Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENTITLED
of the Degree of
Of
UPTU, LUCKNOW
GIDA, GORAKHPUR
2009-2010
1
PREFACE
There is a famous saying “The theory without practical is lame and practical
absenteeism refers to the failure to attend to work. It is one of the major problems faced
by companies across the globe today. Unscheduled absenteeism badly hurts the progress
staff and low morale among the workers. It is high time that employers address this
Employees can be absent for a variety of reasons including sickness, lethargic attitude,
family emergencies, too much workload and stress, monotonous work or a general
dissatisfaction with the job. A sales professional cites some other reasons like workplace
politics, long commute, strained relationship with the immediate supervisor and lack of
belongingness towards the organization as reasons for being absent from work. Whatever
be the reason absenteeism is not at all a healthy practice and steps should be taken to
manage it effectively.
2
Innocent absenteeism refers to being absent for those reasons that are beyond the control
of the employees like accidents or illnesses. Under such circumstances the employees
should not be blamed for not turning up at work. Culpable absenteeism on the other hand
is when employees absent themselves at a time when they are fully capable to attend
office. This type of no shows should always be discouraged for it can become a burden to
Absenteeism is a vital issue that requires immediate attention by both employers and
employees. Employees should enjoy the work they are doing and employers on their part
should help them in whatever way they can to make their experience a pleasant one. After
all satisfied and happy employees look forward to report to work regularly and absent
Thus this research project explores my abilities and strength to its fullest extent
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
have shared their valuable time and made this research project possible through
My heartful thanks to Mr. Wasi Ahmad Khan, General Manager-1 of Punjab National
Management, GIDA, Gorakhpur, for her supervision and valuable guidance. I am also
Technology & Management, GIDA, Gorakhpur, for his constant encouragement and
guidance.
I am highly thankful to my parents for motivation and support throughout the period of
ITM, GIDA
4
From: - Prof. S.N. Chaturvedi
Head,
Dept. Business Administration
CERTIFICATE
original work.
5
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms.Areeba Nisar has completed the Research Project Report titled
requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration under my
Namita Gupta
Lecturer
Dept. of Business
Administration
6
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project report is based on the research work done by me. This is
my original work and no part thereof has been submitted anywhere else for any other
academic purpose.
Date:
(AREEBA NISAR)
7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Preface i
2. Acknowledgement ii
4. Certificate by Faculty iv
5. Declaration by Student v
CHAPTER-1 1-6
1.1 Introduction
8
2.1 Introduction of the Company
CHAPTER-3 18-52
9
CHAPTER-4 53-58
4.1 Findings
4.2 Conclusion
6. Bibliography x-xi
7. Annexure xii-xv
- Questionnaire
10
1.1 INTRODUCTION
11
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Labour observed that “high absenteeism prevails among industrial labour mainly due to
rural orientation”.
Absenteeism is one of the common factor, which affects the growth of the organization.
When the absenteeism control programmes are introduced to the absentees continues to
If the person employed is absent for few days then the management has to take severe
employees.
Substitute workers and such workers are to be well trained, because of this, management
are to insure expenditure on it. Evaluation of absenteeism rate is a yardstick with which
we can measure the employee’s job interest and their commitment to work. Apart from
this, employee’s attitude about job can be known, since it affects productivity to a large
extent.
12
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
13
1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge.
Research Design:
A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection of data and analysis of
data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purposes with economy
The population of absentees comprises of current year. The sample size of the study is 50
The sources of data for the purpose of study were both primary and secondary. Primary
14
that reliable data can be obtained. Secondary data was collected from the records of the
Percentage method is used for analysis of data and bar graph is used to represent that
data.
15
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Accuracy is another problem as data from sample may not reveal the fact.
16
2.1 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY
2.3ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
2.4REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE
17
PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
Punjab National Bank (PNB) was registered on May 19, 1894 under the Indian
Companies Act with its office in Anarkali Bazaar Lahore. The Bank is the second largest
government-owned commercial bank in India with about 4,904 branches across 764
cities. It serves over 37 million customers. The bank has been ranked 248th biggest bank
in the world by Bankers Almanac, London. The bank's total assets for financial year 2007
were about US$60 billion. PNB has a banking subsidiary in the UK, as well as branches
in Hong Kong, Dubai and Kabul, and representative offices in Almaty, Dubai, Oslo, and
Shanghai.
