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I
n the beginning was the Hindustani Parsi theatre. Picture in India. From Parsi theatre Hindi cinema also inherited its
this… The crucial third bell peals, the velvet curtains roll audiences and many of its histrionic traditions. And certainly
up and the background music is struck for Chandravali there was much more to this womanhood than a mere stuffing
Natika. A pretty young flower girl steps out of the wings with of bosoms.
a basket in her arms, and begins to mince her way across the
stage, singing the hit song, ‘Do phool jani le lo’ (buy two flowers Early Years of Theatre
from me my love!) in a high soprano voice. The all male audience
goes into a frenzy. Admirers whistle, blow kisses and roar, ‘Wasi India of the 1920s was a society where sexes were firmly
too zinda wasi’! (may you live long dear Wasi!). If stage legend segregated. Women from good families dared not come out into
is to be believed, some fans of Wasi were so overcome by the ‘mardaan khanas’ (spacious living rooms for men) of their
emotions that they ripped their sleeves and fell in a dead faint own house, where their husbands sat smoking their hookahs,
in the aisles. chewing pan and watching nautch girls dance and sing with their
This pretty vendor of flowers men were ready to kill for, was male friends. Yet all communities, including the otherwise
a young boy, master Wasi of Lahore. He was not the only one. progressive Parsis, believed that the presence of real flesh and
There was also master Nisar, a young boy, whose money and blood women in theatre groups and on stage would corrode moral
alcohol loving father kept him under vigil day and night. His values and lead to extremes of debauchery. So not only female
golden soprano, it is said, could rise above the scales available impersonators but also editors, thespians, directors and theatre
on the keys of the harmonium. He dominated the stage from 1915 owners, all came together in blocking real women from joining
to 1935 but died of various kinds of addictions including opium commercial theatre companies and enacting female roles on stage.
and alcohol. Men, even company men, it was said, were so unused to serving
To present-day readers news of such behaviour might women at close quarters within their theatrical territory, that poor
seem kinky or bizarre. But it is vital that we recognise the inter- Jamshetji Batliwala (of Victoria Company) had suffered a stroke
connections between these young baby-faced Parsi theatre when he woke from sleep suddenly, and found a woman (one
players of female roles and the present-day portrayal of Miss Fatima) in his room.
women in Hindi films. Their femininity may be different in The basic reason for such extreme reactions lay in the nature
scope and degree, but not in kind. As women in the accepted of marital relationships between man and wife in “respectable”
sense of the term in India, they have all been created, not families. Marriage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was
born. The Hindustani Parsi theatre which polished and mostly a euphemism for a socially sanctioned tie-up based less
polished the art of female impersonation by male actors, was not on individuals and more on considerations of caste and class,
only the real precursor of Hindi films but also formed the not romantic love. Sex was for procreation (‘prajapatye’), and
nursery for most of the early stars later to grace the silver screen the perpetuation of the family bloodlines. There were many large