c

c
c
c
 cc

  c c 
cc
Y


c  
 cc  ccc
 c
cc  c !""#$!%&c
c
½ '(')(!c
c
c c
c 
c
cc
c c c
 c c c 
cc ccc c c

!cc c "#cc c c c

!c$%&c c cc c
#
cc c
#' ()c

!c*& c c
+c &
c
c
* c+ c c cc c½
 c
c
³««one-third of all students ages 12 to 18 felt that they were being bullied or harassed at
school, Ms. Ali said in an interview. ³Folks need to wake up«...We have a crisis in our schools
in which bullying and harassment seems to be a rite of passage, and it doesn¶t need to be that
way. Harassing conduct may take many forms, including verbal acts and name-calling; graphic
and written statements, which may include use of cell phones or the Internet; or other conduct
that may be physically threatening, harmful, or humiliating««Harassment does not have to
include intent to harm, be directed at a specific target, or involve repeated incidents.
Harassment creates a hostile environment when the conduct is sufficiently severe, pervasive, or
persistent so as to interfere with or limit a student¶s ability to participate in or benefit from the
services, activities, or opportunities offered by a school.´

³The bullying stopped when I claimed myself and proved that I wasn't afraid. A lot of it was
when I was hiding when I was younger. ³ R+c*
&c
c
³ «.in school a boy of medium size ill-treating a smaller boy. I expostulated, but he replied:
µThe bigs hit me, so I hit the babies; that¶s fair.¶ In these words he epitomized the history of the
human race.´
  ccR

³He who passively accepts evil is as much involved in it as he who helps to perpetrate it.´
 
c,% c

c
³Bullying is a problem that large numbers of kids confront on a daily basis at school; it's not just
an issue for the few unfortunate ones.´'&

³Bullying is a public health problem (tied to) the larger issue of youth violence in this country.´
&%c
%

³Bullying is a national problem. Middle school seems to be the time that bullying (by males) and
relational aggression (by females) is at its worst«..for kids. While there are programs to help
curb bullying, we're hoping to help teachers build character in fourth and fifth grade students to
c
c
c
c
c

prevent bullying in middle school.´ Nancy Brown

"I just want the bullying to stop. That is all I ever wanted. I used to love going to school. Now I
hate it."c
-+ &c.
+c c/&c
c%c+c %cc !%c
c
"Being bullied by a serial bully is equivalent to being stalked or being battered by a partner or
being abused as a child and should be accorded the same gravity." 
cc
c
"Many children leave school with a hatred of an education system which breeds and sustains
bullying and which isolates, ridicules, and excludes those who are in any way "different". The
government's obsession with "standards" is a form of political institutionalized bullying which
makes teachers as likely as their pupils to be bullied. Academic exam results devalue
achievement and are one of the poorest indicators of potential rather than inspire individual
achievement are more likely to sentence individuals to a life of middle-class mediocrity." +c

c
"«..accidents and assaults injure and kill people quickly and spectacularly, bullying and
consequent prolonged negative stress, injure and kill people slowly and secretively. The
outcome, though, is the same."  !%c
c
" If you're different, you're going to get picked on." 
!c"&& c
%c c#%&c
*
%c!%&&
c
"There doesn't always have to be a reason. People don't even always dislike the people they're
bullying, it's just something they have fun doing ... It's not really something they«care about -
it's just like something they can do«friends join in, and it's«like entertainment, I guess." +c
 c%c c0& %&c*
%c!%&&

)( ,c, (½'½) cc() ,c


 c 
c

+
c
cc&!
c &1c%c% c%c &2%cc'&c& c c1 c& c
!%
 c
c&+3c!%&&)c%
c!& c
c
c&c
'
c%& +cc  !%c c&c
1+
)cc2
c c1&c1+
cc%c !& c%c!&
1c&c1+
c%c&!&c
& c1+
c&c'
!
c1
cc1+ cc
 '
&c%c%'c%c&
c&c
 'c1+
cc
c
'c !)c
c
' c
 ccc
 ccc c  !c
)cR!&
4c
!c& c1+
cc1c1c&c