PROFILE OF PNB
With over 56 million satisfied customers and 5002 offices, PNB has continued to retain
its leadership position amongst the nationalized banks. The bank enjoys strong
fundamentals, large franchise value and good brand image. Besides being ranked as one
of India's top service brands, PNB has remained fully committed to its guiding principles
of sound and prudent banking. Apart from offering banking products, the bank has also
entered the credit card & debit card business; bullion business; life and non-life insurance
18
Since its humble beginning in 1895 with the distinction of being the first Indian bank to
have been started with Indian capital, PNB has achieved significant growth in business
which at the end of March 2010 amounted to Rs 435931 crore. Today, with assets of
more than Rs 2,96,633 crore, PNB is ranked as the 3rd largest bank in the country (after
SBI and ICICI Bank) and has the 2nd largest network of branches (5002 offices including
5 overseas branches ).During the FY 2009-10, with 40.85% share of CASA deposits, the
bank achieved a net profit of Rs 3905 crore. Bank has a strong capital base with capital
adequacy ratio of 14.16% as on Mar’10 as per Basel II with Tier I and Tier II capital ratio
at 9.15% and 5.01% respectively. As on March’10, the Bank has the Gross and Net NPA
ratio of 1.71% and 0.53% respectively. During the FY 2009-10, its’ ratio of Priority
Sector Credit to Adjusted Net Bank Credit at 40.5% & Agriculture Credit to Adjusted
Net Bank Credit at 19.7% was also higher than the stipulated requirement of 40%
&18%.
The Bank has maintained its stake holder’s interest by posting an improved NIM of
3.57% in Mar’10 (3.52% Mar’09) and a Return on Assets of 1.44% (1.39% Mar’09). The
Earning per Share improved to Rs 123.98 (Rs 98.03 Mar’09) while the Book value per
Punjab National Bank continues to maintain its frontline position in the Indian banking
industry. In particular, the bank has retained its NUMBER ONE position among the
Assets, Operating and Net profit in the year 2009-10. The impressive operational and
financial performance has been brought about by Bank’s focus on customer based
business with thrust on CASA deposits, Retail, SME & Agri Advances and with more
19
inclusive approach to banking; better asset liability management; improved margin
management, thrust on recovery and increased efficiency in core operations of the Bank.
The performance highlights of the bank in terms of business and profit are shown below:
Rs in Crore
service and ensured that its ‘IT strategy’ follows the ‘Business strategy’ so as to arrive at
“Best Fit”. The bank has made rapid strides in this direction. All branches of the Bank are
under Core Banking Solution (CBS) since Dec’08, thus covering 100% of its business
and providing ‘Anytime Anywhere’ banking facility to all customers including customers
of more than 3000 rural & semi urban branches. The bank has also been offering Internet
banking services to the customers of CBS branches like booking of tickets, payment of
bills of utilities, purchase of airline tickets etc. Towards developing a cost effective
alternative channels of delivery, the bank with more than 350 ATMs has the largest ATM
With the help of advanced technology, the Bank has been a frontrunner in the industry so
far as the initiatives for Financial Inclusion is concerned. With its policy of inclusive
growth in the Indo-Gangetic belt, the Bank’s mission is “Banking for Unbanked”. The
Bank has launched a drive for biometric smart card based technology enabled Financial
to reach out to the last mile customer. The Bank has started several innovative initiatives
20
for marginal groups like rickshaw pullers, vegetable vendors, dairy farmers, construction
workers, etc. Under Branchless Banking model, the Bank is implementing 40 projects in
16 States. The Bank launched an ambitious ‘Project Namaskar’ under which 1 lakh touch
points will be established in unbanked villages by 2013 to extend the Bank’s outreach.
Under this, 30 Kiosks have been opened covering 119 Villages reaching 1.32 Lakh
beneficiaries.
Backed by strong domestic performance, the bank is planning to realize its global
aspirations. Bank continues its selective foray in international markets with presence in 9
countries, with branches at Kabul and Dubai, Hong Kong & representative offices at
Almaty, Dubai, Shanghai and Oslo, a wholly owned subsidiary in UK, a joint venture
with Everest Bank Ltd. Nepal and a JV banking subsidiary “DRUK PNB Bank Ltd.” in
Bhutan. Bank is pursuing upgradation of its representative offices in China & Norway
and is in the process of setting up a representative office in Sydney, Australia and taking
Bank has been a recipient of many awards and accolades during the year:-
• As per Financial Express-Ernest & young (FE-EY) India’s Best Banks Survey, PNB is
identified as the best bank among the nationalized banks in terms of overall ranking.
• As per the Forbes Annual list of 2000 global giants, PNB tops the list of nationalized
banks with a global ranking of 695, substantial improvement over last year’s placement at
21
946th position.
• The Economic Times has ranked CEO of PNB as the 32nd Most Powerful CEO of
2010.
• Skoch Challenge Award 2010 for “Livelihood Linkage” of the milk producers in
22
2.2 HISTORY:
1895: PNB commenced its operations in Lahore. PNB has the distinction of
being the first Indian bank to have been started solely with Indian capital that
has survived to the present. (The first entirely Indian bank, the Oudh
Dyal Singh Majithia and Lala HarKishen Lal, Lala Lalchand, Shri Kali
Prosanna Roy, Shri E.C. Jessawala, Shri Prabhu Dayal, Bakshi Jaishi Ram,
and Lala Dholan Dass. Lala Lajpat Rai was actively associated with the
1940: PNB absorbed Bhagwan Dass Bank, a scheduled bank located in Delhi
circle.
