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2 Composite Bearings Long-wearing, maintenance-free bearing material for high-load applications
CJ composites are ideal for non-lubricated, high-load applications in a variety of climates and operating
environments, exhibit a high load capacity similar to bronze, powdered metal and steel, and provide longer
wear and extended operating life without the costs associated with lubrication. CJ composites are available
with thick walls for drop in replacement of steel and bronze bearings. CJ composites also don’t rust like metal
components, so you can use them in environments where traditional metals corrode and fail. You’ll find TriStar
bearing materials in heavy-duty agricultural, automotive, construction, industrial, marine, railway, and material
handling equipment.
CJ composites possess a modulus of elasticity that falls between rigid metals and soft plastics. CJ
components are rigid enough to support heavy loads, yet compliant enough to tolerate moderate amounts of
shaft misalignment without highly stressing the ends. The composite wall acts like a spring and the thicker the
wall section of the bearing the greater the deflection for a given load. Thick wall bearings tolerate greater shaft
Features Benefits
Dimensionally stable in fluids (water, Absorption rates are negligible, providing near
corrosive liquids, and chemical solutions) zero swell.
Flexible material design Suitable for press fit, freeze fit, epoxy bonding,
as well as conventional mechanical retention.
Typical Specifications
Recommended Operating Limits and Engineering Information
Properties CJ FCJ
Lubrication No No
FCJ bearings are the ideal choice for combination • Electrical insulation.
TIME
6 Composite Bearings
General Description
The CJ composite bearing is a multi-layer rather than the shaft clearance. As load is
structure. The inner-most layer consists of applied, the wear surface will conform to
Figure B
Wear vs. Surface Finish a synthetic fiber/PTFE layer. The second layer the shaft assuring a large contact area. In
9
consists of epoxy-coated high-angle glass contrast, the contact area of metal bearings
WEAR FOR RMS ›16 filaments. The outer-most layer consists of decreases sharply as shaft clearances
7 WEAR RATIO =
WEAR RATIO
60
(413.7)
used to make a bearing, this material allows some synthetic fiber that clings tenaciously
ET
TS
50
(344.7) the selection of fiber angles to provide to the metal surface, and acts as a lubricant
NEN
N
IO
MA
40
(275.8) CT optimum strength and rigidity. The resulting between the shaft and the bearing.
LE
PER
F
30 DE
(206.8) structure has a modulus of elasticity of The equilibrium wear rate depends on a
20
(137.9) approximately 2 x 106 psi (13.79 GPa) placing number of factors including loads, speeds,
10
(68.9)
it in an intermediate area between rigid shaft hardness, and shaft surface finish.
.004 .008 .012 .016
metals and soft plastic. It is rigid enough to Under laboratory conditions, radial wear is
(0.1) (0.2) (0.3) (0.4)
support heavy loads, and at the same time approximately proportional to both sliding
INCHES (mm)
compliant enough to tolerate moderate distance and load. The wear rate is often
amounts of shaft misalignment without reported as a factor K. This relationship can
highly stressing the bearing corners. The be expressed as follows:
composite wall acts like a spring and the
Figure D W = KPVT
Coefficient of Friction vs. Load thicker the wall section of the bearing the
W = Radial wear in inches
greater the deflection for a given load
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
K = Wear factor
.20 (See Figure C). This allows thick wall
P = Load in psi
.15 TEMPERATURE 70°F (21°C) bearings to tolerate greater shaft
V = Sliding velocity (ft/min)
.10
misalignment. The wear surface will support
T = Time in hours
the shaft primarily as a function of the load
.05
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
(13.8) (27.6) (41.4) (55.2) (68.9) (62.7) (96.5)
LOAD, PSI x 103 (MPa)
Composite Bearings
TriStar Plastics Corp. tstar.com 800-874-7827 Your partner in plastics technologies
The following table shows the actual .030" (.64mm - .76mm) wear. Surface finish Length to diameter ratio is also an impor-
measured wear factor for a number of condi- affects wear rate as shown in (See Figure B, tant design consideration. Test results from the
tions of oscillation and rotation. These values page 6) Field experience has shown that hard laboratory and the field have shown that the
were obtained using Rc 50 shafts with a sur- chrome plating gives excellent wear optimum performance can be attained by spec-
face finish of 16 Ra(.4 µm). The wear factor performance and protects the shaft from ifying a length to inside diameter ratio (L/D)
would increase if the shaft material was soft- corrosion. Softer coatings such as cadmium ranging from .5 to 2. When the L/D ratio of less
er or the surface finish rougher. The perform- and zinc will not stand up in service and than .5 is used, it is possible to create highly
ance using the softer shafts was significantly quickly wear off. stressed areas at the corner of the bearing and
lower, especially at the higher load condition. cracking will occur at this location prematurely.