%c12c
 c+c& c1+
c
1%'
& cc &c& c 
!
c
c1+
)cc
)cR !c&c &cc & 
&c5
!c c&c1+
)c
)c'&cc 
c& ccc%
!c
c c&c1+
)c
)c"

!+c+4cc'c '
&cc
 '
&c 
)c
)c6
+c

!& c& c!&
cc!&
c 
)c
)c'&cc 
c& c&!&c c&c1+
)c
c
c
c
c
c

c
( - 
c( !c
c
7c "
%c0)c)c89:)c,'c& c1&
c&c!%&&cc !
&c& c%c!%&&c
'
&c1+c1
c'
!
cc1+c'
!
)cGournal of Early Adolescence, 27c
99;)c
7c  &c#)c8:)c
+<'
!
c &1cc%
c&!

&c2
%c!&
c1%'
& c
c
!& 
!c c
 !
&c&c!%&&c!%
 )cEducational Psychologyc21c-
==)c
7c ,
c>
8:c?"+1 1+
c
c*
%c!%&&c c+c& c?c
%'
& cc


 c1&c%
c02c$%&&?c& c& c  
&c c@c c
-cc9cAc-)c
7c " &% c,)c)c,

B
c)c@
&&c)c")c8-:)c"
/c & cc&
c1+c
%c2 c!&& cCc1+
c
c%c2& B!)cThe Psychologist-Manager Gournal,
12c-9)c&
c);<;;9-;;=c
7c 
cR)c@c
!c & c"
'
cR
%c8:)c c"&c, c* cc

+
)c
p Department of Education)
c
  c( !cc
7c  +c)c )c@!B
c")c )c8:)c$ !
&c& c%c /!+cc
& !c
& c&!
c& c1+cc!

cc'
!
c1
cc1+<'
!
c
cc 1c

c!%&&)c chool Psychology Review, 328:c9;-)c
7c *c)c*)c+ c)c c)c@c0c)c8:)c tudent survey of bullying
behavior: Preliminary development and results from six elementary schools.cR
'c
C1  +cc;c &cD& 
ccE
' 
+c" c & c!%&&c +c
c
%<<!
&))<!%&& +<

) c
7c !%
% c*)c*+ c)c$ cC)c@ cD)cc8=:)c$%+
!c' 1cc

&c & c& c1+
c&cD cc c c c
 !cc
!& )cccAggressive Behavior, 32c=9)c
7c
c)c)c@c
%c$)c )c8:)c%cc& c!&
c 
c1+c
%c!%
 c
!cc1
c'
!
c1+<'
!
cc&c
'&'c
c &c&c
 c
8%+&%
!:c+c& c1+
)cc candinavian Gournal of Psychology, 44,c9-;;)c
7c 

+
c$&
!
c#5c& c$ &'

&c
cc,2)c8:)c)cc
7c
&2c )c!B&c)c@c"
+c)c8=:)c"+1 
+
c'&
c$&
!+c&c

!cR&c%c c#/
1cc# !
'c
c  
c%
c!
cC& c& c

+
) Canadian Gournal of Educational Administration and Policyc89:c=)cc

 
 ccc 
cc,c
!c
%c"&
cc$+!%&&
!c '
!c c'c
' 
+cc
c!&
c&c
&
cc


cc!
&c'
&c2%
!%c !
c

'
c
 !8:c

cc c& c c& 
&c
!
c!
&cc

&c%

c! &&c
c
c
c
c
c

 !
&c5cc
c!