1947: Partition of India and Pakistan at Independence. PNB lost its premises
1951: PNB acquired the 39 branches of Bharat Bank (est. 1942); Bharat Bank
(Yangon).
23
September 1965: After the Indo-Pak war the government of Pakistan seized
all the offices in Pakistan of Indian banks, including PNB's head office, which
may have moved to Karachi. PNB also had one or more branches in East
Pakistan (Bangladesh).
1969: The Government of India (GOI) nationalized PNB and 13 other major
1986 The Reserve Bank of India required PNB to transfer its London branch
to State Bank of India after the branch was involved in a fraud scandal.
1986: PNB acquired Hindustan Commercial Bank (est. 1943) in a rescue. The
1993: PNB acquired New Bank of India, which the GOI had nationalized in
1980.
2003: PNB took over Nedungadi Bank, the oldest private sector bank in
Kerala. At the time of the merger with PNB, Nedungadi Bank's shares had
zero value, with the result that its shareholders received no payment for their
24
Bank in Nepal that permits migrants to transfer funds easily between India and
UK, with two offices, one in London, and one in South Hall. Since then it has
VISION:
“To be a Leading Global Bank with Pan India footprints and become a
household brand in the Indo-Genetics Plains providing entire range of financial products
MISSION:
25
A need was felt to have a vision to stretch the bank’s potential with
2013 and set goals which were to be achieved in the next 5 years to
• QUANTITATIVE DIMENSIONS-
26
d. Operating profit to increase from Rs.4006 Crore in
a CAGR of 30.2%.
as on March 08}.
• QUALITATIVE DIMENSIONS
27
1. A leader and front runner amongst
nationalized banks
a. In Financial inclusion
2. To be Global Bank
etc.
28
a. Fee based income/off-balance sheet exposures
Agriculture
d. Expenditure Control
deposits/funds)
5. Capitalize on IT initiatives
of existing customers.
29
8. Ensure smooth transition to adopting Basel II
prescription.
Bank has its Corporate Office at New Delhi and supervises 58 Circle Offices under which
the branches function. The delegation of powers is decentralized upto the branch level to
Head Office
30
Branches (4267)
Profit
• Operating Profit for the first quarter of current financial year (Q1 FY11) stood at
33.7%.
• Net Profit of the Bank for the Q1 FY11 amounted to Rs.1068.29 crore as compared to
growth of 28.4%.
Business
• Total Business of the Bank rose to Rs.4,52,205 crore as compared to Rs.3,76,939
31
• Deposits of the Bank at the end of June 2010 amounted to Rs.2,55,335 crore as
basis.
• Advances of the Bank at Rs. 1, 96,870 crore as on 30.06.2010 grew by 24.6% (YoY) as
in interest income.
o Core Non Interest Income (excluding trading profit) witnessed a YoY growth of
• Total expenses (excluding provisions) at Rs.4765.21 crore at the end of June 2010
Non‐Interest expenses growth was restricted to mere 10.2% during the first
quarter of 2010‐11 despite recent wage revision and provisions made for pension
fund.
32
Important Ratios
• Gross NPA to Gross Advances ratio stood at 1.82% as at June’10.
• Net Interest Margin (NIM) has improved to 3.94% for the quarter ended 30.06.2010
• Return on Assets improved to 1.38% in the quarter ended June 2010 as against
• Low increase in interest & operating expenses and a satisfactory interest income
growth led to substantial reduction in Cost to Income Ratio to 39.88% for the
• Earnings per Share rose to Rs.135.53 (annualized) for the quarter ended 30.06.2010
� Book Value per Share was higher at Rs.548.66 as at June 2010 from Rs 443.11 as
on June 2009.
• As per Basel II the CRAR is 13.77% as at end of June’10 (Tier‐I Capital: 8.70%;
Tier‐II
Capital: 5.07%).
• Return on Equity improved to 24.70% in the quarter ended June 2010 as against
33
Priority Sector:
• PS advances grew by more than 25% to reach Rs.64,452 crore.
crore.
o Issued 77,839 Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) during Quarter ended June 10, taking
• Credit to MSME sector reached Rs.37,018 crore including retail trade advances of
Rs.3905 crore at the end of June 2010, recording a YoY growth of 29%.
• Bank has adopted two Mega Artisans Clusters – Brass and brassware products at
Moradabad and Wood carving cluster at Saharanpur for intensive lending. Collateral
free loans to 9000 artisans have been extended at Moradabad Artisans Cluster and
800 Artisans at Muzaffarnagar. During the current quarter, Bank adopted 25 MSME
Retail Credit:
34
• Total Retail credit of the Bank marked a y‐o‐y increase of more than 17% to
o Good y‐o‐y growth in all key schemes i.e. Education loan (42%), Personal Loan
Financial Inclusion:
• Opened 57.25 lakh “No Frill”/PNB Mitra accounts and issued more than 46000
• Bank has been allocated 4700 villages with population of over 2,000 in the country
International Forays:
• International presence in 9 countries, with branches at Hong Kong, Kabul and Dubai &
and taking controlling stake in Kazak Bank apart from opening a subsidiary in Canada.
