Pathology

General
1. Chemotaxis……………C5 complex/LT-B4
2. PDGF ……….alpha granules of platelets/
3. Not antioxidants……..transferrin/catalase/coagulase/glutathione peroxidase
4. Iron deposition………….haemosiderin
5. Heparin is released from……………mast cells/
6. Wound contraction …………myofibroblasts
7. Granuloma

Autoimmune
1. Amyloidosis……..
2. SLE
3. Behcets disease…………
4. Crohns disease….
5. Renal transplant rejection after 2 months is………….sub acute/ acute /chronic
6. Patient with autoimmune disease, common finding…….arthritis /fever /

Hypersensitivity reactions
7. Type-I- Hypersensitivity, cells…………
8. Contact dermatitis ……type I hypersensitivity
9. Type III hypersensitivity is typically seen in …………….typhoid /sarcoidosis/T>B
/syphilis/ post streptococcal.
10. Delayed type hypersensitivity cells………..Langhan’s giant cells/mononuclear
phagocyte/
11. Diphtheria toxoid 10 weeks before→ rash …………/type -I hypersensitivity/ type -I
hypersensitivity/ type -II hypersensitivity/ type -III hypersensitivity/ type –IV
hypersensitivity/
12. Delta antigen shows………..

Shock
13. Must In all Shocks …. hypovolemia/ ↓ in cardiac output
14. Cardiogenic shock
15. Spinal shock is also shock
16. Endotoxic shock, with purpuric rash and hypovolemia due to……..DIC
17. Endotoxic shock with pneumonia…Pneumococci/ streptococci/staphylococci
Tumor
8. Malignant cancer ……….. N/C ratio,/ invasion of basement membrane,/
9. Least risk of thyroid cancer……….iodine def goiter/anaplasia/*******
 10. Least risk of receiving metastasis…..L.N/spleen/liver/bone/brain
11. Neural tube defects……………meninges and spinal cord/
12.
Tumor markers:

18. α1 -antitrypsin deficiency……..

19. CEA …pancreatic ca/ colon ca
20.

21. Sign of metastasis………,invasion of basement membrane,/ N/C ratio

22. Smoking for long time……………..leads to all
except……..atrophy/dysplasia/hyperplasia/sq keratosis/ loss of goblet cells/
23. Smoking …………….st ciliated columnar ca/keratosis/****?

24. Prostate ca………..

25. Testicular ca………….
26. Carcinoma in AIDS pts……….Kaposi sarcoma
27. HLA leading to malignancy………..

28. Paan chronic use……..Ca tongue / sub mucus fibrosis /

Labs:

29. After road side accident a child developed shallow breathing.

Childs ABG will be……
 ↓pO2, pCO2, ↑pH
 ↓pO2, ↑pCO2, ↓ pH
 ↓ pO2 , ↑pCO2 , ↓pH, ↑ HCO3
 ↓ pO2/↑pCO2 , ↓ pH , ↓HCO3

30. Transudate…..specific gravity...1.010

31. Dyspneic pt, on exam had dull percussion note……..investigation of choice…CXR /

blood CP / blood culture / spirometry

32. C3 is low & C4 is normal………….

33. CSF ….< 40%,lymphocytes<500……………Tuberculous meningitis/viral

meningitis

34. Choroid plexus cysts

35. Death from acute GN, ANA+……………..
36. CML……………..Philadelphia chromosome

37. Hepatitis-B monitoring…………SGPT/ALP/SGOT

38. ↑un conjugated bilirubin …………hemolytic anemia

39. IHD initial (basic) investigation………..ECG/cardiac enzyme

40. Catecholamine’s, ECG and blood sugar are normal …………

pheochromocytoma/anxiety /

41. Streptococcal infection diagnosis………ASO titer

42. Neural tube defects diagnosed by……α-FP/CVS/USG

43. Multiple myeloma (Bence jones proteins- incomplete Ig appear in urine)

44. Soldier suffering from diarrhea. Stool exam +ve for donut shaped cysts………
blastomycosis/ coccidiomycosis/ giardiasis
45. Inflamed appendix of a child removed its histopath will reveal which
cells…..neutrophils/basophils/ lymphocytes/ monocytes/erythrocytes.

