Professional Documents
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Price $ Frequency
1.00 – 1.04 4
1.05 – 1.09 6
1.10 – 1.14 10
1.15 – 1.19 15
1.20 – 1.24 8
1.25 – 1.29 5
Answer :
48 1.000
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FREQUENCY
RELATIVE
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CUMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
2.27 Table 2.30 gives the frequency distribution of family incomes for a sample of 100 families in a
city. Graph the data inbto a histogram, a relative frequency histogram, a relative poligon, and
an ogive.
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100 1
FREQUENCY
RELATIVE
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CUMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
FAMILY
INCOME
2.28 Find the (a) mean (b) the median (c) the mode for the grouped data in Table 2.29
Answer :
48 1.000
a) Mean =
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b) Median
c)
Mode
Mode
2.29 Find (a) the mean (b) the median (c) the mode for the frequency distribution of income in Table
2.30
100 1
a) Mean
Median =
c) Mode
Mode
2.30 Find the mean for the grouped data in (a) table 2.29 (b) table 2.30 by coding
Answer :
a) Mean =
b) Mean
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2.31 A firm pays 5/12 labor force en hourly wage of $ 5,1/3 of the labor force a wage of $ 6, and ¼ a
wage of $ 7. What is the weighted average paid by this firm?
Answer :
5/12 from total paid of labor force = $ 5 / hour
1/3 from total paid of labor force = $ 6 / hour
¼ from total paid of labor force = $ 7 / hour
2.32 For tha same amounts of capital invested in each of 3 years, an investor earned a rate of return of
1% during the first year, 4 % during the 2nd year, and 16% during the 3rd (a) First (b) Find
a)
b)
c)
2.33 A plane traveled 200 mi at 600 mi/h and 100 mi/h and 500 mi/h. What was the its average speed?
Answer :
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t total =
2.34 A driver purchases $ 10 worth of gasoline at $ 0.90 per gallon and $ 10 at 1.10 a gallon. What is
the average price per gallon?
2.35 For the grouped data of the table 2.29 find (a) the first quartile (b) the 2nd quartile (c) the 3rd
quartile (d) the 4th decile, and (e) the 7th percentile.
Answer :
From the table 2.29 :
48 1.000
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.36 For the grouped in table 2.30, find (a) the first quartile (c) the 3rd quartile (d) the 6th percentile.
Answer :
From table 2.30
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Family Income Frequency Mid point Relative Cumulative
Frequency Frequency
100 1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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2.37 What is the range of the distribution of (a) gasoline prices in the table 2.29 and (b) family income in
the table 2.30?
Answer :
(a) From the table 2.29 Range = 1,29 – 1,00 = $ 0,29
(b) From the table 2.30 Range = 29.999 – 10.000 = $ 20.000
2.38 Find the interquartile range and quartile deviation for the data in (a) table 2.29 (b) table 2.30.
Answer :
(a) From the table 2.29
2.39 Find the average deviation for the data in (a) table 2.29 (b) table 2.30.
Answer :
(a) From the table 2.29
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= 0, 05
= $ 3.520
2.40 Find the (a) the variance and (b) the standard deviation for the frequency distribution of gasoline
prices in table 2.29
Answer :
2.41 Find the (a) variance and (b) standard deviation for the standard deviation of family income in table
2.30
Answer:
2.42 Using the casier computational formulas, find (a) the variance (b) the standard deviation for the
distribution of gasoline price in the table 2.29
Answer:
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2.43 Using the casier computational formulas, find (a) the variance (b) the standard deviation for the
distribution of gasoline price in the table 2.30
2.44 Find the convience of variations for the data in table (a) 2.29 and (b) the data in table 2.30 (c) which
data have the greater dispersion.
Answer :
(a) From the table in 2.29
Coefisien of variance
Coefisien of variance
(c) The largest distribution from the table 2.30 because 0,261 > 0,060
2.45 Find the pearson coefficient of skewness for the data in (a) table 2.29 (b) table in 2.30
Answer :
a)
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= - 0,43
2.46 Find the coefisien of skewness using the formula based on the 3rd moment on the data in (a) table
in 2.29 and (b) table 2.30
2.47 For covariance (a) in what range should the covariance for directly related data file (b) for inversly
related data? (c) For unrelated data
2.48 Find the coefisien of the kurtosis for the data in (a) table 2.29 and (b) table in 2.30
3.49 What is the probability of getting (a) Four on more on single toss of a fair die? (b) Are king on single
pick from a well – shuffled standard of cards? (c) A green or white balls from the urn of Prob 3.45?