While performance is lower, it is adequate for Load Capacity If the L/D ratio is over 2, with any amount of
many less demanding applications. Normal application of load will cause a simple shaft misalignment, cross corner jamming will
elastic deflection of the CJ bearing along with occur and unit stresses can exceed the 15,000
Measured Wear Factors for
some permanent set. The set is primarily due psi (103 MPa) safe dynamic limit or the 35,000
CJ Composite Bearings
Type of P V K
to compaction of the synthetic fiber/PTFE liner. psi (241 MPa) static limit of the bearings.
Operation lbs/in2 ft/min in3xmin/lbxftxhr We do not typically recommend subjecting the Bearings built with the proper L/D ratio will
Oscillation 229 43.6 9.6 x 10-10 bearings to over 35,000 psi (241 MPa) load. In accept misalignment and shock load without
±25° 4,900 2.0 1.9 x 10-10
15,000 .73 2.0 x 10-9 common with other materials, fiberglass/epoxy premature failure.
Rotation 64 78.5 39.8 x 10-10 composites can undergo fatigue after repeated
64 157.0 24.9 x 10-10
256 39.3 14.9 x 10-10 application of stress. Fatigue has not been a Coefficient of Friction
512 39.3 12.4 x 10-10
limiting factor in the use of the CJ bearing. In The coefficient of friction of a synthetic
fact, laboratory tests have shown that in many fiber/PTFE lined composite journal bearing
Measured Wear Factors for
FCJ Composite Bearings
cases the bearing is more fatigue-resistant running against a hardened Rc 50 steel shaft
Type of P V K
than the shaft. Laboratory tests show that the with a 16 Ra (.4 µm) surface, or less, varies
Operation lbs/in2 ft/min in3xmin/lbxft x hr bearings fail by a gradual crushing action from .02 to .25 depending on the load, the
Oscillation 229 43.6 7.4 x 10-10 rather than a rapid catastrophic failure. This relative sliding velocity, and the bearing sur-
±25° 4,900 2.0 1.6 x 10-10
14,000 .73 5.52 x 10-10 is consistent with typical composite behavior face temperature. Generally, the coefficient
Rotation 64 78.5 33.1 x 10-10 in which stress is supported by many fibers. of friction decreases with increasing load (See
64 157.00 19.9 x 10-10
256 39.3 14.6 x 10-10 If one fiber breaks, the load is redistributed Figure D, page 6).
512 39.3 12.41 x 10-10
among the others. Breakage of the entire struc- This information indicates that if the lowest
ture will not occur until a large number of the coefficient of friction is desired, the smallest
Using wear factors, the radial wear of a CJ individual fibers are broken. CJ composite bearing capable of sustaining the load should
bearing can be estimated by calculating W bearings can easily withstand over 35,000 psi be used, and that the bearings are capable
and adding .001" (.025 mm) for break-in wear. (241 MPa) static load or 15,000 psi (103 MPa) of performing best under peak operating
The liner can sustain .015-.020" (.38 mm-.51 dynamic load with a great deal of reliability. conditions when temperatures and loads
mm) wear and still operate normally. Bearings In many cases, higher loading can be tolerated may be higher.
having an inside diameter of over 2-1/2" have if the design and conditions of service are dis-
a thicker liner capable of sustaining .025" to cussed fully with a TriStar bearing specialist.
