5/20/2010

Project Title:

Enhancing Capacity for Nematode

Management in Small-Scale Banana
Cropping Systems
Funding: VLIR
Collaborating Institutions: UPLB, KUL, Bioversity International

Project Duration:
a. Date Project Started: 01 July 2002
b. Date of Completion: 30 June 2008

Enhancing Capacity for Nematode Management in Small-

Scale Banana Cropping Systems
Component Studies:
Study 1. Survey and collection of banana cultivars resistant
to nematodes in small-scale cropping systems
Study 2. Survey of population, occurrence and prevalence of
nematode species associated with banana
Study 3. Identification of banana varieties with resistance to
nematodes for use in classical breeding
Study 4. Assessment of diversity of Radopholus similis and
Meloidogyne spp.
Study 5. Validation of resistance reaction of selected banana
cultivars under farmers’ field conditions

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Enhancing Capacity for Nematode Management in Small-

Scale Banana Cropping Systems

General Objectives:

1. To improve banana production at the smallholder

level through the development of an alternative
method for the management of nematodes in
small-scale banana cropping systems
2. To strengthen the nematological training and
research capacity of the College of Agriculture,
University of the Philippines Los Baños
3. To train Southeast Asian nematologists in banana
nematology

Accomplishments

Study 1. Survey and collection of banana cultivars

resistant to nematodes in small-scale cropping systems

Survey sites:
Luzon (Quezon, Oriental Mindoro
and Quirino provinces)
Visayas (Cebu)
Mindanao (Davao del Norte and
Davao del Sur)

Samples collected:
529 root samples involving 37 cultivars

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Accomplishments

Study 1. Survey and collection of banana cultivars resistant to

nematodes in small-scale cropping systems

Most number of samples:

collected
Latundan (130)
Lakatan (106)
Saba (82)
Cardaba (56)
Bungulan (29)
Sab-a (28)
Morado (25)
Quarenta dias (20)

Accomplishments
Study 2. Survey of population, occurrence and prevalence of
nematode species associated with banana

Root damage assessment (based on percent necrosis and dead

roots)
Sabang Puti (Cebu) – 76% % RN (highest)
Inabaniko (Oriental Mindoro) - 46.0% RN
Saba (Quezon) - 30% RN
Morado (Quirino) - 30% RN

Sabang Puti (Cebu) - 62.0% DR

Morado and Cuarenta dias (Quirino) - 65% and 50% DR,
respectively
Pulo (Davao) - 40.0% RN and 30.0% DR

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Accomplishments
Study 2. Survey of population, occurrence and prevalence of
nematode species associated with banana

Root galling
 Observed in all surveyed areas but in trace to less than 25% galling
incidence only (RGI: 1.0 – 2.0) in cultivars Morado, Bungulan, Saba,
Lakatan, Latundan and Mundo.

 Highest nematode counts per 10

gram root samples was observed in
Latundan (727 individuals) and the
least in cultivar Pacol with only 24
individual nematodes

Root Galls

Accomplishments

Study 2. Survey of population, occurrence and prevalence of

nematode species associated with banana

Nematode species found (% distribution)

Radopholus similis - 65%

Helicotylenchus multicinctus - 59%
Pratylenchus sp. - 42%
Meloidogyne sp. - 19%
Rotylenchulus reniformis - 16%

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Study 3. Identification of banana varieties and other Musa

species with resistance to nematodes for use in classical
breeding

Activity 1. Maintenance of pure cultures of

nematodes

Activity 2. Identification of resistance in local banana

cultivars to nematodes under greenhouse
condition

Activity 3. Confirmation of resistance of identified resistant

cultivars to nematodes under field condition

Activity 1. Maintenance of pure cultures

 Radopholus similis from Davao City was maintained

and cultured in carrot discs.

 Meloidogyne incognita from UPLB was maintained

and cultured in okra plants.

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Activity 2. Identification of resistance

 Screening for resistance to R. similis (Davao

population) (6 pot experiments)

 Thirty (34) local cultivars

 Two (2) accessions of M. balbisiana
 Pisang Jari Buaya and Yangambi Km 5 – resistant
checks
 Grand Naine – susceptible check

 Nine (9) cultivars and one collection of M. balbisiana

were found resistant and/or tolerant to R. similis.

Resistant: Cuarenta Dias (AA), Guyod (AA),

Morong Princesa (AA), M.
balbisiana (BBw) (98-085)

Tolerant: Ambon (AAA), Cardaba (BBB),

Galamay Señora (AAB), Katali (ABB),
Kinamay Dalaga (AA), Pandili (UC)

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Activity 2. Identification of resistance

 Screening for resistance to M. incognita (UPLB

isolate) (5 pot experiments)

 Thirty (32) local cultivars

 Grand Naine was used as susceptible check

 Eleven (11) cultivars were found resistant/tolerant

to M. incognita.