35
I.T. Initiatives:
• Bank has installed 3715 ATMs facilitating more than 108 lakh ATM/Debit
cardholders
of the Bank transacting at more than 60000 ATMs of various Banks and at over 3
• Bank has introduced Online Credit Proposal Tracking System in order to enable
• Registered Payee Mechanism has been enabled for Funds transfer to other/3rd party
accounts in respect of Retail Internet Banking Users for protecting our valued
• Bank has launched PNB Platinum Debit Card embedded with the brand equity of
PNB
and endorsed by Master Card for the premium customers. Bank is also planning to
• PNB has over 10 lac customers using Internet Banking and 2.3 lac customers availing
CSR initiatives:
• A board approved CSR policy has been adopted by the Bank to take CSR agenda
forward in synchronization with its mission of “Banking for the Unbanked”. Under this
36
• Bank has so far brought 68,949 farmers out of the clutches of moneylenders by
financing them Rs.264 crore under PNB Krishak Saathi (Debt Swap Scheme).
• Bank has 9 Farmers’ Training Centres where around 2.70 lac persons have been
trained till June 2010 at Bank’s cost including more than 51,000 women.
(PNBRSETIs) which provide training to Rural BPL youth and women. Till June, 9255
persons have been trained in these centres of which 5518 are women.
• 42 Medical Health Check Up Camps, 44 Tree Plantation Camps and 17 Blood Donation
• Launched a pioneering “PNB Saathi Scheme” to provide credit facility to milk pourers
AWARDS:
37
Awards & Achievements of
Punjab National Bank in Recent
Times
38
Award' -2005
for excellence in export perforamnce
for 3 consecutive years 2001, 2002 &
Niryat Bandhu Gold Trophy 2003
by Federation of Indian Exporters
Organization (FIEO)
21st Amongst Top 500 by the leading Financial Daily The
Companies Economic Times, June 2005
9th amongst India's Top 50 A.C Nielson Survey, The Economic
Most Trusted Service Brands Times Dec 2004
3rd Rank amongst Banking
Sector in India The Bankers' Almanac, January 2006
323rd Rank in the World
368 amongst Top 1000
The Banker, London July 2005
Global Banks
Winner for becoming a pioneer in
Skoch Challenger Award for
public banks by Skoch consultancy
Exemplary Use of Technolgy
services pvt ltd, Gurgaon 2005
FICCI's Rural Development Award for excellence in rural
Award development 2005
Amity Business School, Noida has
conferred the Award to PNB, after an
in-depth research to analyse the
strengths and core competencies of the
Amity Global Corporate
Global 500 companies and banks which
Excellence Award
have already made an indelible most
admired impression on the Indian
economy. 2008
& 2007 & 2005
IBA, Finacle & TFCI jointly adjudged
Banking Technology Awards PNB as runner up in "Best IT Team of
the year Award" 2005
PC Quest Users’ Choice Best IT Implementation 2007
39
Award & 2005
Symantec Visionary Award Information Security Impact 2005
Money Outlok adjudged PNB as runner
Money Outlook Award up in "Best Bank (Public Sector) of the
year Award" 2005
IBA, Finacle & TFCI runner up Award
Banking Technology Awards for Outstanding Achiever of the Year
(Individual). 2005
Golden Peacock Innovative
2010 (for BCP implementation)
Product/Service Award
Golden Peacock Award for Winner in the ‘Large Joint Entry’.2009
Excellence in Corporate &
Governance 2007 & 2005
Skoch Challenger Award for For upliftment of Weaker sections of
Change Management society 2006
IDRBT Banking Technology
Best IT Team of the Year Award 2006
Awards
National Award For
First Prize by By Ministry of Small
Excellence in lending to Tiny
Scale Industries.2006
sector
Skoch Challenger Award for
Skoch Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd
capacity building for FTC
2007
initiative
Computer Associates
Excellence in EMS Roll Out. 2007
Excellence Award
For Best IT Implementation by IDG
CIO 100 Award
Media Pvt. Ltd.2007, 2008 & 2009
National Award for Excellence
in Lending to Micro For Lending to Micro enterprises 2007
Enterprises
Award for the use of Institute for Development and Research
Technology for Financial in Banking Technology (IDRBT),
Inclusion. Hyderabad. 2008
40
Dun & Bradstreet Award for
“Priority Sector Lending Dun & Bradstreet 2009
including Financial Inclusion”.