!c !
!cc '

&c  !%c c


 
&cc&
!+c & 
&)c
c
&c%
cc"$c2
c&c& c& c!&&c+c!
&c !
!c& c &!c1+c+c"$c
!+c1 c c &c& cc2%
!%c
!

c
c& c
c F
!
c&2 c+c
 &c& c &c1c&c !cc 

&c%
!
+c
&
+c
1

+c5c&

&c
& c&!
&!&&
!c)c
c
  cc'
 c
1
c
c &+c
!& c%&2' c&
c
c
c'&
1)c$c
c<!c
c&cccB&2c
cc2%+c+&c2
c1c1)c6c5!c&c% c &c+&c$R6Rc&c%c c& c
!c
c+&c c&
c&c1c1)cC /c1!c2
c!c+&c&c
c%c  !
&c c
c
!c!
'

c2%
!%c2
c
'+c
!c+& c )cc&c%c5

c c& c
%c!& c

cc& c& c!c2
c c
c
% cc
!&c& c

 
'c
2
% 2c &c%c!)c

c2&c% c!c
c/
'c&c

c&c2%&c!)c
"% &
!c 
c+c!!c&c c
cc Bc1!8:)c6 c+&c%'c&% c
!&
c%c2
c!
c
c+&c /+c

c!c& c1
c +c+&c+c
2c&c !&
 c2%% cB
c%
c!c
c%c&c &
c!

&c & c+&cc%
c
)c
6 cc& 
&c& c& cc
c!c
c
c
c
cGERc &
1

+c&c!&!cc!c&c

c&c2%c+&c
c
c!)c
c
cc c. !c
c
cc!& ccD& 
ccE
' 
+c c5!c&c& c%c%
%c
 c& c!
!c%&+)ccC& c5
!
c!&' c& c%
c&
!+cc c'
c&c c%c
!
&c&c!
!c%&+c
c%cD c"&c & c%cE
' 
+)cc%
c&
!+c &'
c

 & 
&c&c

c!%
c&c5

&c%&
4c!&1& 
&c 

!
&c
c
c1

&c& c
c & c! 
c2
%&c 

&)c
c
/ ccc
 c   c 
c
6c

&c&c!&c
!c% 
c  
cc!c 
!

&cc
 & 
&c1%'
& c & 
&c1%'
& c&c
!c &
+c
 !
c2
%c

 !& cc&% c)cc !!& 
c&cDEc&
!+cHDisruptive student behavior is student
behavior in a classroom or other learning environment (to include both on and off-campus
locations), which disrupts the educational process. 
 c0c+ 
c
cc

 cc  c+c c

1 uch behavior includes, but is not limited to, verbal or
physical threats repeated obscenities, unreasonable interference with class discussion,
23
 c
c cc 4c  c
c c
cc cc

cc
- cc c+  cc cc

cc c
c
c
4  c
  c 4  c
 cc+  cc
cc
 c

c
c5c
cc +
1 For purposes of this policy, it may also be
considered disruptive behavior for a student to exhibit threatening, intimidating, or other
inappropriate behavior toward the instructor or classmates outside of class. *For purposes of
this document, the word ³class´ is defined as one specific meeting of students and professor
while the word ³course´ refers to the entire section.

c
c
c
c
c

 c 36 +2c!cc c /
c&c c%c'
!c)66c
c!)c

*&2' c
c+&c c
c%c
c& cc !+c

&ccc1c !%1ccER0c
CCc%c
 c
c c%c&& c'c%c &&c2
%c%c

c&
1c
 1!c1 & c
2
c%c !+c!cc  c&c!c &+)c$c&
+c%c
 !& c& c%c
 !+c1 & c!)c,&c c2!&c&cBc&c1c
 c
c& c
c
C!1&&Bc& c&% c&!
c2& Bc
c&c 
c
c!c
)c
c
  c5c+ !c
c2%&c2
%c&c /c!!&&
&c & cc
1

