visit to the following Falconry Sites that I located on the internet
some time ago. My Falconry photographs are not traceable during various shift of luggage from Delhi to Gujarat to Chennai to Delhi to
Gujarat. I shall share ‘m all if I can locate those photographs.
http://www.countryman.co.uk/falconry.htm; http://www.hancockwildlife.org/staticpages/index.php/20060914180819354;
http://www.falconryexperience.com/; http://www.falconry.pl/; http://huntingsociety.org/falconry.html;
http://www.robslade.demon.co.uk/photos/NBPC/index.htm National Birds of Prey Center http://www.britishfalconersclub.co.uk/index.htm
xiii
The Black-winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus) is a small diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae best known for its habit of hovering
over open grasslands in the manner of the much-smaller kestrels. Ali, S & S D Ripley (1978). Handbook of the birds of India and
Pakistan. 1 (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 212–214. ISBN 0195620631.
xiv
Sometimes known as the sea hawk or fish eagle, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey. It is a large raptor, reaching 60 centimetres
(24 in) in length with a 2 m wingspan. It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts, with a black
eye patch and wings.
The Osprey tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is
found on all continents except Antarctica although in South America it occurs only as a non-breeding migrant.
xv
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Falconiformes Family: Accipitridae Genus: Butastur
Species: B. teesa Binomial name Butastur teesa. is a medium sized hawk, unrelated to the true buzzards of the genus Buteo, found in
South Asia. Adults are characteristic, having a rufous tail, a distinctive white iris and a white throat with a contrasting mesial stripe and
bordered by dark moustachial stripes. The head is brown and the median coverts of the upper wing are pale. They do not have typical
carpal patches found on the underside of the wings of true buzzards but the wing lining appears dark in contrast with the flight feathers.
They often sit upright on perches for prolonged periods and will soar on thermals in search of insect and small vertebrate prey. They are
vociferous in the breeding season and several birds may be heard calling.
xvi
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae Genus: Falco (partim) Species. Kestrels
are most easily distinguished by their typical hunting behaviour which is to hover at a height of around 10–20 metres (33–66 ft) over
open country and swoop down on prey, usually small mammals, lizards or large insects. Other falcons are more adapted to active
hunting on the wing. In addition, kestrels are notable for usually having much brown in their plumage. Kestrels require a slight headwind
in order to hover, hence a local name of Windhover for Common Kestrel.
xvii
http://www.mustseeindia.com/Ahmedabad-Nal-Sarovar-Bird-Sanctuary/attraction/13551; http://www.indiawildliferesorts.com/bird-
sanctuaries/nal-sarovar-bird-sanctuary.html; http://www.bcmtouring.com/forum/travelogues-west-india-f62/nal-sarovar-bird-sanctury-nr-
ahmedabad-t1732/; http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=1272;
http://www.ahmedabadcity.com/tourism/html/nalsarovar.html
xviii
http://www.bharatpursanctury.com/; http://www.indianwildlifeportal.com/wildlife-sanctuaries/bharatpur-wildlife-sanctuary.html;
http://www.ghumakkar.com/2009/11/08/trip-to-bharatpur-bird-sanctuary/; http://www.india-wildlife.com/bharatpur-bird-sanctuary.html
xix
http://www.sultanpurbirdsanctuary.com/; http://www.haryana-online.com/sultanpur_sanctuary.htm;
http://www.indiawildliferesorts.com/wildlife-sanctuaries/sultanpur-bird-sanctuary.html; http://www.exploredelhi.com/delhi-
getaways/sultanpur-national-park.html
xx
http://www.ranthamborenationalpark.com/; http://www.ranthambhore.com/park.html; http://projecttiger.nic.in/ranthambhore.htm
xxi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirotan
xxii
http://www.jamnagar.org/; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamnagar; http://www.webindia123.com/city/gujarat/jamnagar/intro.htm;
http://www.mcjamnagar.com/; http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=108&webpartid=111;
http://www.interoceangroup.net/agency/jamnagar.html; http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/IND_Port_of_Bedi_Bunder_1650.php
xxiii
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea; http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31653/Arabian-Sea; http://i-
cias.com/e.o/arab_sea.htm; http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Arabian_Sea.aspx
xxiv
http://nccindia.nic.in/; http://nccindia.nic.in/ncc_song.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India);
http://ncc.delhigovt.nic.in/default.htm; http://mod.nic.in/reports/report01/cap13.pdf
xxv
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermohaline_circulation;
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Mi-Oc/Ocean-Currents.html; http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Sea_Currents
xxvi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarka; http://www.dwarkadhish.org/userfiles/image/21.htm; http://wikimapia.org/7947930/Bet-
Dwarka; http://www.tsiindia.com/gujarat/tourist-attractions-gujarat/beaches/bet-dwarka-beach-jamnagar.html
xxvii
http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=7&webpartid=20 ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirotan Pirotan Island
(also known as Pirothan) is an Arabian Sea island in the Marine National Park, Jamnagar District of Gujarat state, India. It is located 12
nautical miles (22 km) off the coast (Bedi Port), consists of mangroves and low-tide beaches, and has an area of 3 square kilometres.
The center of the island is at 22°35′59.7″N, 69°57′20.8″E. Rozi island is located about 10 kilometres to the southeast. Of the 42 islands in
the park, Pirotan Island is the most popular and is one of the two islands where visitors are normally permitted.[citation needed]
Visitation is strictly limited, permission is required from the Forest Department, Customs Department and the Ports. The mangroves
consist mainly of species of Rhizophora, Avicennia and Ceriops. There are no routine ferry service to island. Local fishing boats can be
hired from Bedi Jetty or Sikka Jetty. These boats take about 1.5 hours to reach the island. Since the beach is very shallow, the boats can
only reach the island during high tide and leave the island during high tide.
µhttp://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Pirotan
xxviii
http://ekikrat.in/Jamnagar-Airport
Note:
For many of us “TIME” may not mean Hard Cash all the time. For all employed persons many times LEAVE is a matter of right includes
continuity of service. Therefore we all must THANK the Hatkesh who did not bother about Hard Cash to be with us like Dr. Dhawal R.
Mankad, Dr. Nirav Paresh Mankad, etc.
Litigation based lawyers are out of earning range in December end because most courts all over the world are closed for winter
vacation. In any case in could countries periods near December end are all WHITE DECEMBER and snowfall makes outside visits related
earnings or non Christmas based earnings difficult. But Doctors are on DUTY all the time. For private Doctors who do not mix pleasure
with business it is difficult to earn during pleasure trips. The above quoted Doctors are those who in my personal knowledge do not mix
pleasure with business, and also who do not bother about earnings all the time. We can only wish that India may have more and more
Doctors who think like these two and few more whom I know, e.g. Dr. Nayan Swadia and Dr. Chaitanya Buch, etc. in Nagar Community
range.