Resistant: Ambon (AAA), Pandili (UC), Sulay

Baguio (AAA), Tanggung (AAA)

Tolerant: Cardaba (BBB), Datu (AAA), Katali

(ABB), Kinamay Dalaga (AA),
Laknau (AAB), Manang (AA),
Matavia (ABB)

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Activity 3. Confirmation of resistance/tolerance under

field condition (micro-plot experiment)

 R. similis (7): Cuarenta Dias, Galamay Señora, Guyod,

Morong Princesa, Pandili, Yangambi Km
5 (R), Grand Naine (S)

 M. incognita (6): Ambon, Morong Princesa, Pandili,

Sulay Baguio, Tanggung, Grand Naine (S)

 Problems encountered:
o Some cultivars were infected with BBTV.
o Some cultivars were destroyed by typhoon.

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 Response of banana cultivars to R. similis

under field condition
Cultivar % root necrosis No. of nematodes
per 10 g roots

Cuarenta Dias 5.8 13

Galamay Señora 5.8 14
Guyod 8.2 19
Morong Princesa 19.3 34
Pandili 9.2 6
Y Km 5 (R) 5.8 7
Grand Naine (S) 41.3 486

 Response of banana cultivars to M. incognita

under field condition
Cultivar Root galling index No. of nematodes
(0-5) per 10 g roots

Ambon 1.3 45
Morong Princesa 1.1 70
Tanggung 1.6 74
Pandili 1.0 81
Sulay Baguio 1.7 160
Grand Naine (S) 3.3 1,299

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Study 4. Assessment of diversity of Radopholus

similis and Meloidogyne spp. Populations
(MS Thesis of Ms. Aireen G. Castillo, CPC)

Activity 1. Identification and pathogenicity of

Quirino, Laguna, Quezon and
Oriental Mindoro Meloidogyne spp.
populations to banana cultivars

Activity 2. Reactions of different banana

cultivars and species to four M.
incognita populations

 Identification of Meloidogyne spp. Populations

based on morphology and taxonomic
characters

Morphological Characters (10 males):

head cap
head region
stylet
tail structure
tail region
spicule

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 Identification of Meloidogyne spp. Populations

based on morphology and taxonomic characters

Morphological Characters (perineal pattern of 10

females):
dorsal arch
lateral field
striae
tail terminus
head cap

 Identification of Meloidogyne spp. based on

morphology and taxonomic characters

Morphometrics:
Eggs and juveniles - length and width
Adult males – body length and width, head
height and width, length of
stylet, esophagus, testis,
spicule, tail

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 Variability/differences in the morphology and

morphometrics of the Meloidogyne incognita were
observed within and among populations.
Differences in the morphology and morphometrics
of the Meloidogyne populations did not indicate
differential virulence or aggressiveness of the
population against the banana cultivars screened.

Activity 2. Reactions of different banana cultivars and

species to four M. incognita populations

 Cultivars(10): Bungulan, Cardaba, Cuarenta

Dias, Datu, Lakatan, Latundan,
Mundo, Sulay Baguio, Grand Naine (S)

 Species: M. balbisiana (98-617)

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Activity 2. Reactions of different banana

cultivars and species to four M.
incognita populations

 Parameters: plant height, pseudostem girth

at base, shoot and root weight
 Root damage: Root galling index
 Nematode reproduction: number of egg-
laying females, number per 10 g,
and root system

 Activity 2. Reactions of different banana cultivars

and species to four M. incognita
populations

 M. incognita populations significantly showed

negative influence on all growth parameters.

 All cultivars were susceptible or not tolerant to M.

incognita populations.
No possible relationship between populations with
different parasitic ability and in the resistant/
susceptibility of the cultivars screened was established.

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Title. Reactions of Different Banana Cultivars (Musa x

paradisiaca) Linn. Against UPLB, Davao and
Quezon Province Populations of Radopholus
similis (Cobb) Thorne
(MS Thesis of Ms. Marita S. Pinili)

Activity 1. In vitro reproductive fitness of three

R. similis populations

Activity 2. Morphology and morphometrics of

three R. similis populations

Activity 3. Pathogenicity and host-plant reactions

on banana cultivars and species

Activity 1. In vitro reproductive fitness of three

R. similis populations

Data: Nematode densities and reproduction ratios

at 4,5,6,7,8 and 8 weeks after inoculation on
carrot discs (28 C). The initial inoculum was
20 adult females.

