ENERGY ASSESSMENT

OF
CERNA WIND FARM

CLIENT: ENERGIA VERDE

EREDA

JULY 2008
SUBJECT: Date: 25/06/2008
Energy Assessment of Mastacani Page 2 of 2

Energy Assessment of Cerna

TYPE OF DOCUMENT Author: RMN Checked by: FBP

Client: Energía verde
Reference: IT-0807-RMN-EnergyAssessmentCerna-01 Date:04/07/2008 2/13

Related documents

Reference Date Description

SUBJECT: Date: 25/06/2008
Energy Assessment of Mastacani Page 3 of 3

ÍNDEX

1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................4

2 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................4

2.1 THE MESOMAP SYSTEM ................................................................................................................4

2.1.1 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................5
S
2.2 WA P MODEL ...............................................................................................................................6
2.3 WIND ROSE....................................................................................................................................7

3 ENERGY ASSESSMENT..................................................................................................................8

3.1 INPUT DATA TO MODEL..................................................................................................................8

3.1.1 Topography...........................................................................................................................8
3.1.2 Roughness.............................................................................................................................9
3.1.3 Air density.............................................................................................................................9
3.1.4 Power curve........................................................................................................................10
3.1.5 Estimation of the average wind speed in the area of the site..............................................11
3.1.6 Estimated losses..................................................................................................................12
3.1.7 Production estimate............................................................................................................12

FIGURES

Figure 1. Frequency rose at 80 m of height. ..................................................... 7

Figure 2. Cerna Topography and wind turbines location...................................... 8

Figure 3. Map with the values of average wind speed at 80 m of height in the study
area. ........................................................................................................ 11

TABLES

Table 1. Situation, production and performance of 9 wind turbine position of

Gamesa G90 2MW at 80 m of hub height. ...................................................... 13
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1 INTRODUCTION
This document contents the wind energy assessment of the site called Cerna. The
energy production will be calculated for 9 wind turbines of 2 MW on the basis of the
wind speed estimation at 80 meters height.

2 METHODOLOGY
The assessment of wind power potential of Cerna has been carried out through the
simulation of meteorological data provided by the MesoMap system. This
information has been treated with the WASP model.

2.1 The MesoMap system

The MesoMap system consists of an integrated set of atmospheric simulation
models, databases, and computers and storage systems. At the core of MesoMap is
MASS (Mesoscale Atmospheric Simulation System), a numerical meteorological
model, which simulates the physics of the atmosphere. MASS is coupled to a
simpler wind flow model, WindMap, which is used to refine the spatial resolution of
MASS and take into account the effects of terrain and surface roughness. MASS
simulates weather conditions over a region for 366 historical days randomly
selected from a 15-year period. When the computational runs are finished, the
results are the input for WindMap model. In this project, the MASS model was run
on a grid spacing of 2.5 km and WindMap on a grid spacing of 200 m.

MASS (Mesoscale Atmospheric SimulationSystem) is a numerical weather model

that has been developed over the past 20 years by MESO, Inc. (partner of
Meteosim Truewind), both as a research tool and to provide commercial weather
forecasting services. MASS simulates the fundamental physics of the atmosphere
including conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as the moisture
phases, and it contains a turbulent kinetic energy module that take into account
the effects of viscosity and thermal stability on wind shear. As a dynamical model,
MASS simulates the evolution of atmospheric conditions into time steps of only a
few seconds. This demands great computational power, especially when running at
high resolution. Hence MASS is usually coupled to a simpler but much faster
program, WindMap, a mass-conservative wind flow model. Depending on the size
and complexity of the region and requirements of the client, WindMap is used to
improve the spatial resolution of the MASS simulation to take into account the local
effects of terrain and surface roughness variations.
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2.1.1 Data Sources

The MASS model uses a variety of online, global, geophysical and meteorological
databases. The main meteorological inputs are reanalysis data, rawinsonde data,
and land surface measurements. The reanalysis database – the most important – is
a gridded historical weather data set produced by the US National Center for
Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR). The data provide a snapshot of atmospheric conditions around the world at
all vertical levels of the atmosphere in intervals of six hours. Along with the
rawinsonde and surface data, the reanalysis data establish the initial conditions as
well as updated lateral boundary conditions for the MASS runs. The MASS model
itself determines the evolution of atmospheric conditions. Because the reanalysis
data are on a relatively coarse grid, MASS is run in several nested grids of
successfully finer mesh size.

The main geophysical inputs are elevation, land cover, vegetation index, and sea-
surface temperatures. The global elevation data normally used by MesoMap were
produced by a gridded digital elevation model, or DEM, in the frame of the project
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) by The National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency (NGA) and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The
land cover classification are derived from the interpretation of the CORINE program
(Coordination of Information of the Environment), which began on June 27, 1985
by the decision of the Ministers' Council of the European Union (CE/338/85), form
the classification images of Landsat Thematica Mapper, with a resolution of 100 m.

