THE EFFECTS OF DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE

4TH YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF BRENT HOSPITAL AND

COLLEGES INCORPORATED SCHOOL YEAR 2010 – 2011

Research Proposal

Presented to

Dante M, Dumdum M.A.

Brent Hospital Colleges Incorporated

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Requirements

in

English 2

By

HOH, SHEAMALEN YENNY H.

JORQUIA JENRA A.

LICERALDE ANDREA H.

APRIL 1, 2011
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT

II------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

a) Introduction

b) Statement of Problem

c) Statement of Sub-Problem

d) Purpose of the Study

e) Significance of the Study

f) Statement of Hypothesis

g) Scope and Delimitation

III ---------------------------------------CHAPTER II

a) Review of Related Literature

IV-------------------------------------------------------------- DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

V ----------------------------------------------------------------BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ABSTRACT

This study will be conducted to know and determine the effects of drinking

alcoholic beverages of the 4th Year Nursing students of Brent Hospital Colleges

Incorporated, Zamboanga City. Specifically the study sought to answer the three

questions in terms of human health, social and economic effects. Two null hypotheses

were tested.

The respondents of the study are the 4th year enrolled Nursing Students of Brent

Hospital Colleges Incorporated, Zamboanga City.

The data used in this study were taken from the scientific consensus report

produced in 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO).

 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

The researchers select this type of studies considering we’re the Medical students of

Brent Hospital Colleges Incorporated. This is very serious and extensive studies about

alcohol beverages even the other country especially in the U.S. the Federal government

are very strict on selling of this kind for liquors were minors are not allowed to sell by the

establishment. No store or any establishment to retail nearby school vicinity. Knowing

that this has a negative impact on the part of the consumers.

Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. It has been part of human civilization for

thousands of years, and while it is linked with connotations of pleasure and sociability in

the minds of many, its use also has harmful consequences.

About 2 billion people across the world consume alcoholic drinks. Alcohol consumption

can harm health as well as social relations, but the nature and the severity of the effects

depend on both the amount of alcohol consumed over time, and the pattern of drinking.

Possible injuries, alcohol dependence, and chronic diseases can lead to losses in quality

of life and to premature deaths. Around 76 million currently have alcohol use disorders,

such as excessive drinking and alcohol dependence (World Health Organization).

 This study is being proposed to assess the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages

in the 4th year nursing students of Brent school year 2010 – 2011

With foregoing impressions of the writer, this study hopes to further authenticate

existing theories and generalization on the subject.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The study will make a quality research in order to determine and find out the

findings of the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages of the 4thyear nursing students of

Brent Hospital Colleges Incorporated, Zamboanga City

Specifically, the study sought answer to the following questions:

1 How does the alcoholic beverages affect to the nursing student when they will take it?

2 What is the effect that the baby can acquire when pregnant women drink alcoholic

beverages?

3 What is the side effect of alcoholic beverages to pregnant women?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to know and determine and find out the exact effects

of drinking alcoholic beverages in the 4th Year Nursing student of Brent Hospital

Colleges Incorporated, Zamboanga City in term of human health, social and economic

effects.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The outcomes of this study are important to the following;

1. Policy Makers

The findings will be basis for policy intervention for the aide of legislation of

Brent Hospital and Colleges Incorporated to introduce a law that will regulate and control

the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages for the students, minors and others

with corresponding penalty thereof.

2. For Medical Students

The findings will be bases for reference or sources relevance to their field of study

as medical students.

.
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

The researchers postulated null hypothesis to wit;

There are no effects of drinking alcoholic beverages in the 4 th year nursing students of

Brent Hospital Colleges Incorporated, Zamboanga City.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study is being proposed to assess the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages

in the 4th year nursing students of Brent school year 2010 – 2011

This Study is limited since only descriptive survey research will be conducted to

10 or 10% of nursing student in Brent Hospital and Colleges Incorporated in Zamboanga

City, about the effect and the risk of lives of nursing student when they will take

alcoholic Beverages.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Dr. Sidney Cohen, a drug abuse expert, described alcohol as "the most dangerous

drug on earth". There are a variety of drinking patterns and the range of injury among

alcohol abusers is great. Some are mildly injured and can recover on their own with the

right tools and techniques. Others are critically injured and need hospitalization and

prolonged rehabilitation with custodian supervision. (http://www.nutramed.com/alcohol/)