46. Diagnostic criteria for SLE……….anti ds DNA /arthritis/ kidney involvement/

respiratory involvement/ heart involvement.

47. Sample for diagnosis of syphilis should be taken from………..genital sore/ oral
cavity/saliva/lymph node

48. SLE………….B and T cell inability to detect self antigens

49. 72%neutrophils, 2 monos, 28 lymphocytes……………. SLE/serum sickness
50. Clostridium difficile…………..pseudo membranous colitis
51. Crohn’s disease…………..
52. Liver coagulative necrosis
53. Fatty liver cannot occur as a result of……… chronic liver
congestion/obesity/alcohol/viral hepatitis/Portal HTN?
54. Rash started on face and neck spread to trunk………measles
55. Weil Felix test for ricketssia uses (Proteus with ricketssia) *****?
56. Skin test used for diagnosis of…………..hydatid disease/
57. Malignant malaria…….falciparum malariae

Genetics
58. Dwarfism and cretinism difference (mental retardation)?
59. Kallman’s syndrome…………. (XYY is genotype/ female affected/no
hypogonadism /death in perinatal life is 10%)
60. Trisomy 18………….
61. Cystic fibrosis…………

Medicine:
Endocrinology
62. Hypoadrenalism………….
63. Hypopituitarism…………………
64. Diabetes insipidus/SIADH…….
65. Calcitonin ………..

Liver
66. Wilson’s disease……….

Lung
67. Obstructive vs. Restrictive lung disease…
68. Bronchiectasis……… RSV
69. Pneumoconiosis causes…….
70. Sudden ↓in saturation…<50%......hemothorax

71.
CNS
72. Ptosis, vertical diplopia…………mobius syndrome/myasthenia gravis

CVS
73. Sub acute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)………
74. Tricuspid valve disease…………..
75. Mitral stenosis…………
76. Aortic stenosis most common cause…...
77. Heart failure…………..
78. Myxoma……..-

Renal
79. ATN causes………………..
80. Adult polycystic kidney disease……………
81. Proteinuria, edema………….↓oncotic pressure

Blood
82. Iron deficiency anemia…………..
83. Macrocytic anemia….hypersegmented neutrophils
84. ITP……………..
85. Hereditary spherocytosis……………..

General
86. Headache…………….
87. Vomiting………….
88. HTN……………
89. Acid base balance
90. Hyponatremia most common cause is………hemorrhage/ sweating / diarrhea/ water
intoxication.
91. 10 weeks old difficulty in feeding mother milk………weak laryngeal muscles/
inadequate hormones/cleft soft /hard palate

lungs
92. Malignant pleural effusion is treated with …….Cyclophosphamide/ Rifampicin /
INH / Quinolones /Tetracycline
General
93. Headache…………….
94. Vomiting………….

Methods medicine:
95. +ve Babinski will occur in all except……….infants/ UMNL/ LMNL/
parkinsonism/sleep
96. Clubbing diagnosis…………Loss of angle/thickening of nail /
97. Gynecomastia is not S/E of: ( digoxin/brochogenic Ca/ spironolactone /
Diagnosis

Management

98. Malignant pleural effusion is treated with …….Cyclophosphamide/ Rifampicin /

INH / Quinolones /Tetracycline

Pregnancy
99. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is due to…………….
100. PPH………..
101. Pregnant HTN: Rx………….methyldopa
102. 10 week pregnancy, anemia Hb 10 g/dl. Recommend...apple daily, iron tablets

Physiology
Breast milk has ...IgG/ IgM
Blood

103. Intrinsic pathway is activated by……….factor VII / factor X/collagen in contact

with blood /
104. ESR………

GIT
105. Intestinal juice ↑ by ……vagal stimulation / CCK / /VIP /
106. Inhibits stomach emptying………..Gastrin
107. CCK
108. Gastrectomy S/E ………..pernicious anemia/megaloblastic anemia
109. Ileum removal affects…..micelles formation /chylomicrons formation
110.