The Windmap microescalar model has been executed with a resolution of 100 m
with UTM projection.
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2.2 WASP model

The study of the wind turbines micrositing has

been done by the modelization of the wind
flows with the WAsP (Wind Atlas Analysis and
Application Program) model, which has been
developed by Risø National Laboratory of
Denmark, and that was used for the
elaboration of the European Wind Atlas. WasP
uses a logarithmic profile of the vertical
variation of the wind speed according to the
heigth and stablishes a balance between
presure and friction forces of Coriolis following
the geostrophic drag law. With the roughness
and the orography of the site and with the
direction and the wind speed, WAsP
calculates the geostrophic speed and
direction. The model supposes that
geostrophic wind is the same in the whole
grid. For this reason, to determine the speed
and wind direction to the wished height in
another point its necessary to make the
inverse process considering the topographic
and roughness characteristics of the new
point.
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2.3 Wind rose

From the MesoMap model, the most representative point inside the site has been
chosen so as to extract the information of speed and wind direction at 80 m height.
The coordinates of this point are 604900, 4992300 UTM35 with a wind speed of
6.52 m/s at 80m.

The frequency rose of the site has been represented in the graphic below:

Frequency rose

N
12,000
NNW NNE
10,000
NW NE
8,000

6,000
WNW ENE
4,000

2,000

W 0,000 E

WSW ESE

SW SE

SSW SSE
S

Figure 1. Frequency rose at 80 m of height.

In the wind rose (Figure 1) the prevailing directions are SW, N y NNE.
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3 ENERGY ASSESSMENT
A micrositing of 9 wind turbines has been proposed by EREDA.

3.1 Input data to model

The source data for the Cerna energy assessment are:

3.1.1 Topography
A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) has been developed with height contours every 10 m,
this DTM covers an area of 60 km (N-S) x 32 km (E-W). With this cartography the
model can take into account the effects of the orographic variations.

Figure 2. Cerna Topography and wind turbines location.

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3.1.2 Roughness
The values of roughness for the different types of surfaces are:

Roughness Description (m)

Glaciers and perpetual snows 0,003
Crops 0,03
Meadows and grasslands 0,05
Lands with shrubs 0,07
Deciduous forests 0,6
Forests and mixed evergreen 0,75
Urban areas 0,75

3.1.3 Air density

The air density was calculated according to Spanish Standard UNE_28533_1985.
According to Standard, the value obtained is 1.19kg/m3.
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3.1.4 Power curve

The power curve for Gamesa G90 2 MW wind turbine for a density of 1.19 kg/m3 is:

Manufacturer Gamesa
Power 2000 kW
Density 1,18
RotorDiameter 90
CutIn 3
CutOut 21
Altitude 0
Temperature 15
Speed Power CT
3 20.2 0.884
4 81 0.835
5 189.1 0.815
6 349.4 0.812
7 572 0.811
8 866.1 0.805
9 1226.8 0.767
10 1587.4 0.67
11 1836.6 0.533
12 1950.3 0.406
13 1987.5 0.31
14 1997.2 0.243
15 1999.4 0.195
16 1999.9 0.159
17 2000 0.133
18 2000 0.112
19 2000 0.096
20 2000 0.084
21 2000 0.074
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3.1.5 Estimation of the average wind speed in the area of the site.
From meteorological data, WAsP model can calculate the average wind speed at
each point of the study area. To see the spatial variation of the average wind
speed, the model generate a map showing the average speeds at each point of the
terrain, as showed below.

405000
Speed (m/s)

7.4
404500
7.3
7.2
404000 7.1
7
6.9
403500 C-4 6.8
C-2 C-3 6.7
6.6
403000
C-1 C-5 C-6
C-7 6.5
C-8 6.4
CERNA 6.3
402500
C-9
6.2
6.1

402000 6
5.9
5.8
401500 5.7

401000

760000 760500 761000 761500 762000 762500 763000 763500 764000

Figure 3. Map with the values of average wind speed at 80 m of height in the study
area.
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3.1.6 Losses
WAsP model calculates gross production (Gross AEP), and wake loss estimation
inside the wind farm. Sustracting wake loss to gross production it can be obtained
the net production (Net AEP). In wind turbines real production calculation
(corrected AEP) following expected losses were considered (additional to wake loss,
AEP Net)

Electrical losses 5,0 %

Lost production by unavailability of the wind farm 3,0 %
Losses by power curve, ice and dirt on blades etc 2,5 %
Modelling, uncertainty in shaping the measures and in the wind
measure 2,0 %

3.1.7 Production estimate

The following table shows the production estimate:
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Production estimate

Wind Wake Corrected Equivalent

Situation Altitude Hub height Gorss AEP Net AEP
turbine loss AEP Hours
[m] [MWh] [MWh] [%]
C-1 Gamesa G90 2 MW 761225, 402964 141 80 5,589 5,439 2,69 4,789 2,394
C-2 Gamesa G90 2 MW 761528, 403222 171 80 6,119 5,780 5,54 5,089 2,544
C-3 Gamesa G90 2 MW 761770, 403259 185 80 6,254 5,892 5,79 5,188 2,594
C-4 Gamesa G90 2 MW 762074, 403361 171 80 6,013 5,754 4,31 5,066 2,533
C-5 Gamesa G90 2 MW 762444, 402923 220 80 6,726 6,463 3,91 5,691 2,845
C-6 Gamesa G90 2 MW 762690, 402982 206 80 6,254 5,904 5,60 5,198 2,599
C-7 Gamesa G90 2 MW 762888, 402855 218 80 6,382 6,090 4,59 5,362 2,681
C-8 Gamesa G90 2 MW 763068, 402655 212 80 6,042 5,757 4,73 5,069 2,534
C-9 Gamesa G90 2 MW 763226, 402448 203 80 5,628 5,448 3,20 4,797 2,399

Total Wind Farm 5,589 5,439 2,69 4,789 2,394

Table 1. Situation, production and performance of 9 Gamesa G90 2MW wind turbine positions at 80 m hub height.