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In the present booming economical environment every organization plans to expand and
develop quick system and encash economic boom, as soon as possible.
This require a process which can quickly develop new systems, in lesser time with lesser
cost.
This presentation will focus on the process of how to achieve the development goal.
System Analysis – Analysis of current system for Problems & Demerits in it and
Additional requirements in new system
System Design – Process of planning new system which will replace the old one
Present system no longer efficiently and effectively meets the Goals of organization.
DIVISION OF PROJECT into the identifiable phases which can be managed without
having any problem.
Strategic Planning
Based upon businesses multiyear strategic plan
Identify IT components or requirements within the business plan
◦ Include IT inhibitors as well as IT-based breakthroughs
Create rough plan of major IT initiatives
This should form a baseline IT plan as well as human resources plan
Example
3-Year Business Plan
1. Accelerate product intro process to 4 months
2. Move manufacture of mature products to Mexico
3. Expand e-commerce capabilities to direct online selling and custom catalogs
3-Year IS Plan
1. Engineering automation: implement e-only design process
2. Extend corporate network to offshore manufacturing partners
3. Create internet sales site and custom catalog framework
Architecture
Many firms have developed “systems architectures”
◦ A high-level roadmap which maps business functions to present and future
systems
◦ And shows relationships between systems
◦ Does not specific timeframe
◦ Must be updated regularly
Specific investment decisions and priorities can be made within this framework
Preliminary Investigation
Whatever may be the reason of a request submitted by the Users or Managers to the IS
department a system analyst is assigned to make a preliminary investigation.
The objective of this activity is to review all requests and identify those proposals that are
most beneficial to the organization.
But this should be noted that this is neither a designed study nor it includes collection of
details to completely describe the business system.
Request Clarification
BENEFITS:
• Tangible Benefits:
Increase in sales / Contribution / Profits
Decrease in investment, operating and processing cost.
Improved information availability, analysis, Management Decision skill
• Intangible Benefits:
Increase in Goodwill / Improved Image of Business
Request Approval
Based on the Observation and Findings of the Analyst, selected requests are put up
for the approval of management.
• Documents: This includes the Manuals, diagrams, forms, organizational charts etc. It
should be ensured that all documents are accurate & up to date
• Questionnaires: These are skillfully drafted group of standard question which can
be given to all personal and can be analyze quickly.
• Interviews: To get a complete picture of problems and opportunities.
• Observation: Surprise Visit of users work palace to get a clear picture of user’s
environment.
System Design
System design first involves Logical Design. First one has to write detailed
specification that called design specification. Than secondly it involves Physical Design.
This Phase of System Development includes following functions:
Designing System Output
Designing System Input
Data Storage
Data Storage
This includes the storage of data, indexing etc.
For storage of data it can follow following approaches:
Conventional File Approach: This is a traditional approach where each transaction
is updated in the master file, each application have their own database and it is not
useful for other applications. (Boss in IHCL)
Database Approach: This support decision making skill of the management. Data
are stored in the small-small database files and same data can be used in the
multiple applications. (Files maintained as a process of the organization for MIS etc.)
System Acquisition & Development
After designing the system all required resources (hardware & Software) should
be gathered. If some of them are already with the organization than it reduces the cost of
acquisition, for remaining items organization has to plan its procurements process, this
includes following:
Selection of Hardware:
Selection of Software
Vendor Selection
Selection of Hardware
While selecting the hardware for new system a developer must keep in mind
following:
Latest Technology
Whether requirement of business is for Scientific or Business Computer
Software supplied by the manufacture and requirement of additional software
Compatible with the existing systems in organization
Selection of Software
Vendor Selection
This is finding of resources from new system hardware and software will be
procured.
At resource will be finalized based on the following:
Conversion Procedures
This is the time when organization switch over from old system to new developed
system.
Following are the Strategies / Methods for conversion / Changeover of old
system to new system.
Direct Changeover: Direct closing the old system and starting the new one.
Parallel Changeover: for sometime operating both system simultaneously.
Gradual Changeover: Department wise switch over to new systems.
Distributed Changeover: Any other method which management feels good
for organation.
Post Implementation Evaluation (Feedback)
Analysis of Satisfaction of Users or checking whether system is Operating
Properly or whether Objectives of System Development is achieved or not, is the most
important function in whole System Development process.
This is also important for development of new system in future since each
development gives some experiences and lists some things to be taken care off.
Post Implementation Evaluation includes following area:
Development Evaluation: Check whether development was done within
schedule and budgets.
Operation Evaluation: Check whether system is capable for handling the
duties and objective of development is achieved
Information Evaluation: Check Satisfaction of users etc.