Khadi & Village Industry Commission,
National Award for Excellence
Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium
in Lending for Institutional
Enterprises, Govt. of India
Finance in Propagating KVI
(Interest Subsidy Eligibility Certificate
Programmes in NORTH
Scheme)
ZONE
2009
Khadi & Village IndustryCommission,
2009
Khadi & Village IndustryCommission,
National Award for Excellence
Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium
in Lending for Institutional
Enterprises, Govt. of India
Finance in Propagating KVI
Programmes in
(Interest Subsidy Eligibility Certificate
NATIONAL LEVEL
Scheme) 2009
Khadi & Village IndustryCommission,
National Award for Excellence
Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium
in Lending for Institutional
Enterprises, Govt. of India
Finance for Propagating KVI
Programmes in
(Prime Minister Employment
NORTH ZONE
Generation Programme) 2009
National Award for Excellence Khadi & Village IndustryCommission,
in Lending for Institutional Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium
Finance for Propagating KVI Enterprises, Govt. of India
Programmes in
41
CENTRAL ZONE (Prime Minister Employment
Generation Programme) 2009
India Pride Award by dainik
Bhaskar and Daily News Excellence in PSU 2009
analysis
Indira Gandhi Rajbhasha
Promoting Hindi 2009
Shield
Emerson Uptime Champion
2009
Awards
“Best InfoSphere Warehouse
2009 (for implementation of Enterprise
Solution” Award by IBM
Wide Data Warehouse)
Commerce
42
3.1 CONCEPT OF ABSENTEEISM
43
ABSENTEEISM
It refers to workers absence from their regular task when he is normally schedule to work.
absentee and an absentee is one who habitually stays away from work.”
According to Labour Bureau of Shimla – “Absenteeism is the total man shifts lost
scheduled to work. Any employee may stay away from work if he has taken leave to he
entitled or on ground of some sickness or some accident or without any previous sanction
May even worse than absenteeism, it is obvious people such as malingerers and those
unwilling to pay their part in the work place can also have a decidedly negative impact.
Such team members need individual attention from frontline supervisors and
management.
Indeed, as prevention is better than cure, where such a problem occur it always important
to review the recruitment procedure to identify how such people are employed in first
place.
44
For any business owner or manager, to cure excessive absenteeism, it is essential to find
Any effective absentee control program has to locate cause of discontent or modify those
causes or eliminate them entirely. Any investigation into absenteeism needs to look at
Sometime team member call in sick when they really do not want to go to work. They
would not call you up and say, “I’m not coming today because my supervisor abuses
There are few essential questions to consider at the outlet if you want to make a
It has been observed that the phenomenon of absenteeism does not exist in Indian
industry. It may differ according to the make – up of the work force. Workers need
For Example:
45
b.) Number of available workdays during period = 20
d.) Total number of lost days due to absences during the period =93
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
jan feb m ar apr m ay jun july aug s ept oct nov dec
2009 2010
46
3.3 TYPES OF CHRONIC ABSENTEES:
These are as follows-
1. Entrepreneurs: This class of absentees considers that their jobs are very small
for their total interest and personal goals. They engage themselves in other social
3. Epicureans: This class of absentees does not like to take up the jobs, which
4. Family Oriented: This type of absentees is over identified with the family
activities.
5. Sick and Old: These categories of absentees are mostly unhealthy weak
47
3.4 TYPES OF ABSENTEEISM & THEIR CONTROL:
There are two types of absenteeism, each of which requires a different type of
approach.
1. INNOCENT ABSENTEEISM :
Innocent absenteeism refers to employees who are absent for reasons beyond
their control; like sickness and injury. Innocent absenteeism is not culpable
which means that it is blameless. In a labour relations context this means that it
2. CULPABLE ABSENTEEISM
for reasons which are within their control. For instance, an employee who is on
sick leave even though he/she is not sick, and it can be proven that the employee
only to culpable absenteeism. Many organizations take the view that through the
48
employees will overcome their problems and return to an acceptable level of
regular attendance.
his/her control. Absenteeism, no matter what the cause, imposes losses on the
employer who is also not at fault. The damage suffered by the employer must be
weighed against the employee's right to be sick. There is a point at which the
employer's right to expect the employee to attend regularly and fulfill the
1. Initial counselling(s)
2. Written counselling(s)
4. Discharge
1) Initial Counselling:
already identified an employee as a problem, you will have met with him or her
49
as part of your attendance program and you should now continue to monitor the
If the absences are intermittent, meet with the employee each time he/she returns
to work. If absence is prolonged, keep in touch with the employee regularly and
assist.)
You may require the employee to provide you with regular medical assessments.
This will enable you to judge whether or not there is any likelihood of the
will also give you an idea of what steps the employee is taking to seek medical or
other assistance. Formal meetings in which verbal warnings are given should be
may be necessary.