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 Quezon isolate increased by 1.8, 55.4 and 127.6

times at 4, 5 and 6 weeks, respectively. Higher
growth rate was observed.

 Densities of UPLB and Davao populations were

similar at 5 weeks but lower compared to Quezon
isolate.

 Nematode density and reproduction ratio was

highest at 8 weeks with Davao population.

 UPLB population had the highest density at 7

weeks after inoculation.

 Quezon population produced more reproductive

females at 6 weeks, while 7 and 8 weeks for UPLB
and Davao populations.

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Activity 2. Morphology and morphometrics of three

R. similis populations

Parameters: body length & width, tail length

and width, anus, anterior and
posterior ovary length, testis and
spicule length

 Females are longer than males although variations

between populations were observed.
 UPLB females had the longest and widest body,
longest posterior ovary and tail
No significant variations were observed on spicule
length and gubernaculum, stylet length, head
length and width.
Tail shape and length varied within and among
populations.
UPLB population showed only one type of tail
terminus, truncate with annulations.

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Activity 3. Pathogenicity and host-plant reactions

on banana cultivars and species

Cultivars (10) in 2 pot experiments:

Bungulan, Cardaba, Cuarenta Dias, Lakatan-
Davao, Latundan, Morado, M. balbisiana (98-
617), Yangambi Km 5 and Pisang Jari Buaya
(R), and Grand Naine (S)

Activity 3. Pathogenicity and host-plant reactions

on banana cultivars and species

Parameters: plant height, girth width, shoot and

and root weights, number of
functional leaves, root damage (%
dead roots, root health assessment,
% root necrosis), number of
nematodes per plant

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 Davao population gave significant number of

nematodes per plant and on root damage, followed
by UPLB and Quezon populations.

 Davao population gave the highest percent reduction

in growth parameters of test genotypes except
Lakatan-Davao.

 All cultivars except Bungulan was found resistant to

Quezon isolate.

Accomplishments

Study 5. Validation of resistance reaction of

selected banana cultivars under farmers’ field
conditions

Four (4) farmers’

field trials were
set up

Infanta
Tiaong

Lucban
Tayabas

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Accomplishments

Validation of resistance reaction of selected banana

cultivars under farmers’ field conditions

7 local cultivars (Cardaba, Latundan, Lakatan,

Buñgulan, Cuarenta Dias, Cavendish and Sulay
Baguio)

Preliminary results indicate the presence of few

nematodes in Tiaong.

Other Accomplishments

Publications:

 Poster papers – 11
 Oral papers – 8
 Draft Manuscripts – 4

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Other Accomplishments

Students Graduated:

BS –2
MS –3
PhD –1

Other Accomplishments

Country Reports/Technical Manual

DELA CRUZ FS, I. VAN DEN BERGH, D DE WAELE, DM

HAUTES and AB MOLINA (eds) 2005. Towards
management of Musa nematodes in Asia and the Pacific
(Country Reports). IPRGI. 93 pp.

DELA CRUZ FS, I. VAN DEN BERGH, D DE

WAELE, DM HAUTES and AB MOLINA (eds)
2005. Towards management of Musa
nematodes in Asia and the Pacific
(Technical Manual). IPRGI. 76 pp

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Other Accomplishments

Recognitions:

Best Poster: International

ZORILLA RA, TO DIZON, DC PANTASTICO, JI ORAJAY, FS

DELA CRUZ JR. , I VAN DEN BERGH, DM HAUTEA and D DE
WAELE. 2004. Occurrence and damage potential
assessment of nematode in different banana cultivars in
Quezon Province, Philippines. Ist International Banana
Congress, La Rosa Sayang Resort, Malaysia, July 6-9,
2004.

Other Accomplishments

Recognitions:

Best Poster: National

ZORILLA RA, TO DIZON, FS DELA CRUZ JR, MS PINILI, AG

CASTILLO, TD REYES, SM CALDERON, LC DEL MUNDO, I VAN
DEN BERGH and D DE WAELE. 2007. Survey and damage
assessment on banana cultivars infected with plant parasitic
nematodes in Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte and Cebu
provinces. Paper presented during the 38th PMCP Anniv. and
Annual Scientific Conference held at Bohol Tropics Resort,
Tagbilaran City on March 20-23, 2007.

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Other Accomplishments

Regional and Local Trainings:

Training Workshop on Enhancing Capacity for Nematode

Management for Small Scale Banana Cropping system, IPB,
December 3-7, 2003

In-country Training Workshop on Enhancing Capacity for

Nematode Management in Musa, IPB, May 23-26, 2005.

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