UMTS – Global Standard for 3G

Wireless Communication

Shariq Yasin
Sr. Manager (RNE)
3G Technologies (Guarantee) Ltd.

29th January, 2009

 Central Asian CDMA Forum

 Provide CDMA/WCDMA technology and development awareness,

training and related industry support in Central Asia through;
• Training & HR Development Collaboration with Governments,
Regulatory Agencies, Operators, Academia, Professionals and
Manufacturers
• Benchmarking of the Industry
• Technical Audit of Networks & Services
• Media and advocacy
• Inter-active discussion portal
• Roaming and specifications development (associate
membership of CDG)
• Consultancies
 Develop relationship with other Technology Development
Organizations
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Accomplishments
 Inter-active online portal
• Region Telecom Industry News, Technology Information, Discussion Forum
& Job Postings
 Series of CDMA awareness programs on FM radio network on CDMA
Technology
 Trainings Conducted
• Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan Operators & MOC/Regulator, INPT/WANA
Moroco, Afghan Telecom, PTCL, PTA, FAB, Diallog, HEC, UET Lahore,
IQRA University, DVcom, GIKI, IMS Peshawar, Telecard, Comsats etc.
 Co-operation with other CDMA organizations like CDG, CDMAU, CCF,
GHRC and regional CDMA Forum such as Africa CDMA Forum
 Bench marking & Audit of CDMA operators
 Establishment of CDMA HR Development Centre.
 Establishment of permanent Engineering Services Working Group (ESWG)
to resolve technical issues between CDMA operators
 GHRC Initiative for Pakistan WLL Operators
 Held Seminars on UMTS awareness and regulations in Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan and Pakistan

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Sections

 Multiple Access
 IMT2000 Umbrella
 Evolution Path
 UMTS Services
 UMTS Overview
 Network Architecture
 Codes and Channels
 LTE Overview
 UMTS Deployment and General Aspects
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Multiple Access
Multiple Access Techniques

 Multiple Access
• To maximize the usage of scarce resource like
Frequency.

 Three widely used techniques

• Frequency Division Multiple Access
• Time Division Multiple Access
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
• Code Division Multiple Access
• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SS)
• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS)

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IMT2000 Umbrella
ITU, IMT2000

 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)

• Specialized agency of UN.
• Standardization of Telecommunication and allocation of Spectrum
• The Telecommunication Standardization Sector, ITU-T
• The Radiocommunication Sector, ITU-R
• The Telecommunication Development Sector, ITU-D
 IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)
• Defined by ITU for the Global Standard for 3rd Generation wireless
communications in 1999
• Includes six radio interfaces as a part of the ITU-R M.1457
Recommendation:
• WCDMA (UTRA-FDD)
• CDMA2000
• TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA
• EDGE
• DECT
• IP-OFDMA TDD WMAN (in 2007)

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3GPP

 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)

• Created in Dec 1998, for the collaboration between
telecommunication associations to develop globally
acceptable 3G mobile phone system under the scope of
IMT-2000
• Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3G
Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and
the radio access technologies that they support (i.e.,
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency
Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD)
modes).

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Evolution Path
Need for Evolution
 Global Standard for cost effectiveness
 New Services (Video Telephony)
 Spectral Efficiency to accommodate more subscribers
 More Throughput (more UL and DL requirements)
 Global Roaming
 Achieving Customer Expectations
 Roadmap to Future Evolution
 Vendor Support
• EOM: (End of marketing) End of new order (1~2 Yr)
• EOFS: (End of Full support) End of bug fixing (3 Yr)
• EOS: (End of Service) End of Service Supporting (4 Yr)

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Evolution of 3G: Data Rates

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Timeline: UMTS and CDMA2000

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Evolution of 3G

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UMTS Services
Call Types

 Voice Call
• Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Voice Codec

 Packet Switched (PS) Data

• Reuses NAS layer of GPRS

 Circuit Switched (CS) Data

• Includes Sync / Async Data
• Includes Group 3 Fax
• Protocols the same as for GSM

 Location Based Services (LBS)

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 Service classified

 Multi- Services requires service classified QoS

• Time-delay sensitivity

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Device Support

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UMTS Overview
 UMTS and W-CDMA

 UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

• UMTS encompasses the entire mobile communication system,
including the two core networks, and up to three radio access
networks.

Non-Access CS-Core PS-Core

Stratum (NAS) Network Network

Access UTRA-FDD
UTRA-TDD GSM/GPRS
Stratum (WCDMA)

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 What is UMTS/WCDMA?

• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Wide-

band CDMA is a 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based
Radio Access Network (RAN), with chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
• Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network.
• “WCDMA” refers to the FDD Physical Layer and
the protocols that support it.
• “UTRAN” refers to the UMTS/WCDMA Radio Access
network.
• “UMTS” refers to the entire network.

