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COMPLETING THE SQUARE

1. Complete the square for each of the following.


a) x2 + 8x b) x2 12x c) x2 + 4x
d) x2 10x e) x2 + 12x f) x2 4x + 4
2
g) x 6x + 9 h) x2 + 6x + 9 i) x2 + 4x + 1
j) x2 6x 9 k) x2 + 2x 15 l) x2 + 16x + 5
m) x2 + 6x + 15 n) x2 8x 3 o) x2 10x + 1
p) x2 + 2x +1 q) x2 + 8x + 11 r) x2 6x 19
2
s) x 6x t) x2 + 10x + 30.

2. Complete the square for each of the following.


a) 2x2 + 8x b) 2x2 8x + 1 c) 2x2 12x
d) 3x2 + 6x + 1 e) 2x2 8x 3 f) 5x2 10x + 6
g) 3x2 + 12x + 1 h) 2x2 4x 2 i) 4x2 8x + 1
2
j) 3x + 6x 2 k) 3x2 12x 5 l) 2x2 + 8x + 20
m) 4x2 + 16x + 3 n) 2x2 + 20x + 18 o) 2x2 + 4x 3
p) 3x2 + 12x 7.

3. Complete the square for each of the following.


a) 6 + 4x x2 b) 3 2x x2 c) 12 + 8x x2
2
d) 2 + 4x x e) 7 6x x2 f) 9 4x x2
g) 100 + 10x x2 h) 4 + 2x2 x2 i) 5 2x x2
j) 11 + 6x x2 k) 9 + 2x x2 l) 12 4x x2.

4. Solve the following equations by: i) factorising,


ii) completing the square.

a) x2 6x 40 = 0 b) x2 + 8x 20 = 0 c) x2 10x + 16 = 0
d) x2 + 12x = 13 e) x2 4x 12 = 0 f) 21 – 4x x2 = 0.

5. Complete the square for the following. Hence sketch the curves and write down the
CO-ORDINATES of min/max points as appropriate.

a) y = x2 + 8x + 20 b) y = x2 8x + 3 c) y = x2 6x + 11
d) y = x2 + 6x e) y = 2x2 + 8x + 7 f) y = 4 2x x2
g) y = 5 + 6x x2 h) y = x2 + 2x + 1 i) y = x2 9.

6. i) Complete the square for x2 + 6x + 10.

ii) Use i) to show that there are NO solutions to the equation x2 + 6x + 10 = 0.

iii) Use i) to sketch the graph of y = x2 + 6x + 10 and explain how this also shows
that the equation x2 + 6x + 10 = 0 has NO solutions.

7. i) Complete the square for x2 + 4x + 6 and hence write down the MINIMUM
value of x2 + 4x + 6.

ii) Use i) to explain why the equation x2 + 4x + 6 = 1 has NO solutions.

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ANSWERS.
1. a) (x + 4)2 16 b) (x 6)2 36 c) (x + 2)2 4
d) (x 5)2 100 e) (x + 6)2 36 f) (x 2)2,
g) (x 3)2 h) (x + 3)2 i) (x + 2)2 3
j) (x 3)2 18 k) (x + 1)2 16 l) (x + 8)2 59
m) (x + 3)2 + 6 n) (x 4)2 19 o) (x 5)2 24
p) (x + 1)2 q) (x + 4)2 5 r) (x 3)2 28
s) (x 3)2 9 t) (x + 5)2 + 5.

2. a) 2(x + 2)2 8 b) 2(x 2)2 7 c) 2(x 3)2 18


d) 3(x + 1)2 2 e) 2(x 2)2 11 f) 5(x 1)2 + 1
g) 3(x + 2)2 11 h) 2(x 1)2 4 i) 4(x 1)2 3
j) 3(x + 1)2 5 k) 3(x 2)2 17 l) 2(x + 2)2 + 12
m) 4(x + 2)2 13 n) 2(x + 5)2 32 o) 2(x + 1)2 5
p) 3(x + 2)2 19.

3. a) 10 (x 2)2 b) 4 (x + 1)2 c) 28 (x 4)2


d) 6 (x 2)2 e) 16 (x + 3)2 f) 13 (x + 2)2
g) 125 (x 5)2 h) 8 (x 2)2 i) 6 (x + 1)2
j) 20 (x 3)2 k) 10 (x 1)2 l) 16 (x + 2)2.

4. a) x = 4 or 10 b) x = 10 or 2 c) x = 2 or 8
d) x = 13 or 1 e) x = 2 or 6 f) x = 7 or 3.

5. a) Min ( 4, 4),
b) Min (4, 13),
c) Min (3, 2),
d) Min ( 3, 9),
e) Min ( 2, 1),
f) Max ( 1, 5),
g) Max (3, 14),
h) Min ( 1, 0),
i) Min (0, 9).

6. i) (x + 3)2 + 1.

7. i) (x + 2)2 + 2
ii) Because the least value of x2 + 4x + 6 is 2.

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