+c+c&c&c1+c 

c2
%c%c
!c
& c
1

+c '
!)cc+c&+c1c!!&&c&c
!c1+c%c
!c& c
1

+c
 '
!c& cc
c !!&&
&c$cc c &
1c & c &'

cc!&+c& c%cc&c

 !& c& cc!c
c2%
!%cc!!&&
&c
c&%)c%c
!c& c
1

+c '
!c+c
1c!&!cc=)c
c
6 cc
 c) c, c
G& c!& !
'cc& c%
c!& c+cc

1c &c
c%
c!
&cc
D& 
c)ccE&c!&
c%c!& ccBc
c&c
c&c%c&
c!& c
'
&)cc2
c1c&

c% &%c%
cDEcc
c!!&c2%c%c
'
&c2
c1c'
1c&
)cc$
&
!c &&2c
c2
c1cc&c 
cc
&c!&c%c'
&)ccc2
c&c1c1c&c 
'c
c cc%+c


!c%c%+c&c&c2
%c&c 
!
c& c1
cc!&c'
&c&
)cc6 !& c
 c&c1c&c!!c

'
c &c
c' c2Bc  c c c1
)ccG& c
'
&c2
c&c !c+& c c
c%
c!& cc
c2
c%cc!&
c&c%c%
c
!& cc
 &'c%c !
'c& c+c
 !
&)ccc
c

5cc
%cc+c& c%c c&c2
% 2cc&
1+c !
'ccHIc
c +c%)ccG&c2
c
!
'cc c& cHCIc
c+&c2
% 2c  c%
c)c%c&+c5!
&c&c%
c&
!+c
cc
* %
c
% 2)cG&c+c&c2
% 2c &cc!& c
c%c
c2&c2Bc& c
!%c!c& c%c c& c

 )cR'
2c%c c" c & c%c!

!c
)ccc0&c
cc!c & c2%
!%c+&c c 
 c&c&c!&
cc & c
2
% 2c& c
c+&c&cc  c & c%c!)c
c
 c 
c
c2
c c 
!c 'c&c%c2B?c&
!)cc 
!c2
c!&c &c%c %
cF& c
& c%c
c2
%c&% cc & c1!B &ccc! +c1+c%c
 !& )ccc
 c5!c&c cc
cc%c
c 
!)cc%+c c&c5!c&c c
cc&
c &c&c
c 
!c%c  !c%
c!
'c 
c& c%c
)ccC1!Bc2
c
1c &'
c  
c%c/
+c& c%c &c )c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
"c$ 
!

&c R !
&c$ <
!
&c Jcc&
c
!&
1
&c


cc 6c!c Jc&
c


<$ '!c


cc "+1 1+
c !
'
+c Jcc&
c


cc "&
cB
cD &c& Bc Jcc&
c


cc
+c$ '
&<6 '
&c Jcc&
c
$ &F!c


cc '&!!+c Jcc&
cc

$ 
&<$ &F!c

&c$&
1c$&
c c Jcc&
c

c
c
)( ,c .,,c
c%!c½
 cc cc
ßc R'
2c& c+1<"& c
 &!
&c c
c 
!
&c&cc


&c& c1+
c2%c
c!&
 c1+
cc
2%&c
cc1+'
!
c
c R'
2c&2 &
c2%
!%c2
c1c!&
c&' c5c!&c& c
&)c
c
c7!c c8c
  cc
yc 
c 
"
%c9Kc  &cc
ßc 6!c
c2
c1c

1c8
!c
! && c& cc#5!c&!:cc
ßc 
!
&c&c+c& c+c

4c&c!
+c1+c1%'
& c c'

&c
"& c!& cc1 c& c1%'
& c%c&!! c2
%
ccc
)c
c
c !c
  c9cc
:c 
cR
c*c+ c c@c0cc
:c "&
c
!
&c&c+c& c+c

4c&c!
+c1+c1%'
& cC /!+cc
:c ,c+c&c
% 2c
c
c$!c
  c9cc
7c (  c c

c
c
c
c
c

7c 
!
&c  
c%c

c& c2%c%cc &c% &%c!&
c

 c%cc&

&c& c2%c!