We compare the heavy drinker with an injured person - the body is damaged and must

heal. The damage is done by the toxic effects of alcoholic beverages (AB), by nutrient

deficiencies and by other adverse effects of the wrong food such as food allergy. Heavy

drinkers tend to starve - they eat little or have limited, inferior food choices. They have

used up their nutrient stores and are often drawing on their own tissues for fuel.
 This chapter presents a resume of the review of related literature and studies that

have been relevance to the presence studies

The health effects of alcohol consumption

Alcohol can cause physical, mental and social effects, which are determined by both the

amount of alcohol consumed and the pattern of drinking.

4.1 A series of diseases are entirely caused by alcohol, such as alcohol dependence and

alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption also clearly increases the risk of some

cancers (including lip, tongue, throat, oesophagus, liver, and breast cancer). Depending

on the drinking pattern, alcohol can have a damaging or a protective role in the

development of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

4.2 The fetus is at risk when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy. Effects

range from slow growth to birth defects and mental retardation. Maternal drinking can

also cause spontaneous abortion or premature birth.

4.3 In comparison with those who do not drink alcohol at all, low to moderate alcohol

consumption can have some health benefits, particularly when combined with meals. It

may reduce the risk of a common type of stroke, coronary heart diseases, as well as

sometypes of diabetes. However, higher levels of alcohol consumption may actually

increase the risks of developing these conditions.

4.4 Individuals often suffer from alcohol problems in combination with depression and

alcohol can play a role in causing depression. The higher the amount consumed, the

greater the number of symptoms of depression. However, these symptoms tend to

decrease or disappear during alcohol abstinence.

4.5 Alcohol increases the risks of physical injury mainly from road accidents, but also

from falls, fires, violence, etc. The risk of traffic accidents increases with the level of

alcohol in the blood, even at relatively low levels. Alcohol consumption increases the

likelihood of aggressive behaviour, impairs the drinkers’ ability to think and makes them

more prone to emotional responses (http://www.greenfacts.org/ Copyright © GreenFacts

page 3/5)

4.6 Overall, more life years are lost due to alcohol than “saved” through its beneficial

health effects on the heart and blood vessels (when consumed moderately). In developed

countries alcohol is the third most important risk factor for disease only exceeded by

tobacco and high blood pressure. In developing countries with high mortality rates other

risk factors such as under nutrition and unsafe sex are more important.
The Negative Effects of alcohol abuse include

Water loss:  There is rapid water loss (diuresis) within the first several hours of AB

ingestion due to decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, a pituitary peptide.

Electrolyte Depletion:  Depletion of tissue magnesium (the serum magnesium level may

not be reduced). Replacement of magnesium deficits is a recognized part of treatment of

post-intoxication states. Hypocalcemia may also result from magnesium depletion by

reducing parathyroid hormone-induced mobilization of calcium from bone. Reduced

serum phosphate may lead to muscle weakness and degeneration.

Vitamin Deficiency: Folate deficiency occurs in the majority of binge-drinking

alcoholics and is a common cause of anemia. Inadequate dietary intake, intestinal

malabsorption, and impaired folate storage in the liver all contribute to folate deficiency.

Alcohol ingestion also interferes with vitamin B12 absorption. Deficiencies of the two

vitamins cause large-cell (megaloblastic) anemia.

Thiamine deficiency may occur in long-term alcohol users as a consequence of both

inadequate ingestion and malabsorption of the vitamin. With severe deficiency, major

brain disturbance or alcoholic psychosis emerges (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). The

brain dysfunction is global, with disordered thinking, feeling, remembering, and

disturbed motor coordination. Thiamine replacement corrects the grosser dysfunctions of

the brain and it has been proposed that alcoholic beverages be fortified with thiamine as a

means of preventing this syndrome.

Pyridoxine: (B6) metabolism is disturbed by the process of alcohol oxidation,

contributing to anemia. Pellagra, or niacin deficiency, is common in chronic alcoholics.

