Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Page 1 of 1
January, 2000
[C] = (n by n) damping matrix. [U] t [M ][U] was formed, the resulting modal mass matrix
would equal an identity matrix. However, when the modal
2σ
[ ]
O data is obtained from experimental transfer function meas-
O
cO = = (m by m) modal damping ma- urements (FRFs), no mass matrix is available for scaling in
Aω O this way.
trix. Even without the mass matrix however, experimental mode
The modal damping of each mode (k) is a diagonal element shapes can still be scaled to unit modal masses by using the
of the modal damping matrix, relationship between residues and mode shapes.
Page 2 of 2
January, 2000
Page 3 of 3
January, 2000
[H v (s )] [H a (s )]
[H d (s )] = = (18) EXAMPLE OF UNIT MODAL MASS SCALING
s s2
Suppose that we have the following data for a single mode
where, of vibration,
[H d (s )] = transfer matrix in (displacement/force) units. Frequency = 10.0 Hz.
[H v (s )] = transfer matrix in (velocity/force) units. Damping = 1.0 %
[H a (s )] = transfer matrix in (acceleration/force) units. − 0.1
Residue Vector = + 2.0
Since residues are the result of a partial fraction expansion
+ 0.5
of a transfer function, residues can be "integrated" directly
as if they were obtained from an integrated transfer function
using the formula, Also, suppose that the measurements from which this data
was obtained have units of (Gs/Lbf). Also assume that the
driving point is at the second DOF of the structure. Hence
[rv (k )] [ra (k )]
[rd (k )] = = k=1 to m (19) the driving point residue = 2.0.
pk (p k ) 2
Converting the frequency and damping into units of radi-
where, ans/second,
[ra (k )] = residue matrix in (acceleration/force) units. The residues always carry the units of the transfer function
p k = − σ k + jω k = pole location for the k th mode. measurement multiplied by (radians/second). Therefore,
for this case the units of the residues are,
Since we are assuming that damping is light and the mode Residue Units = Gs/(Lbf-Sec) = 386.4 Inches/(Lbf-Sec3)
shapes are normal, equation (19) can be simplified to,
Therefore, the residues become,
[rd (k )] = Fk [rv (k )] = (Fk ) 2 [ra (k )] k=1 to m (20)
where, − 38.64
Residue Vector = + 772.8 Inches/(Lbf-Sec3)
ωk
Fk = k=1 to m (21) + 193.2
(σ + ωk2 )
2
k
Page 4 of 4
January, 2000
− 0.00977
Residue Vector = + 0.1955 Inches/(Lbf-Sec)
+ 0.0488
Finally, to obtain a mode shape scaled to unit modal mass,
Equation (18) is used. The mode shape of residues must be
multiplied by the scale factor,
ω 62.83
SF = = = 17.927
rjj + 0.1955
to obtain the unit modal mass mode shape,
− 0.175
UMM Mode Shape = + 3.505 Inches/(Lbf-Sec)
+ 0.875
REFERENCES
[1] Richardson, M.H. "Derivation of Mass, Stiffness and
Damping Parameters From Experimental Modal Data" Hew-
lett Packard Company, Santa Clara Division, June, 1977.
[2] Potter, R. and Richardson, M.H. "Mass, Stiffness and
Damping Matrices from Measured Modal Parame-
ters",.I.S.A. International Instrumentation - Automation
Conference, New York, New York, October 1974
Page 5 of 5