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A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service

Program : Consists of related projects

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© People

© Process

© Product

© Technology

 
 
  

  

    c
÷c atching people to tasks
÷c Career development
÷c ¦alance: individual and team
÷c Clear communication
÷c ½oisy, crowded offices
 ÷c Customer-Developer friction
÷c Vnrealistic expectations
÷c Politics over substance
÷c mishful thinking
÷c ack of effective project sponsorship
÷c ack of stakeholder buy-in
÷c ack of user input

  

÷c 6ptimistic schedules
÷c Mnsufficient risk management
÷c Contractor failure
÷c Mnsufficient planning
÷c Abandonment of plan under pressure
÷c Shortchanged upstream activities
÷c Mnadequate design
÷c Shortchanged quality assurance

 


© Requirements gold-plating

ʹ Gilding the lily

© Feature creep

© Developer gold-plating

ʹ ¦eware the pet project

© Push-me, pull-me negotiation

© Research-oriented development

  

© Silver-bullet syndrome

© 6verestimated savings from new tools and methods

ʹ Fad warning

© Switching tools in mid-project

© ack of automated source-code control

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© All projects are divided into phases

© All phases together are known as the Project ife Cycle

 
   

ʹ Executive support

ʹ Vser involvement

ʹ Experienced project manager

ʹ Clear business objectives

ʹ inimized scope

ʹ Standard software infrastructure

ʹ Firm basic requirements

ʹ Formal methodology

ʹ Reliable estimates


 

6ne categorization: whether project addresses

ʹ a problem

ʹ an opportunity

ʹ a directive

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© To reduce both fixed and recurrent costs

© To allow the client organization to focus on its core business

© To access skills and technologies

© To provide flexibility

© To increase accountability

 
  


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© Fixed price or lump sum: involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service

© Cost reimbursable: involve payment to the seller for direct and indirect costs

© Time and material contracts: hybrid of both fixed price and cost reimbursable, often used by

consultants

© Vnit price contracts: require the buyer to pay the seller a predetermined amount per unit of service

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   A description of the work required for the project

 # A high-level project description: ʹ ¦usiness need, product, assumptions(Precedes
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M 
 : A SYSTE THAT PR6
MDES THE M½F6RATM6½ ½EEDED T6 ACC6PMSH THE
6RGA½MATM6½S TASKS

A good system :

÷c Vseful and Vsable ʹ makes peoples lives easier

© Reliable ʹ have few bugs

© Flexible ʹ Possible to make changes as users needs change over time

© Affordable ʹ to buy and to maintain

© Available

ʹ Run on available hardware and operating system

© Sufficiently portable

ʹ ust complete successfully and deliver the software promised

 %
 
is the process of creating or modifying an information system to meet
the needs and goals of the given business system

& %
: understanding and specifying in detail what an information system should do

&  
: specifying in detail how the parts of an information system should be implemented

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ʹ The complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed
and maintained.

   Plan, Analyze, Design, Mmplement, aintain ( materfall ehtodology , ½o maintain

Rapid Application Development odel : Mncremental software development method.

Planning,Analysis .. And then parallel design/Mmplementation


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