Action potential
111. RMP is maintained by…….influx of Na +/ efflux of K+ /Na-K ATPase / Cl – ions.
112. Regarding action potential all are true except……..
i. Myocardial action potential is due to Na influx.
ii. Pace maker action potential is due to Ca channels.
iii. Platue of action potential is due to ca influx……
iv. RMP is –90 mv
v. Gap junctions don’t exist.
Sensory system
113. Proprioception and sense of vibration are conveyed thru………DCML/Lat
spinothalamic tract
114. α -receptors …………miosis
Endocrinology
115. Angiotensin- II short time action is (vasoconstriction of arterioles /alosterone
sec / Na absorption)
116. Cortisol……….
117. Excess at the time of Stress …….epinephrine/Cortisol/
118. Serotonin and nor-adrenaline metabolism…..tryptophan hydroxylase/tyrosine
hydroxylase/COMDT

Respiratory
119. Lung compliance………………..
120. Respiration central and peripheral control…………↑PaCO2/acidosis/↓O2
121. During rest respiration is merely ………… resisting elastic recoil of lungs
122. Oxy Hb shifted to right…………….hypothermia, acidosis
123. Surfactant: ………….type II alveolar epithelium

Sleep

124. EEG at rest mentally calm………….alpha/beta/theta/delta/synchronized

125. Not a feature of Non REM sleep …
↓GH/↓TH/↓catecholamine/↓insulin/↓testosterone

Renal
126. Anemia in CRF …dec renin
127. Relaxes intestinal smooth muscle……….VIP/ somatostatin
128. Regarding Parathyroid, Pt having (↓blood Ca and ↑PO4, ↓urinary PO4) shows
improvement in urine metabolites after receiving i/v PTH……….
Hypoparathyroidism /vit-D deficiency/
129. Estrogen impact on lipid profile is ………………HDL
130. Inulin…….
131. Plasma clearance…………PAH
132. Inc osmotic pressure……..number of particles excess
133. Dec Simple diffusion……….membrane thickness
134. TPR
135. Severe dehydration ……………..both compartments
136. Na+ reabsorption…….proximal tubule
CVS
137. Diastolic B.P 120 mmHg affects coronary circulation

ECG
138. PR interval shortens……..Wolff Parkinson white syndrome
139. S1Q3T3 :Rx…………(gallium scan/CXR/CK)

140.

Biochemistry
141. Calcium disorder
142. G6PD…………
143. Niacin moa………..
144. Glycosuria occurs at…………….
145. Essential amino acid………….
146. Chylomicrons……….
147. lipoproteins composition……….(max protein content/max lipid content)
148. All are phospholipids except…………lecithins / choline/ chylomicrons/
lipoproteins / sphingomyelins.
149. Max energy source……..glucose/ fructose/ ATP/ G-1 PO4/ starch
150. Benedict’s test………reducing sugars
151. After 48 hrs starvation …………..Ketogenesis/LPL activity

Pharmacology

152. Cimetidine S/E………………..

153. Excess of dexamethasone………..

154. Atropine……………..

155. Organophosphorous poisoning………… Rx

156. Opioids poisoning not corrected e naloxone next……haemodialysis/nalorphine/
157. Biliary colic due to morphine Rx ………(hyocine)
158. Morphine overdose: Rx ……….(flumezanil/naloxone)
159. Pinpoint pupil, respiratory depression…cause:
 a. Morphine overdose/ pethidine/ pentazocine
160. Patient on neostigmine and atropine feeling progressive weakness…….
161. inc neostigmine/or also atropine

162. INH (isoniazid) S/E…..

163. Septran moa……………….blocks nucleotide synthesis /cell wall synthesis /protein
synthesis

164. Cerebral malaria Rx………………..

165. Traveler’s diarrhea not responding to anti diarrheal,
Rx…………….metronidazole/ciprofloxacin/ tetracycline / septran

166. Azathioprine……….

167. Drug of choice for subarachnoid hemorrhage is………….. Nimodipine

a. /nitroglycerin /losartan
168. Digoxin interactions……..

