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Review Sheet
Fall 2010
Valence Electrons
-know how to assign valence electrons in atoms and molecules
-understand the Octet Rule and why it’s important
Ionic Bonds
- Be able to generate a Lewis structure for an ionic compound, such as NaCl.
- Known what Lattice energy refers to (formation of crystalline ionic solid from
gaseous ions), and identify which step in a Born-Haber cycle corresponds to the
Lattice energy.
- Be able to state from a series of choices which compound has a higher or lower
lattice energy (e.g., which has the higher lattice energy, NaCl or NaBr? And
why?).
Covalent Bonds
- know what constitutes a covalent bond (example: how is it different than an ionic
bond?)
- Lewis Structures (know these well, they lead to many other concepts in the
chapters to come)
-sharing of electrons
-octet rule
-writing Lewis structures
Electronegativity
- know what it is
- know the general trends and be able to correlate them with IEs and metallic and
covalent radii.
- be able to determine whether a compound has a polar bond.
- know whether a compound is ionic, covalent or polar covalent.
Bond Lengths
-what’s longer, a single or double bond? And why?
Bond energy
- be able to predict which molecule will have a stronger, or weaker, bond based on
its Lewis structure (e.g., CO has a triple bond, CO2 has a double bond, etc.)
Resonance Hybrids
-know what they are
-be able to recognize what might contain hybrids (i.e., those with double or triple
bonds) example: if you see a molecule with a central atom bonded to more than
one oxygen, for example, and the Lewis structure shows a double bond that’s a tip
off you might have a resonance hybrid.
-be able to draw the different hybrids (the double headed arrow, etc.).
Formal Charges
-the equation will be given, know how it and what they represent (e.g., formal
charges are simply that a book keeping device to help decide on the best Lewis
Structure)
-be able to choose the best Lewis Structure from many different choices (and be
able to generate those choices).
Metallic bonding
- how is it different from metallic and ionic bonding? What does this mean for the
properties of metals?
VSEPR theory
-be able to predict the shape (also known as the molecular geometry) of a
molecule using Lewis Structures and VSEPR theory.
-shapes you need to know (you won’t be tested on any others)
linear, bent, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, tetrahedral.
Intermolecular forces
-know these well, for they are used to explain most if not all of the properties of
liquids and solutions
-be able to predict the strength of intermolecular forces using experimental data.
We went through an example of this in class
Surface Tension
- what is surface tension? Why is it important?
- Surface tension controls the shape of the liquid. How?
Vapor pressure
-why does water evaporate if left in an open container?
-what is vapor pressure? What is equilibrium? Why is the vapor pressure used to
characterize liquids at specific temperatures?
Enthalpy of Vaporization
-what is the enthalpy of vaporization?
-be able to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization for a reaction (e.g., H2O(l) ->
H2O(g)) using data from Appendix IIB
Phase diagrams
- Know how to use one. (e.g., if given a specific temperature and/or pressure, be
able to list what state the molecule is in).
- Know what the different regions, and lines between regions, represent. (e.g., what
is physically happening at the triple point?).