2) Written Counselling
If the absences persist, you should meet with the employee formally and provide
him/her with a letter of concern. If the absenteeism still continues to persist then
the employee should be given a second letter of concern during another formal
meeting. This letter would be stronger worded in that it would warn the
50
3) Reduction(s) of Hours and or Job Reclassification:
In between the first and second letters the employee may be given the option to
reduce his/her hours to better fit his/her personal circumstances. This option
If the nature of the illness or injury is such that the employee is unable to fulfil
the requirements of his/her job, but could for example benefit from modified
work, counsel the employee to bid on jobs of such type if they become available.
4)Discharge:
Only when all the previously noted needs and conditions have been met and
a) Has the employee done everything possible to regain their health and
return to work?
51
b) Has the employer provided every assistance possible? (i.e. counselling,
e) Has enough time elapsed to allow for every possible chance of recovery?
As is evident, a great deal of time and effort must elapse before dismissal can
take place.
These points would be used to substantiate or disprove the following two fold
test.
demonstrated that the employee is not actually ill and is able to improve his/her
attendance.
52
Presuming you have communicated attendance expectations generally, have
identified the employee as a problem, have met with him/her as part of your
attendance program, made your concerns on his specific absenteeism known and
generally the same as for other progressive discipline problems. The discipline
1. Initial Warning(s)
2. Written Warning(s)
3. Suspension(s)
4. Discharge
1) Verbal Warning:
Formally meet with the employee and explain that income protection is to be
used only when an employee is legitimately ill. Advice the employee that his/her
53
been shown, commend the employee. Where there is no improvement a written
2) Written Warning:
Interview the employee again. Show him/her the statistics and point out that
there has been no noticeable (or sufficient) improvement. Listen to the employee
to see if there is a valid reason and offer any assistance you can. If no
satisfactory explanation is given, advise the employee that he/she will be given a
taken if the record does not improve. As soon as possible after this meeting
provide the employee personally with the written warning and place a copy of
his/her file. The written warning should identify any noticeable pattern.
If the amount and/or pattern continue, the next step in progressive discipline may
suspension) will depend on a number of factors. Such factors are the severity of
54
3) Suspension (only after consultation with the appropriate
superiors) :
suspension will depend again on the severity of the problem, the credibility of
the employee's explanation, the employee's general work performance and length
condition.
Dismissals should only be considered when all of the above conditions and
55
3.5 CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM
The Royal Commission Labour observed that high absenteeism among Indian labour is
due to rural orientation their frequent urge for rural exodus. According to Acharaya, “In
modern industrial establishment the incidence of industrial fatigue, mal-nutrition and bad
working conditions aggravate that feeling for change among industrial worker and some
time impel them to visit their village home frequently for rest and relaxation.”
There are various reasons of absenteeism. Some of them are discussed below-
1. Social and Religious Ceremonies: Social and religious functions divert the
place. Health conditions are naturally bad, leading to consequent ill- health.
56
4. Unhealthy Working Conditions: The poor and intolerable working
conditions in the factories irritate the workers. Excess heat, noise, either too much
or too low lighting, poor ventilation, dust, smoke, etc. causes poor health of the
welfare facilities are enacted, many organizations fail to provide welfare facilities.
This is either due to the poor financial position of the companies or due to
exploitive attitude of the employer. The poor welfare facilities include poor
sanitation, washing, bathing, first aid appliances, ambulance, rest rooms, drinking
water, canteen, shelter, crèches, etc. Dissatisfied workers with these facilities to
liquor and enjoyment after getting the wages. Therefore the rate of absenteeism is
7. Indebtness: The low level wages and unplanned expenditure of the workers
force them to borrow heavily. The research studies indicate that workers borrow
more than 10 times of their net pay. Consequently, workers fail to repay the
money. Then they try to escape from the place in order to avoid the money
57
8. Maladjustment with the Job Demand: The fast changing technology
demands higher level of skills from the workers. Some worker fails to meet these
employer forces him to depend upon E.S.I. leave which allows the workers to be
11.Low Level of Wages: Wages in some organizations are very poor and they
are quite inadequate to meet the basic needs of the employees. Therefore,
employees go for other employment during their busy seasons and earn more
money. Further, some employees take up part- time jobs. Thus, the employment
58
3.6 EFFECT OF ABSENTEEISM ON INDUSTRIAL
PROGRESS
It quite evident that absenteeism is a common feature of industrial labour in India. It
no pay”. Thus the time lost in terms of absenteeism is a loss of income to workers.
2. Loss to Employers: On the other hand, the employer has to suffer a greater
certain occasions, those workers are employed who present themselves at factory
gates. During strikes they are adjusted in place of absent workers. Their
themselves up to work. Higher absenteeism is an evil both for worker and the
59
3.7 GUIDELINES & MEASURES FOR CONTROL OF
ABSENTEEISM
Absenteeism is a disease that appears whenever a company fails to inoculate
absenteeism, one has to know the exact causes and then examine the available,
sure you have some basic information and facts about absenteeism in your company.