Answer :
a) Probability get 4 or more on a single toss of fair die
P=3/6=1/2 1 2 3 4 5 6
b) Probability of AS cards and king cards on a single pick in 1 set standard card
P = 4/52 + 4/52 =8/52
c) An urn with ball
blue (b) = 4 red (r) = 3 green (g) =3 white (w) = 2
Probability get 1 white ball or 1 green ball
3.50 What is the probability of getting (a) a diamond or a queen on a single pick from a deck of cards? (b)
a diamond, a queen, or a king? (c) an African – American of a woman is 0.15, and of an African –
American women is 0.07?
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Answer :
(a) The probability of getting diamond or queen on single pick 1 set cards :
13/52 + 4/52 = 17/52
(b) a diamond, a queen, or a king
13/52 + 4/52 + 4/52 = 21/52
(c)
3.51 What is the probability of (a) Two ones in 2 rolls of a die? (b) 3 tails in 3 flips in coin? (c) a total of 6
in rolling to diee simultaneously? (d) total of less than 5 in rolling 2 diee simultaneously (e) A total
of 10 or more in rolling 2 die simultaneously?
Answer :
(a) Probability two ones in 2 rolls of a die
= (1,1) = 1/36
(b) Probability 3 tails in 3 flips in coin
p=½ q =1/2 n=3
P = (x│n, p) = =
3.52 What is the probability of obtaining the following from a deck of cards (a) a diamond on the 2nd pick
when the 1st card pocket and not replaced wash a diamond? (b) a diamond on the 2nd pick when
the 1st card picked and not replaced wasn’t a diamond? (c) a king on the 3rd pick when a queen
and a jack were already obtained on the 1st and 2nd pick and not replaced?
Answer :
a) a diamond on the 2nd pick when the 1st card pocket and not replaced wash a diamond?
(13 -1) / (52 – 1) = 12 : 51 = 4/17
b) a diamond on the 2nd pick when the 1st card picked and not replaced wasn’t a diamond?
P = 13 : (52 – 1) = 13/51
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(c) a king on the 3rd pick when a queen and a jack were already obtained on the 1st and 2nd pick
and not replaced?
P = 4: (52-1-1) = 4/50 = 2: 25
3.53 What is the probability of pocking (a) the king of the clubs and a diamond in that order in 2 picks from
a deck without replacement? (b) A white and green ball in that order in 2 picks without replacement
from the urn of prob 3.45? (c) A green ball and a white ball in that order in 2 picks without
replacement from the urn of pronb 3.45? (d) a green and a white ball in that order in 2 picks without
replacement from the same urn? (e) 3 green balls from 3 picks without replacement from the urn?
(a) the king of the clubs and a diamond in that order in 2 picks from a deck without replacement?
P = 1/52 . 13/51 = 13/26252
(b) A white and green ball in that order in 2 picks without replacement from the urn of prob 3.45?
Answer :
(c) A green ball and a white ball in that order in 2 picks without replacement from the urn of prob
3.45?
P = 1/22
(d) a green and a white ball in that order in 2 picks without replacement from the same urn?
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(e) 3 green balls from 3 picks without replacement from the urn?
3/12 . 2/11 . 1/10 = 1/220
3.54 Suppose that the probability of rain on a given day is 0.1 and my probability of my having a car
accident is 0.005 on any day and 0.012 on a rainy day (a) what rule should i use to calculate the
probability that on a given day it will rain and i will have a car accident (b) state the rule asked for in
part a letting signify accident and R signfy rain. (b) Calculate the probability asked for in part a
3.55 (a) What rule of theorem should i use to calculate for statement in prob 3.54 the probability that is
was raining when i had a car accident? (b) State the rule of theorem applicable to part a (c) Answer
question in part c
3.56 In how many different ways can 6 qualified individuals be assigned to (a) 3 trainee position availabel
if the position are identical (b) 3 trainee position eventualy if the position differ? (c) Sixth trainee
position availabel if the position differ?
Answer :
(a) 3 trainee position availabel if the position are identical
100 0.2
110 0.3
118 0.2
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120 0.2
125 0.1
1.0
Answer :
Variance
3.58 What is probability of (a) Getting exacly 4 heads and 2 tails in 6 losses of a balanced coin? (b)
Getting in 3 sixes in 4 rolls of a fair die?
Answer :
(a) Getting exacly 4 heads and 2 tails in 6 losses of a balanced coin?
n=6 p=½ q=½
P (x = 4) =
3.59 (a) If 20% of the students entering college drop out before recerving their diplomas, find the
probability that out of 20 students picked at random from the very large number of students
entering college. Less than 3 drop out 19%. (b) If 90% of the bulbs produced in a plant are
acceptable, what is the probability that out of 10 bulbs picked at random from the very large output
of the plant, 8 are acceptable?