Pellagra is recognized by the three D's: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, and Dementia.

Vitamin A storage is commonly decreased in alcohol-induced liver disease. With ABAB,

protein-calorie malnutrition often occurs. Liver disease may lead to low blood protein

and decreased serum levels of branched-chain amino acids.

Micronutrient Deficiency: Trace element metabolism may be disordered with regular

AB input. Alcohol may increase the urinary loss of zinc and the gastrointestinal

absorption of iron. Zinc deficiency aggravates vitamin A deficiency, since zinc is needed

in the transformation of vitamin A into its active form. Contamination of beer with

arsenic or cobalt has caused death from heart failure.

Liver damage is the best known result of alcohol abuse. The liver will swell with acute

intoxication, sometimes painfully, and will show fatty infiltration and enlargement if AB

ingestion continues regularly. With excessive AB over many years, the ravaged liver

becomes scarred, shrunken, and relatively non-functional. This end-stage cirrhosis is

associated with the yellow, demented alcoholic, belly swollen with water (ascites).

Pancreatitis is a consequence of alcoholism. Alcohol stimulates pancreatic secretion.

Malnutrition with deficiencies of protein and vitamins contributes to chronic pancreatic

dysfunction. Impairment of pancreatic enzyme production spoils digestion and

contributes to malabsorption of nutrients. Decreased insulin production may cause or

aggravate diabetes (www.nutramed.com/alcohol/).

Alcoholic beverages contribute to malnutrition by replacing foods needed for essential

nutrients and by interfering with absorption, storage or metabolism of the essential

nutrients. Ethanol may suppress appetite and consumption of food. In some individuals,

however, AB's trigger excessive eating instead. Food choices follow an addictive pattern,

with nutrient deficiencies based on poor food choices. Bowel distension and diarrhea are

common GIT effects and are correlated with increased brain disturbances. The increased

absorption of undigested proteins sets the stage for all the food "allergic" diseases.

Social and economic problems are linked to alcohol use

The social and economic problems of alcohol use not only affect those who drink but also

those around them, and society as a whole.

1.1 In the school environment alcohol can lead to absences, work accidents, and lower

performance, which, in turn, may lead to dropouts.

1.2 Drinking can impair how a person performs as a parent or partner. Drinking can lead

a person to be violent, to spend more time away from home, to leave other family

members destitute, or to cause them anxiety, fear and depression. Parental drinking, both

during pregnancy and after birth, can have lasting physical or psychological effects on

children.
1.3 The economic consequences of alcohol consumption can be severe, particularly for

the poor. This is not only due to the amount spent on drinks, but also to lost wages, and

to medical and other expenses.

1.4 Violence between husbands and wives often occurs in situations when one or both

partners have been drinking. Heavy drinking has been strongly linked to violence

between partners and to a lesser extent to violence towards others, possibly because

proximity increases the opportunities for violence. However, further data is needed to

clarify the complex role of alcohol in such incidents.

1.5 Alcohol consumption imposes economic and social costs on society as a whole.

Estimating these costs is often difficult, but it can help improve policies aiming to reduce

harm from alcohol. The few national estimates that have been made so far indicate the

significant cost of alcohol use to society.

 DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

To understand better the results of the study, some terms are

operationally defined;

Status refers to the relative position or standing of somebody or something in a society or

other group.

Pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas; usually marked by abdominal pain

Diseases An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its organs, interrupting or

disturbing the performance of the vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and

weakness; malady; affection; illness; sickness; disorder; -- applied figuratively to the

mind, to the moral character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc.

Effects anything brought about by a cause or agent; result

Alcoholic Someone who drinks a lot everyday. Binge drinkers get home at night and

pound a 6 pack or more Maintenance drinkers drink all day long Shit faced drunks are

always plastered There are many versions of an alcoholic.

Policy Makers refers to individuals (usually members of the board of directors) who

have the authority to set the policy framework of an organization.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Website:

Susan Barlow in collaboration with the Green Facts editorial team. 2004, How many

people are affected by alcohol? http://www.greenfacts.org/

Stephen Gislason MD, Alcohol Problems and Solutions 1984 - 1995

http://www.nutramed.com/alcohol/