Consider the following four questions, which should help you further focus your ideas
Numerous studies have concluded that under trained supervisors is one of the
60
the problem. Given that this may be the case, you first should check the
around one or two supervisors. If it is, you've begun to uncover the obvious
under trained supervisors. If, however, your research reveals that the rate of
absenteeism is almost equally distributed throughout your factory, you will need
topics of mutual interest. These confidential worker surveys commonly ask for
In other words, employees revealed that repetitive, boring jobs coupled with
61
Q. How much formal training have your supervisors received on
If you find that your supervisors hesitate to provide meaningful answers to your
questions, then you're on the right track toward a solution. Ask yourself, "How
reduction and human resources skills?" If your answer is none or very little, your
solution can't be far behind. The fact of the matter is, you cannot ask a person to
consideration should be avoided. The management should look for aptitude and
ability in the prospective employees and should not easily yield or pressure of
personal likes and dislikes. Application blanks should invariably be used for a
preliminary selection and tools for interviews. The personal officer should play
job knowledge in the function of selection. Employers should also take into
account the fact that selection should be for employee’s development, their
62
2) PROVISION OF HEALTHFUL AND HYGENIC WORKING
CONDITION:
In India, where the climate is warm and most of the work involves manual
labour, it is essential that the workers should be provided with proper and
rest rooms, lighting and ventilation, need to be improved. Where any one of these
facilities is not available, it should be provided and all these help in keeping the
The wages of an employee determine his as well as his family standard of living.
This single factor is important for him than other. The management should,
therefore pay reasonable wages and allowances, taking into account the capacity
The management should consider the needs of workers and offer them adequate
and cheap housing facilities, free of subsidized food, free medical and transport
facilities, free education facilities for their children and other monetary benefits.
63
As for social security is concern, the provision of Provident Fund, SBI facilities,
Since a majority of the workers are illiterate or not highly educated bulletins and
written notices journals and booklets are not easily understood by them.
meaningful only when workers can readied understood them, too many notices
should be avoided only the essential ones should be put on the boards, which
should be placed near the entrance inside the canteen and in areas which are
frequently visited by the workers so that they are aware of the policies of the
The management’s strict attitude in granting leave and holidays even when the
need for them is genuine, tempts workers to go on E.S.I. leave for under this
scheme, they can have 56 days leaves in years on half pay. An effective way of
64
overconfidence, carelessness, vanity, etc and such material factorizes unguarded
machinery and explosives, defective equipment and hand tools. Safe methods of
written instructions (manual) in the regional language of the area should be given
The supervisor should be recognize that industrial work is a groups task and
relations between the supervisors and these workers are therefore essential for
for their efficiency and advancement, as citizens for happy integrated life in the
community, as members of a trade union for the protection of their interests. The
be to make a worker:-
65
c) Lead a calm, clean and health life, based on a firm ethical foundation.
The Bradford Factor is a Human Resources tool used by many organizations to measure
and identify areas of absenteeism. The theory is that short, frequent and unplanned
It is based on the fact that it is normally easier to make arrangements to cover for staffs
who are going to be off for long periods, and which are more likely to be suffering from a
genuine illness.
However, employees taking odd unplanned days off here and there actually cause more
disruption to the business. If this pattern is repeated regularly, the employee will have a
high Bradford Factor score; which may raise questions about how genuine the illness
actually is?
Where E is the number of episodes of absence and D is the total number of days absent in
66
So, for employees with a total of 10 days absence in one year, the Bradford Factor score
can vary enormously, depending on the number of episodes of absence involved. For
example:
Five absence episodes of two days each is 250 points (i.e. 5 x 5 x 10)
Ten absence episodes of one day each is 1,000 points (i.e. 10 x 10 x 10)
There are no set rules for using the Bradford Factor; it is down to each organization to
However, used effectively, the Bradford Factor can reduce absenteeism dramatically,
Studies have shown that by educating staff about the Bradford Factor, and then showing
them their score on a regular basis, absenteeism can be reduced by over 20%. This is
largely down to staff understanding that taking the odd day off here and there will
quickly multiply their Bradford Factor score. The Bradford Factor places a value on the
absence which an employee can clearly see. Where the absence is not absolutely
When this is used in conjunction with a points system the Bradford Factor can be
67
For example, the Bradford Factor can be utilized by creating “triggers” whereby certain
actions are taken when an employee’s Bradford score reaches a certain point. For
Setting these triggers is entirely dependent on the organization using the Bradford Factor.
It is usually advisable to use the Bradford Factor as one of a number of absence policies.
However, setting these triggers and making staff aware of them, in addition to taking
led by the Bradford Factor, an organization can remove the potential for differences
across teams and management and remove the difficulties and reluctance that line
The Bradford Factor can provide organizations with a two pronged method for tackling
absence: proactively deterring absence in the first place and utilizing a set procedure to
68
Implementing the Bradford Factor:
Calculating the Bradford Factor for one member of staff over a given period is not a
difficult proposition. However, calculating the Bradford Factor over a rolling 52 week
period, across multiple teams and locations and considering different types of absence is
As a result of the exponential nature of the formula {E x E x D}, even the slightest
score.