Answer :
p = 0, 20 q = 0,80 n = 20
(a) P (x /20 ; 0,20)
P (x < 3)
P ( x = 0) = 0,0115
P (x = 1) = 0,0576
P (x = 2) = 0,1369
(b) P = 0, 9 n = 10 x=8 q = 0, 1
P=
3.60 Calculate the expected value and standard deviation and determind the symmetry or asymmetry of
the probability distribution of (a) Prob. 3.58(a), (b) Prob. 3.59, and (c) Prob. 3.59
Answer :
(a) n = 6 p=½ q=½
E (x) = n.p = 6.1/2 = 3
(b) p = 0, 20 q = 0,80 n = 20
E (x) = n.p = 20 . 0,20 = 4
(c) p = 0, 9 n = 10 x=8 q = 0, 1
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E (x) = n.p = 0,9 . 10 = 9
3.61 What is the probability of picking (a) Two a women in a sample of 5 drawn at random and without
replacement from a group of a people, 4 of a whom are women? (b) Eight men in a sample of 10
drawn at random and without replacement from a population of 1000, half of which are men.
Answer :
(a)
(b)
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3.63 Past experience shows that of the national labor force get seriously ill during a year. If 1000 persons
are randomly selected from a national labor force. (a) What is the expected number of workers that
will get seck during a year? (b) What is the probability that 5 workers will get sick during the year?
Answer :
P = 0, 003 n = 1000
(a) E (x) = n.p = 0,003 . 1000 = 3
(b)
For x = 5 P = 0,100819
CONTINUOS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
3.64 Give the formulas (a) The probability that continous variable X falls between and (b) the
normal distribution, (c) the expected value and variance of the normal distribution, and (d) the
standard normal distribution , (e) what is the mean and variance of the standard normal
distribution?
3.65 Find the area under the standard normal curve (a) within z ± 1.64, (b) within z - ± 1.96, (c) within z =
±2.58 (d) between z =0.90 and z 2.10. (e) to left of z =0.90 (f) to the right of the z = 2.10 (g) to the
left of z = 0.90 and to the right of z = 2.10.
Answer :
(a) within z ± 1.64
= 2 . 0,4495 = 0,899
(b) within z - ± 1.96
= 2 . 0,4750 = 0,95
(c) within z = ±2.58
= 2 . 0,4951 = 0,9902
(d) between z =0.90 and z 2.10
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(f) to the right of the z = 2.10
z ≥ 2,10 = 0,5 – 0,4821= 0,0179
(g) to the left of z = 0.90 and to the right of z = 2.10
3.66 A random variable is normally distributed with 67 and dan . What is the probability that
this random variable will assume a value (a) Between 67 anf 70? (b) Between 60 and 70? (c)
Between 60 and 65? (d) Below 60? (e) Above 65?
Answer :
(a)
= 0,3413 34,13
P=
= 0,4901 – 0, 2486
= 0, 2415
(d) x < 60 = z < -2,33 p = 0,5 – 0,4901 = 0,0099
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3.67 The mean weight of a large group of people is 180 lb and the standard deviation is 15 lb. If the
weight are normally distributed, find the probability tahat a person picked at ramdom from the group
will weight (a) between 160 and 180 lb (b) above 200 lb (c) below 150 lb.
Answer :
(a)
z < -2
3.68 The IQs of army volunteers in a given year are normally distributed with and . The
army wants to give advanced training to the 25% of those recruits with the highest score. What is
the lowest IQ score acceptable for the advenced training?
Answer :
P = 2540
z=
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3.69 Past experience indicates that 60% of the students entering colege get their degrees. Using (a) the
binomial distribution (b) the normal approximiation to the binomial, find the probability that out of 30
students picked at random from mthe entering class, more than 20 will receive their degrees?
Answer :
P = 0,60 q = 0,40 n = 30
b (x│30 ; 0,60)
p (x > 20)
p=
p (x = 21) = = 0,0823
p (x = 22) = = 0,0505
p (x = 23) = = 0,0263
p (x = 24) = = 0,0115
p (x = 25) = = 0,0041
p (x = 26) = = 0,0012
p (x = 27) = = 0,0003
p (x = 28) = = 0,00004
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p (x = 29) = =0
p (x = 30) = =0
(b)
3.71 A manufacturing process produces on the average two defective items per hour. What is the
probability that after a defective item : (a) One hour will pass before the next defective item/ (b)
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One half hour will pass? (c) Fifteen minute will pass? (d) What is expected value and standard
deviation of this distribution?
3.72 If the student has a grade point average 3 standard deviations above the mean in her school, what
propotion of the other students in the school have? (a) A higher grade point average? (b) A lower
grade point average?