!
&c+c%&c1ccc%c&c c

c1+c  !%)cc
c
c&!c+
+ cc
:c 
cR
c,
cc
7c ,! c"& 
c
 c1+
c')c8 

&:c' 1<%+
!c1+
c
Lc R  !
c%c"+1 1+
c$ 
&ccc
7c 
!
&c
& c"& cc!& c c!%&&c!&cc2& Bc!c
!+1 1+
c
7c "+1 1+
c !
'
+c8
cc 
c:c2
c1c
'c2
%c
c
c
c;!c+
+ cc
7c ,! c# 
c  !%c
c!+1 1+
c '!c&!&c
Lc R  !
c%c"+1 1+
c$ 
&ccc
c
c<!cc+
+ cc
:c +
+ cc,c
7c ,! c
!c$ '
&c@c6 '
&c 
c
Lc R  !
c%c"+1 1+
c$ 
&ccc
:c 
!
&c1& c!&
cc!& 
c'
&c '
&cc
 '
&c
 
c
c
c=!c
 cc
7c "c!
'
+c
c
!
&c1&c1+
c '
&c5
!c
7c ,! c6 &!
&c& c1+
c '
&c &!%c
c
c>!c
 cc
7c ,! c +c!&&c& c!%&&2
c1+
c '
&c &!%c&cc&c
c
c%"!c
 c
ßc ,! c& Bc!c1+
c2%c
c&&Bc
Bc
c&!&c2%c&c&c1&c
cc
ßc 
!
&c& c1+
c '
&c &F!c
ßc D &c2
c1c & c & c1+
c '
&c &F!c
c
c%%!c½
 ccccccccccccccc
7c ,! c' '
2c& c
+
c6 '
&c$ & c
c
c%7!c½
 cc
7c ,! c!! c6 '
&cc6

&c6 '
&c
7c D &c2
cc&% c&c
!c1+
c '
&c & c+
c &F!c
c
c% !c½
 cc
7c ,! c6 '
c2
%c
+cc.
!
cc
7c c2
c
!c!
&c
!c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c%$!c   c!ccccc 

c  c
7c '&
cc 
c& c2%c!&
c
c & c& c!&
c

4c&c& c
c
!
&c& c c)cc
7c D &c 
c8
cc 
c:c2
c1c
'c2
%c
c,c c%"1c
c
c%&!c   c!cc 
  c  cc cc+
# cc
7c 
cR
cc&cc)c8:Kc c
%ccG&%F
c8=:c
:c 
!
&c& c!&&+c & c!&
c 
c & c1+
cc%&2c%c!& c
&c 
c 'c&c!+1 1+
)cc
:c R'
2c& cc&cc
c&c!%c cKc
c& c &c

cc5c!)cc
c
c%;!c   ccc
:c /
 c c cc
:c 
!
&c& c 
&c
'c
c!c
c
c%<!c)  cc
7c ,! c%&  c !c& c1+
c
7c 6c!c!
'
+c5
!c2
%c1+
c '+c
7c <<1!)&)!&<2!%<<*-=<.--<1
&%'
!
&
c
c
c%=!c)  cc
7c ,! c,& c# !c& c
+
c
7c 6c!c!
'
+cC&c$& +cc
c
c%>!c)  cc
7c 
cR
c" &% c,)c)c,

B
c)c@
&&c)c")c8-:)c"
/c
& cc&
c1+c%c2 c!&& cCc1+
c
c%c2& B!)cThe
Psychologist-Manager Gournal, 12c-9)c&
c);<;;9-;;=c
7c
+
c
c %&&<& B!c
+
c
7c "c
!
&c c& c%c5
!c2
%c1+
c '+c
c
c7"!c3cc
7c *
&
!c&' '
2cc'&
&c& c1+
c&
!+c
7c D
cc&!ccc  c&
!
c
7c $&c&
!+c & c'&!!+c &F!c&c
 'c1 & c
&c)c
c
c7%!c3cc
7c 
cR
cAli, R., & Office for Civil Rights, (2010)c
7c "