8 Composite Bearings
0
in earth moving equipment, operates generally housing material, as long as the press fit is
0 .002 .004 .006 .008 .01 .012
in a state of boundary lubrication. Hydrocarbon maintained, and thus the elastic modulus of
DEFLECTION, INCHES
oils are advantageous and can produce tenfold the bearing is maintained, because the elastic
reductions in wear rates. Liquid lubricants can modulus of the bearing is lower than the
carry away heat and reduce the coefficient of elastic modulus of most metals.
friction. Greases can be used for lubrication, to The CJ composite is a thermal insulator and
prevent corrosion, and keep contamination out when heat is generated from running friction,
Figure F of the journal. In oscillating motion, the syn- the bearing wear surface may be hotter than
Coefficient of Friction vs. Load
thetic fiber/PTFE liner acts as a true boundary the adjacent housing due to the thermal lag.
for FCJ Bearing
.05
lubricant when the direction of motion changes Since the installed bearing cannot expand
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
and the lubrication film collapses. In rotation, outward, it grows inward, reducing the shaft
.04
with oil lubrication, the wear rate of the CJ clearance. For this reason, the shaft clearance
.03
composite has been found equal to sintered or should be increased for dry running applica-
.02 cast bronze bearings. Fluorocarbon oils and tions that have high running velocities.
.01 greases should be avoided because they have Naturally, fluid cooling and lubricants will
.00
been found to soften the synthetic fibers and reduce the operating temperatures. Heat
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
greatly increase the rate of wear. transfer through the bearing wall is propor-
LOAD, PSI x 103 (MPa)
It is possible to add lubrication holes to the tional to the wall thickness, and the thinner
CJ bearing, but grooves are impractical. The the composite wall, the greater the transfer
abrasion resistance of the synthetic fibers of heat.
makes groove fabrication difficult and costly.
Composite Bearings
TriStar Plastics Corp. tstar.com 800-874-7827 Your partner in plastics technologies
Arbor
1⁄32 - 1⁄16 x
Nominal shaft 45°
Diameter A size chame Diameter B
Composite Bearings
Standard Sizes for CJ Bearings
➜
L
XXX XX X XX – XX
All corners are broken to
➜
➜
permit proper installation.
INSIDE Diameter OUTSIDE Diameter
in 1⁄16" in 1⁄16" 11
Only braided and RULON F tape lined bearings are available as standard sizes listed in this catalog. Knitted liners and other RULON tapes are available as special orders.
This series is designed to replace SAE sized porous powdered metal bearings below 3" ID.
Standard Wall — 1⁄8"
*Length tolerance is +.005"/-.005" up to 2 1⁄2" I.D.; +.008"/-.007" on I.D. 2 1⁄2" and over. Sizes not listed above may be quoted upon request.
Standard Sizes for CJ Bearings continued A B
All corners are broken to
permit proper installation.
*Length tolerance is +.005"/-.005" up to 2 1⁄2" I.D.; +.008"/-.007" on I.D. 2 1⁄2" and over. Sizes not listed above may be quoted upon request.
Composite Bearings
All corners are broken to
A B
permit proper installation.
*Length tolerance is +.005"/-.005" up to 2 1⁄2" I.D.; +.008"/-.007" on I.D. 2 1⁄2" and over. Sizes not listed above may be quoted upon request.
Standard Sizes for CJ Bearings continued A B
All corners are broken to
permit proper installation.
*Length tolerance is +.005"/-.005" up to 2 1⁄2"I.D.; +.008"/-.007" on I.D. 2 1⁄2" and over. Sizes not listed above may be quoted upon request.
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All statements, technical information and recommendations contained in this publication are presented in good faith, based upon tests believed to be reliable and
practical field experience. The reader is cautioned, however, that TriStar Plastics Corp. cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information, and it is
the customer’s responsibility to determine the suitability of TriStar’s products in any given application.
Ultracomp® - Ultrasert® - TriSteelTM - are registered trademarks of TriStar Plastics Corp. ■ Rulon® - Meldin® are registered trademarks of Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation
Acetron - Ertalyte - Fluorosint - Nylatron - Techtron are registered trademarks of Quadrant AG ■ Hydlar® - Hydex® are registered trademarks of Ensinger ■ Delrin is a registered trademark of E.I. Dupont
Torlon® - Radel® are registered trademarks of Solvay Advanced Polymers
Ultem® - Noryl® are registered trademarks of GE Plastics ■ Celazole is a registered trademark of Celanese Acetate ■ Kynar is a registered trademark of Elf Atochem
Micarta is a registered trademark of ILNorplex