3.73 According to Chebyshev,s theoren, at least what proportion of the observation fall within standard
deviation from the mean. (b) 2.5 standard deviation from the mean?
(a) By taking all possible different samples of size from the population and then finding the
(b) By (hypothetically) taking an infinite number of samples of size from the infinite population
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(a)
(b)
the sample sizes for limit populations of sizes N where n > 0,05 N
4.33 For a population of 1000 items .What is the mean and standard error of
theoritical sampling distribution of the mean for sample sizes of (a) 25 and (b) 81?
Answer :
(a) n = 25
(b) n = 81
4.34 What is the shape of the theoritical sampling distribution of the mean for samples of (a) 10 if the
parent population is normal ? (b) 50 if the parent population is not normal ?
(c) on what was the answer to part b based?
Answer :
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(a) Normal
(b) Approximately normal
(c) The central-limit theorem
4.35 What is the statistic for (a) random variable x ? (b) the theoritical sampling distribution of x ?
Answer :
(a) z = (X –
(b) ) z = ( –
4.36 What is the probability of x lying between 49 and 50 for a random sample of 36 from a population
with
Answer :
n = 36
N = 2000
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4.38 What unbiased point estimators of
Answer :
4.39 Using the standardined normal distribution, state for the 90%, (b) 95%, and (c) the 99%
confidence intervals
Answer :
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.40 A random sample of 144 with a mean 0f 300 and a standard deviation of 100 is taken from a
population of 5000. Find an interval estimate for such that we are 90% confidence that the
interval includes
n = 144
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90% confidence
Z – 0,05 <
4.41 For prob. 4.40, find (a) the 95%, and (b) 99%, confidence intervals. (c) What do the answer to
parts a and b indicate?
Answer :
From the question in 4.40
(x-300)
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(x-300)
(c) the greater is the degree of confident the larger is the confident interval
4.42 A random sample of 400 is taken out of the more than 100.000 army recruits in a particular year.
The average weight for the sample of army recruits is 170 lb, and the standard deviation of the
entire population of army recruits is 40 lb. Find the 90% confidence interval for the mean weight
of the population of army recruits.
Answer :
n = 400 N = 100000
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(x-170)
4.43 A firm wishes to estimate the mean number of operating hours of a particular type of lightbulb
within 10 operating hours (plus or minus) and with 95% confidence. On the basis of previous
knowledge with this type of lightbulb, the firm knows How large a sample would the
firm take?
Answer :
< Z 0,025
n = 34, 57
4.44 (a) Write down the expression for n to solve Prob. 4.43 (b) What is the sizes of the total
confidence interval in Prob 4.43? (c) What would have Irappened in Prob.4.43 if n < 30?
Answer :
(a)
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(c) If n < 30 would have hed tobe increased to 30 justofy the use of the normal distribution.
4.45 For the binominal distribution, write the formula for (a) (b) and when n < 0,05 N ,
Answer :
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.46 For a random sample of 36 graduated student in economics in a graduate economics program
with 880 students, 8 students have an under graduate degree in mathemathics. Find the
proportion of all graduate studebt at this university which an undergraduate major in mathematics
at the 90% confident level.
Answer :
n = 36 N = 880 90% confident
n > 30
P=
P = 0,22 ± 0,11
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4.47 A manufacturer of lightbulls wants to estimate the proportion of the eefective lightbulls within ± 0,1
with a 95% degree of confident what is the minimum sample size required if previous experience
indicates that the proportion of the defective lightbulls produceed is 0,2
Answer :
P-
Z 0,025
1,96
n = 61,46
4.48 (a) Write down the expressions for n to solve Prob 4.47 (b) How could we still have solved Prob
4.47 if the manufacturer didn’t know that p = 0,21
Answer :
Z 0,025
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(c) 1,96
n = 96,07
4.49 Find the t value for 29 df for the following areas falling within the right tail of the z distribution (a)
10% (b) 5% (c) 2,5% (d) 0,05%
Answer :
df = 29
t 0,05 ; 29 = 1,699
t 0,025 ; 29 = 2,045
t 0,005 ; 29 = 2,756
4.51 A random sample of n – 16 which x – 50 and x – 10 is taken from a very large population that is
normally distributed (a) Find the 95% confident interval for the known population mean (b) How
Answer :
n = 16 s = 10
44,67 <
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4.52 On particular test for a very large statistic class, random sample of n = 4 student has a mean
grade x = 75 and s = 8. The grades for the entire class a are known to be normally distributed.
For the unknown population mean, find (a) the 95% confidence interval and (b) the 99%
confidence interval
Answer :
n=4
75 – 3,182 .
62,67
75 – 5,841 .
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