!c+
c& c1+
c&
!+c86c"c !
'
+:c
7c c& c%c %cc2Bc& c&
!
)c
7c #'
&c& c !& c%c

c

&c & c
7c ( c(  c
c c
c
c77!c3cc
7c Dc,! c
c
c
c
c
c

7c 
 ccc
? c
c
c7 !c/
 c
 c
7c  c
 3½
 c
? c
c
c7$!c/
 c
 c
7c c  c c
7c  c
 3½
 c
? 
 c
c
c7&c/
 c
 c
:c  c
 3½
 c
? c
 c
c
 ½/ , ' 3(, , ''½) c

cc ½cc c
"
+c%cc 
!
cc
% c1
cc'
!
c& c1
c

'&')ccEc%c &&2
c!

!
&c+c c
'

&c"c& c!& c c"& c!& c& c)c&' c%cc'c
& c& c
%'
& ccc&!c& c2
!cc+ c2&c
%'
& c
!!
cB+c ccc
%'
& c&!!
c2B+ccc
c&c1%'
& c&!!
c&%+)c$c1c  c&c
!c
+& c

c
c!cc & cc&

&c1&c2%c%&c+&c
!&
 c%&c1!&c%cH&c I)c


cc  c c<c

"&c%c"+1 1+
c !
'
+)c$ &'
c5c& c%c
!+1 1+
c c c%c 
!c1+c>
c,
cc2 c% c
/
&cc%c  !c&c+& c&2c5
!c2
%c
!+1 1+
)c
c  c&c% c2
%c%c!)c


cc  c c%"c

 c 2c
c&c%c!&!c c&c%c & c& c
1+
c!&
c!&
c 
cc ccc
&% c
c


c &c&c'&ccc
c1+
cB
c%c

!& & c&

'c!&
c 
)c%c 
c!c1c &c
!c
!
&c& c  !%c 
c& c cc
!%
/)c$  c&c5
c+& cB
cc +c
c   !c&c%c

c
'c
c!)cc


cc  c c77c

 c c
? 3c
 !cc2
c '
2cc,&!c
c& cC c
+
c&
!+)cc2
c  cc c&c%c
 &
c&

!c&
!
c8))c!%&&c1& c!& c

c
c
c
c
c

 
c& c!
+c!&!
:c &'

c& c & c& c /
c
&

!
&c&c! c1+
c&
!+)c%c c2
c1c
 & 
&+c2
cc   !c!

!c!c& c%c&
!+)c
c2
c &'
cc!&+c& c%c cc2cc&!
&c%c
%c c%c1c1
c&cc &
c&
!
c8))c +c
c
& c &c cc c c7$@cc2
c c%c
%
%
%c& c%
c cc%cF

!
&c & c%
c!

&c&c
& <
 &'c%c&
!+c
c!c
ccc
c 
&)cc


cc  c c7 #7&c

 c
 3½
 c
? !c  c '
&<
 '
&c
&cc2
c & c &c& c2&c&c% c&c+4c!c& c
'
!c1c1+
c '
&<
 '
&c & c & c
!%&&)c%
c 
&c%&c &'
cc c&' '
2c& c%c
 & cc%&c &'
cc+
c& c%c & 3c'c
c
')c%c&1F!
'c& c%
c 
&c
c&c c%c

!c&1
c&%c
 & 
&c&cBc
 & c!

&c
1&c1+
c '
&<
 '
&c & )%
c+c /
c
 &c&c%
Bc& c! 
'c2+c& c 
c
 & 
&c1&c%c
 & )cC& c
!c &c+c&c&c! c%
!+c
c
& c! c'
&c&c%!c%
c 
&<c& cc&2 c&
c
 
&)cD &c%&c1c  c&c c & c1&ccc

cB
c c&c'cc 2c
c & c%c
!c&cBc
/
&c1&c%
c & )cD &c2
c!%&&c &cc
c& c
'
!c1c1+
c '
&c & c &'
c1+c%c

 !& )c
c c
c
c

c
c
c
c