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UMTS/WCDMA Spectrum

The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number (UARFCN), where
Fcenter = UARFCN * 200 KHz

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UMTS/WCDMA Bandwidth

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 3GPP Standards
Release 99
•FDD and TDD at 3.84 Mcps
•Services as in GSM/GPRS
•Support for Multicall
•Location Services
HSDPA
•Included in Release 5
•Adaptive modulation and coding
•Multiple codes allocation
• Physical Layer HARQ
•DL Rates as high as 10 Mbps
HSPA Release 7+
Release 4
•TDD at 1.28 Mcps
•UTRA Repeater
•Core Network Transport to IP
•Non-transparent Real-Time
Facsimile
HSUPA
•Release 6 & 7
•New Channels Added (E-DCH)
•New Physical Dedicated
Channels for UL and DL
•UL Rates as high as 5.4 Mbps
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Release 5
•UTRAN Transport to IP
•IP Based Multimedia Services
•A-GPS with Open Interface
for SMLC and RNC
•HSDPA
Release 8
•Long Term Evolution (LTE)
•New Access Technology
based on OFDMA, CDMA
and TDMA
•DL Rates as high as
100Mbps
•UL Rates as high as 50Mbps
Network Architecture
UMTS Network Topology

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WCDMA R5 Network Architecture

CS domain IP/ATM Backbone

MG MG PSTN/PLMN
GSM /GPRS BSS W W
VMSC ServerGMSC Server
BSC
BTS HLR/AUC/HS
Iu-CS S
SCE
PCU SS7
RNC SMS
SCP
NodeB Iu-PS Internet,
GPRS
backbone
Intranet
UTRAN SGSN
GGSN
PS MGW MGCF
CG BG
domain
IP backbone
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
MRFC
MRFP
IMS domain

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WCDMA RAN Architecture

Core Network

Iu Iu

RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC

Iub Iub Iub Iub

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Previous interfaces with new identities

New Interfaces like Iur

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Link Types

RAB

RB
CN
UE
RNC
RL
NodeB

RL: Radio Link

RB: Radio Bearer
RAB: Radio Access Bearer

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UE Modes of Connection

 Idle Mode
• (No active Connection)
 Cell_DCH
• CS and PS Call connected
with handover
 Cell_FACH
• PS Connected with Cell
Update
 Cell_PCH
• PS Dormant with Cell Update
 URA_PCH
• PS Dormant with URA Update

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Codes and Channels
 Codes in UMTS/WCDMA

• OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes

• Gold Codes: Spreading Codes
• DL PSC: 512, SSC: 7680
• UL Scrambling Codes: 16.8 million

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 OVSF & Walsh

Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
OVSF codes (Walsh) are completely orthogonal and their mutual correlation is zero.

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Purpose of OVSF

 Downlink SF of typical service

Typical service Data rate Downlink
SF
AMR 12.2, kbps 128
VP 64kbps 32
144kbps 144kbps 16
384kbps 384kbps 8
HSDPA 14.4mbps for one cell 16

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Physical Layer Procedures

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 UMTS Logical Channel

Broadcast Control Channel （BCCH）

Paging Control Channel （PCCH）
Dedicated Control Channel （DCCH） Control Channel（CCH）

Common Control Channel （CCCH）

Dedicated Traffic Channel （DTCH） Traffic Channel（TCH）

Common Traffic Channel （CTCH）

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 UMTS Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel DCH

• DCH includes uplink and downlink Dedicated transport

channel

Broadcast Channel BCH

Forward Access Channel FACH
Paging Channel PCH Common transport
channel
Random Access Channel RACH

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Channel Mapping

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Functions of Physical Channel
Cell broadcast channels
P-CPICH – Primary Common Pilot Channel
S-CPICH – Secondary Common Pilot Channel

P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel

SCH – Synchronous Channel

Paging channel
S-CCPCH – Primary Common Control Physical Channel

PICH – Paging Indicator Channel

Random access channel

Node B PRACH – Physical Random Access Channel UE

AICH – Acquisition Indicator Channel

Dedicated channel
DPDCH – Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DPCCH – Dedicated Physical Control Channel

High speed downlink shared channel

HS-SCCH – High Speed Shared Control Channel

HS-PDSCH －High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

HS-DPCCH – High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

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LTE Overview
Long Term Evolution

 The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has

approved the functional freeze of LTE (Long Term
Evolution) as part of 3GPP Release 8 - 11th December
2008
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has
been selected for the Downlink and Single Carrier-
Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for the
Uplink. The Downlink will support data modulation
schemes QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM and the Uplink will
support BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM.
 Supports MIMO and SMART Antenna technology

