PREFACE

Assalamua’laikum Wr. Wb

First, I would like to thanks god who gave me a chance to complete this paper. I
also want to thank my family for all the support given while finishing this paper, and to
everyone who helped me directly or indirectly in developing and producing this paper.
I choose a topic about The Effect of Preeclampsia for Future Cardiovascular
Disease and Death for Pregnant Women above 20 in West Java in 2005, because it
is important and still uncommon in Indonesia and not perceived as a medical problem.
With this paper I hope will know much more about the harmful effects of
Preeclampsia. Thank you very much

Wassalamua’laikum Wr.Wb

Jakarta, June 2006

Writer

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 CONTENTS

i- INTRODUCTING
ii- PREECLAMPSIA IN PREGNANCY
iii- CARDIOVASCULAR AND PREGNANCY
iv- THE EFFECT OF PREECLAMPSIA WITH FUTURE
CARDIOVASCULAR AND DEATH
v- CONCLUSION
vi- REFERENCES

INTRODUCTING

I. Background

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 In a study of mothers with a history of preeclampsia in West Jakarta in 2005, a
hypertension complication in pregnancy affecting five percent of women above 20,
researchers have found that these women have an increased lifetime risk for
cardiovascular illness and death.
Even when a mother's blood pressure returns to normal after delivery,
preeclampsia might increase her risk of life-threatening cardiovascular disease.
The study of deaths among 37,061 women who had given birth in West Jakarta between
1980 and 2005, including 1,070 women with preeclampsia. They used a method called
Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the long-term risk of mortality in women
with preeclampsia. They controlled for a woman's age and education, history of
diabetes, heart disease and low birth weight, the husband's social class, and the
calendar year at the start of follow-up.
Women with a history of preeclampsia had a two-fold risk of death compared with
women without any history of the disorder. Also found that women diagnosed with
preeclampsia who had a subsequent normal birth were still 2.6 times as likely to die after
20 years of follow-up than women with no history. Currently, the only cure for
preeclampsia is delivery. Normal blood pressure after preeclampsia should not
discourage the search for other cardiovascular risk factors or overshadow the need for
other preventive measures.

II. Problems
Women with preeclampsia are at increased risk of cardiovascular Epidemiological
studies indicate that this likely is the result of common risk factors for preeclampsia and
cardiovascular disease rather than preeclampsia causing cardiovascular disease. Most
of the risk factors for p (e.g., race, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and
elevated homocysteine) are also risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Likewise, many of the pathophysiological features of preeclampsia (e.g.,
dyslipidemia, inflammatory and endothelial activation, insulin resistance) are features of
cardiovascular disease There is increasing evidence that women who have recovered
from preeclamptic pregnancies manifest cardiovascular and metabolic differences
compared to women who have had normal pregnancies.

III. Limitation Problems

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 In this paper, I will be focusing more on how preeclampsia above 20 in West
Jakarta in 2005 effected future cardiovascular disease and death.
Recent studies have found that women with a history of pre-eclampsia have
higher circulating concentrations of fasting insulin, lipid, and coagulation factors post
partum than do controls matched for body mass index. They also seem to show a
specific defect of endothelial-dependent vascular function as compared with women with
a history of a healthy pregnancy, independently of maternal obesity, blood pressure, and
metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance or dyslipidaemia.

IV. Objective
Pre-eclampsia, which complicates 2-4% of pregnancies, remains one of the
commonest causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In West Jakarta causes
of death in 374 women with a history of hypertensive complications in pregnant In West
Jakarta causes of death in 374 women with a history of hypertensive complications in
pregnancy and noted that their death rate from complications of coronary heart disease
(standardised mortality ratio 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.02) was significantly
higher than expected from analysis of population data from public health and census
reports during corresponding periods.

V. Method of Writing
I have managed to put this paper together as a whole based on the researches I
have done by browsing and leafing through various kinds of sources, which have
generously provided me with all the information required. The sources include worldwide
medical journals, text books and articles related to the topic of the paper work which
could easily be accessed via internet and the library.

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 CONCLUSION

Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by a sharp rise in blood pressure

during pregnancy and may be accompanied by edema (swelling) and kidney problems.

Some 5 percent women above 20 in West Jakarta of first pregnancies are

complicated by preeclampsia, a condition characterized by soaring blood pressure and
protein in the urine, that is a leading cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal disability and
death, particularly in undeveloped countries and among underserved populations.

Women above 20 with a history of adverse pregnancy outcome appear to be at

increased risk of metabolic and vascular diseases in later life. Pregnancy complications

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and coronary heart disease may have common disease mechanisms. The possibility
that maternal vascular risk factors, potentially `modifiable' before pregnancy, correlate
with increased risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight, and thus fetal programming,
require further infestigation.

ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT

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 THE EFFECT OF PREECLAMPSIA
FOR PREGNANT WOMEN ABOVE 20
FOR FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE AND DEATH

BY
Sari Puspita Zhubaedah
030.05.203

FACULTY OF MEDICINE
TRISAKTI UNIVERSITY
JAKARTA
2006

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REFERENCES

Tierney, Lawrence et al: Obstetrics : Preeclampsia-Eclampsia. CURRENT Medical

Diagnosis and Treatment 2001; 18;772-774. North America : Lange Medical
Books/McGraw-Hill.

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