For example: For an employee who has had 10 days off in a year in total, on two
separate occasions:
However, if their absence is either not recorded correctly, or is calculated wrong by just
one day:
You can see that their score is more than double, despite the small mistake. Getting the
formula the wrong way round can have even more significant results:
69
If an organization wants to tackle absenteeism effectively, using the Bradford Factor,
proceedings, then the process for calculating the Bradford Factor has to be full proof,
Without these processes in place the calculation of the Bradford Factor is extremely
difficult and time consuming. In addition to this; unequal processes for reporting and
70
3.9 DATA ANALYSIS
&
INTERPRETATION
The method of statistical representation is through bar diagram. The primary data
Q. For how many years you are working with Punjab National Bank?
60%
50%
40%
30%
Employees
20%
10%
0%
0-2 Years 2-5 Years 5-15Years >20 Years
Interpretation: It can be seen that 56% of the employees of PNB are working
for more than 20 years whereas 36% are working for more than 5 yrs.
71
Q. How often you remain absent in a month?
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
30%
20%
10%
0%
nil once tw ice >tw ice
Q. According to you what are the main reasons for employees absent?
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
reason for being absent
30%
20%
10%
0%
stress w orking personal
100% w orking
e nvironm ent problem condition
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
reason for being
40% absent
30%
Interpretation: According 20%
to 78% employees, personal problem is the reason for
10%
being absent. While 22% think
0% that stress can also be the reason.
stre ss personal
prob
72
Q. Your views regarding present Absenteeism Policy of Punjab National Bank?
80%
70%
60%
50%
20%
10%
0%
excellent good fair poor
Interpretation: It can be seen that 76% employees rates the present absenteeism
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
clarity regarding w ork
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
w ell clear good fairly clear don't know
73
Interpretation: 94% employees are well-cleared about their work / job
responsibilities, 4% employees have good knowledge about it and only 2% are
fairly cleared idea about their work.
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
30%
20%
10%
0%
w ell satisfied good fair not satisfied
Interpretation: 82% of the employees are fully satisfied with their work whereas
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
view s regarding w ork ing
40% env.
30%
20%
10%
0%
excellent good fair poor
74
Interpretation: 82% employees feel that the working environment at PNB is good
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
relations with superiors
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
excellent good fair poor
Interpretation: 50% employees have good relations with the superiors whereas
30% have excellent relations with the superiors.15% says that they fair relation
75
Q. Yours superiors behaviour towards your problem?
60%
50%
40%
20%
10%
0%
excellent good fair poor
their problems is excellent & 56% employees consider it as good.7% thinks that
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
30%
20%
10%
0%
excellent good fair poor
76
Interpretation: 86% employees consider that facilities provided to them are good
77
4.1 FINDINGS
4.2 CONCLUSIONS
78
4.1 FINDINGS
From the analysis I got following result-
Almost 56% of the employees at Punjab National Bank are working for
more than 20 years whereas 36% are working for more than 5 yrs.
82% of the employees are fully satisfied with their work whereas 16%
50% employees have good relations with the superiors whereas 30%
have excellent relations with the superiors.15% says that they fair
79
32% employees think that their superior’s behaviour toward their
80
4.2 CONCLUSION
If the organization has to achieve its objectives then they should concentrate on
Based on the cause certain suggestions are to make to control the further rate of
absenteeism. The measures taken by the management should not be offensive and its
81
4.3 SUGGESTIONS
&
RECOMMENDATIONS
hours of bonus pay for every month of perfect attendance can improve a
lot.
her frequent absenteeism and you find out that it is due to personal
3) Sickness Reporting – Tell employees that they must phone in, as early as
possible to advise why they are unable to make it to work and when they
expect to return.
82
4) Return to Work Interview- When an employee returns to work then ensure
absenteeism.
83
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
In the completion of this research report, I have consulted various books and also
internet.
BOOKS:
N.G.Nair & Nair Latha, Personnel Management, Sultan Chand & Sons
T.N. Chabra, Human Resource Management, Dhanpat Rai & Co. (P) Ltd., New
Delhi.
WEBSITES:
www.wikipedia.com
www.informaworld.com
www.joem.org
www.employer-employee.com
85
86
QUESTIONNAIRE
Personal Information
Name ………………………………………………………………………..
Age…………………………. Sex………………………..……
Job status…………………………………………………………………….
1) For how many years you are working with Punjab National Bank?
87
4) Your views regarding the present Absenteeism Policy of Punjab National
Bank?
Bank?
88
9) Your superior’s behaviour towards your problems?
10) Your views regarding the facilities provided to you by Punjab National
Bank?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____
89