169. Pre eclampsia Rx…………

170. Eclamptic fits Rx........................

171. Methicilin resistant staph.aureus (MRSA)……..vancomycin

172. Skin disinfectant…………..

173. Short acting Heparin(moa is Factor Xa inactivation)

174. OCP containing only Estrogen ……breast cancer/vaginal ca

175. Iron is best absorbed in Fe+2 form

176. Asthma CI……….propranolol

177. Theophylline S/E…….↑B.P/

178. Insulin……inc LPL activity/ketogenesis in liver

Anatomy
Embryology
1. Suprarenal gland cortex develops from…………mesoderm/ectoderm/neural
crest cells/
2. Somites develop from…………ectoderm/neural crest cells
3. Respiratory problem ,cyanosis in a child that gets better when child is kept up
right /Failure of closure of pleura peritoneal fold/ hiatus hernia/

General
179. Hip jt ………………synovial joint / anteriorly lies femoral N. /
Neuro anatomy

180. Memory area………hippocampal area

181. Memory (hippocampus/ amygdala)
182. Post pituitary is related to hypothalamus……****?
183. Basal ganglia damage……
184. Pituitary fossa is related to 3rd ventricle
185. Lt sided limb weakness…… Corticospinal fibers lesion at Pons/lat
medulla/med medulla/ mid brain
186. Edinger westphal isolated lesion ……light reflex)
187. CN...III,VII,IX.X…….parasympathetic
188. Ptosis is not related to (3rd CN/7th CN/myasthenia gravis/myopathy/
189. Abducent (VI) -N…abduction of Rt eye affected
190. Facial (VII) –N.…difficulty in closing eye
191. Ear …….Tympanic br. Of IX-N/ post auricular of VI –N
192. Vagus( X)- N
193. Middle meningeal artery …………..enters skull thru foramen spinosum/br. Of
194. True :
 Sub arachnoid has cerebral arteries and veins
 Choroid plexus has cysts/sub arachnoids space ends at S2 level
195.
196. Post cerebral artery lesion…………Partial blindness
197. Primary motor cortex…..supplied by……..
 Ant and middle cerebral artery
 middle and post cerebral artery
Head and neck
198. Dorsal rami of spinal nerves in neck damage lead to (loss of shoulder
support/loss of flexion of neck/extension of upper limbs
199. Which is false:
200. Inf. thyroid vein drains into ext. jugular vein
201. Mid. thyroid vein drains into….
202. Facial vein drains into ext. jugular vein

203. Regarding superior parathyroid gland:

204. Superior thyroid artery is close to superior parathyroid gland
205. superior thyroid artery supplies superior thyroid artery
206. Corticostriate fibers secrete (dopamine)
207. 4th Tracheal ring …………
208. Post digastric muscle ……..
209.

Limbs:
210. Weakness in abduction after upper limb #: axillary N damage.
211. Thenar atrophy………….ulnar N/C8 T1 lesion/
212.

Abdomen:
213. Gastroduodenal artery is br. Of (Rt gastric artery/ hepatic artery/splenic
artery/sup mesenteric artery)
214. Superior mesenteric artery supplies …….
215. Not in relation of Supra renal gland ………..descending colon
216. Appendix drains in to ………….sup. mesenteric nodes/ Rt internal iliac nodes
217. Regarding mesenteries and mesocolon ………Sigmoid colon is in relation to Lt .ureter
218. Pudendal nerve
219. Not tributary of great saphenous vein………..superior epigastric vein

Thorax
Heart
220. Phrenic nerve is at risk (at arch of aorta)
221. Aortic aneurysm can not compress (esophagus, Lt recurrent laryngeal ,Lt
primary bronchus)

Histology
222. Cell junctions having protein channels and low electrical resistance are………
desmosome/ hemidesmosome/ gap junctions.
223. Hyaline cartilage……………..arytenoids / cricoids/
corniculate/cuneiform/epiglottis.
224. Guard s cells are found in ………bronchioles / trachea / alveoli
225. Thyroid follicles ( when inactive have change in epithelium)

226. Not true basic tissue…blood/epithelium/connective

Organs
227. Eye blood supply…….
228. Regarding ant chest wall all are true except….
229. Ant intercostals arteries (2)are branch of internal thoracic artery
230. Lower 9 post intercostals arteries are branch of internal thoracic artery.
231. Upper 2 post intercostals arteries are branch of internal thoracic artery.
232. Ant intercostals veins drain into internal thoracic vein
233. Post intercostals veins drain into azygous vein.