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LTE Performance Requirement

Metric Requirement
Peak Data Rates DL: 100 Mbps
UL: 50 Mbps
(for 20MHz spectrum)
Mobility Support Up to 500kmph
Optimized to 0 to 15kmph
User Plane Latency <5ms
Control Plane Capacity >200 users per cell
(for 5MHz spectrum)
Coverage 5 ~ 100km with slight
(Cell Size) degradation after 30km
Spectrum Flexibility 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 MHz

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LTE Logical Channels

 Control Channel
• Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
• Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
• Common Control Channel (CCCH)
• Multicast Control Channel (MCCH)
• Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

 Traffic Channel
• Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
• Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)

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LTE Transport Channels

 Downlink Channels
• Broadcast Channel (BCH)
• Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
• Paging Channel (PCH)
• Multicast Channel (MCH)

 Uplink Channels
• Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
• Random Access Channel (RACH)

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LTE Entities

 Evolved NodeB (eNB)

 Evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN)
 Serving Gateway (SGW)
 Mobility Management Entity (MME)
 Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW)

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LTE Advance

 ITU has introduced a term IMT-Advanced for

mobile systems beyond IMT-2000 scope.
 In June 2008, 3GPP held two workshops on
“Requirements for Further Advancements for
E-UTRA”
 IMT-Advanced 3GPP RAN working on LTE-
Advanced

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UMTS Deployment and
General Aspects
UMTS Global Facts

 WCDMA Subscribers 351m

 HSPA Subscribers 79m
 HSPA Devices >1000
 UMTS Deployments 260 in 105 countries
 HSDPA Deployments 230 in 90 countries

UMTS Forum – 26 Jan 2009

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 Regional Status
Middle East and North Africa
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya,
Kuwait, Oman, Algeria,
Bahrain, Morocco,
Yemen, UAE, Turkey, Iran,
Qatar Iraq and
Afghanistan

SAARC Central Asia

India, Kyrgyzstan,
Bangladesh, Armenia,
Maldives, Georgia,
Bhutan, Tajikistan,
Afghanistan, Uzbekistan,
Sri Lanka. Mongolia
Nepal

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UMTS Vendors

 Ericsson  Nokia Siemens Network

 Huawei  Samsung
 LG  NEC
 Alcatel-Lucent  Nortel Networks
 Motorola  ZTE

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Road to Deregulation Competition
54.0
45.0
2005 35.0
Onwards 2004
Onwards 11.0
2002 4.6 6.3 7.0
2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 4.0

Onwards
PTCL 2000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Privatisation Launch of 1999
New
Mobile/WLL/ Deregulation 1994
Pakistan
LDI of state IT Policy PTCL gets
Companies monopoly GSM License
PTCL WLL
1994
1994 Onward
1993 s
1992
Telecom Sector
DNOP/VAS
Paging Reorganisation
01st GSM Licenses,
License Licenses
1991
1990
1989 1962 1947

Card Payphone Paging

Two
Licenses License Pakistan
AMPS
T&T Post and
Cellular
Telegraph
Licenses
Dept
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 Pakistan Government
Telecommunication Bodies
 MOITT (Ministry of IT and Telecoms)
• Generation of Policy, and Oversight on PTA, FAB, PSEB, USF,ICT R&D Fund and PTCL.
 PTA (Pakistan Telecom Authority)
• Regulates the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems
• Responsible for promoting & development of telecommunication systems and services
 FAB (Frequency Allocation Board)
• Allocates radio frequency spectrum to the Government, providers of telecommunication
services, radio and television broadcasting operators, public and private wireless operators
and others
• Separate from, but reporting to (at least in theory) PTA.
 NTC (National telecommunication Corporation)
• Limited mandate to provide services to the Government
 SCO (Special Communications Organization)
• Limited mandate to provide services to Azad Kashmir

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UMTS in Pakistani Scenario

 At least two licenses were committed for auction

in IM issued by MoIT. (Each of 10 MHz)
 PTA and FAB has to clear the 3G spectrum in
2.1GHz band by the end of 2006.
 Delays due to:
• Reluctance of Operators
• Economic and Political Conditions of Pakistan
• Declining ARPU
• Un-identified Killer Application

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Question & Answers
 References

 WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.

 WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation
Mobile Communications, H. Holma and A. Toskla, Second
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
 HSDPA: Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS
University.
 HSUPA:Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS
University.
 LTE Technical Overview (whitepaper) Motorola
 UMTS Forum (www.umts-forum.org)
 UMTS World (www.umtsworld.com)

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Thank You
Shariq Yasin
shariq@3gca.org