A router is a device that forwards data packets across computer networks.

Router
s perform the data "traffic direction" functions on the Internet. A router is a
microprocessor-controlled device that is connected to two or more data lines fro
m different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the route
r reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destinat
ion. Then, using information in its routing table, it directs the packet to the
next network on its journey. A data packet is typically passed from router to ro
uter through the networks of the Internet until it gets to its destination compu
ter. Routers also perform other tasks such as translating the data transmission
protocol of the packet to the appropriate protocol of the next network..[1]
The most familiar type of routers are home and small office routers that simply
pass data, such as web pages and email, between the home computers and the owner
's cable or DSL modem, which connects to the Internet (ISP) However more sophist
icated routers range from enterprise routers, which connect large business or IS
P networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along
the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.
REPEATER
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at
a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so
that the signal can cover longer distances: Network repeaters regenerate incomi
ng electrical, wireless or optical signals. With physical media like Ethernet or
Wi-Fi, data transmissions can only span a limited distance before the quality o
f the signal degrades. Repeaters attempt to preserve signal integrity and extend
the distance over which data can safely travel.
Actual network devices that serve as repeaters usually have some other name. Act
ive hubs, for example, are repeaters. Active hubs are sometimes also called "mul
tiport repeaters," but more commonly they are just "hubs." Other types of "passi
ve hubs" are not repeaters. In Wi-Fi, access points function as repeaters only w
hen operating in so-called "repeater mode."
Higher-level devices in the OSI model like switches and routers generally do not
incorporate the functions of a repeater. All repeaters are technically OSI phys
ical layer devices

switches--A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that

connects network segments.
The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and routes data at t
he data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally proces
s data at the network layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3
switches or multilayer switches.
The term network switch does not generally encompass unintelligent or passive ne
twork devices such as hubs and repeaters.

tcp protocol==TCP is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. T
CP is one of the two original components of the suite, complementing the Interne
t Protocol (IP), and therefore the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/I
P. TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery of a stream of bytes from a program o
n one computer to another program on another computer. TCP is the protocol that
major Internet applications rely on, applications such as the World Wide Web, e-
mail, and file transfer. Other applications, which do not require reliable data
stream service, may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which provides a datagr
am service that emphasizes reduced latency over reliable deliverability. TCP pro
vides a point-to-point channel for applications that require reliable communicat
ions. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and T
elnet are all examples of applications that require a reliable communication cha
nnel.