Occupational Health and Safety Department

Faculty of Public Health

University of Indonesia

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background
Since the beginning of civilization, people have used stone, ceramics and, later,
metals found on or close to the Earth's surface. These were used to manufacture early
tools and weapons, for example, high quality flint found in northern France and
southern England were used to create flint tools. Flint mines have been found in chalk
areas where seams of the stone were followed underground by shafts and galleries. The
mines at Grimes. Graves are especially famous, and like most other flint mines, are
Neolithic in origin (ca 4000 BC-ca 3000 BC). Other hard, rocks mined or collected for axes
included the greenstone of the Langdale axe industry based in the English Lake District.
It is the beginning of mining industry history.
Safety has long been a controversial issue in the mining business especially with
sub-surface mining. While mining today is substantially safer than it was in the previous
decades, mining accidents are often very high profile, such as the Quecreek Mine Rescue
saving 9 trapped Pennsylvania coal miners in 2002.
According to new estimates by the ILO, the number of job related accidents and
illnesses, which annually claim more than two million lives, appears to be rising because
of rapid industrialization in some developing countries. A new assessment of workplace
accidents and illness indicates that the risk of occupational disease has become by far
the most prevalent danger faced by people at their jobs - accounting for 1.7 million
annual work related deaths and outpacing fatal accidents by four to one. In its latest
estimates, the ILO found that in addition to job related deaths, each year there are some
268 million non fatal workplace accidents in which the victims miss at least three days of
work as a result, as well as 160 million new cases of work related illness. The ILO has
previously estimated that workplace accidents and illness are responsible for the loss of
some four per cent of the world's GDP in compensation and absence from work. (ILO,
2010)
According to the Bureau of Labor statistics, in 2007 ( preliminary ) the overall
mining ( includes oil and gas extraction) fatality rate was 24.8 per 100.000 employed
workers, compared to a fatality rate of 4.0 for all private industry. (NIOSH, 2010)

Nur Azizah Sofia (0706273612) 1

 Occupational Health and Safety Department
Faculty of Public Health
University of Indonesia

During the recent recession, which has had a great impact on the minerals
industry, the core value of many mining companies has been on Occupational Health
and Safety (OHS). It is because the company has responsibilities for some aspect. They
are moral aspect (worker rights to be safe and health), legal aspect ( law enforcing by
goverment, both regional and international), and financial aspect, particularly
compensation costs which caused by accident and work related disease. The basic way
which has to be held for its purpose is doing hazard identification, risk assesment, and
determining control ( HIRA-DC ). Based on it, the writter would like to learn more about
the Process of HIRA-DC in Concentrating Division, Freeport Indonesia Company, as one
of the biggest minerals mining companies in Indonesia.

I.2 Objectives
I.2.1 General
The general aim of the report entitled "Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment in Concentrating Division Freeport Indonesia Company 2010 "is to know the
process of HIRADC based on Freeport Safety and Health (FRESH) Standard 5.02 in
Concentrating Division.
I.2.2 Specific
The specific objectives of this report are:
1) Know the process of making Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and
Determining Control in Concentrating Division PTFI
2) Identify safety and health hazards that exist from each task in Concentrating
Division PTFI
3) Know how to make a priority hazards that need to be controlled.
4) Know the appropriate Risk Action Management Plant of the Critical Task based
on its level of risk

Nur Azizah Sofia (0706273612) 2

 Occupational Health and Safety Department
Faculty of Public Health
University of Indonesia

I.3 Benefits
I.3.1 Benefits gained by PTFI
1) PTFI, especially Concentrating Division can involve internship students at the
Occupational Health and Safety program
2) Creating mutually cooperation between PTFI with the Department of
Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, University of
Indonesia.
3) Can be mutually brain storming about the Safety program between theory and
application in Concentrating Division, PTFI

I.3.2 Benefit gained by Student

The benefits gained by students as the authors are able to implement the
science that has been gained in college in a real case examples occurred in the field. So
that students can really understand the science that studied. In addition, the students
also gain the confidence to carry out OHS jobs in the future.

I.3.3 Benefit gained by Department of Occupational Health and Safety (K3), Faculty of
Public Health, University of indonesia
The benefits gained by the Department of Occupational Health and Safety (K3)
Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia as an educational institution shade of
the report's students are getting new libraries as a result of student research. In
addition, the department also get the new network can eventually become the
distribution or OHS graduates.

I.4 Scope
The scope of this report is about reviewing HIRA which consists of several
phases: hazard identification and risk assessment in Concentrating Division PTFI. Hazard
identification used in this report are based on secondary data, which saw the
identification of hazards that have been made by the supervisor of concentrating
division areas. They are Concentrator1-Concentrator4, Ore Flow( upper and lower) and
Porsite(Dewatering Plant).

Nur Azizah Sofia (0706273612) 3

 Occupational Health and Safety Department
Faculty of Public Health
University of Indonesia

Risk assessment is the process of estimation of three variables: the probability,

frequency and consequences for each hazard. While the evaluation of risk is comparing
the estimated level of risk with the criteria that have been compiled. All criteria used in
this report are according to the method of Freeport Management Standard (FRESH)
5.02 about Hazard Identification and Risk Assesment with location in the concentrating
division areas (Concentrator1-Concentrator4, Ore Flow( upper and lower) and
Porsite(Dewatering Plant)). This report was prepared using secondary data of HIRA in
Safety Web Concentrating Division and injury supervisory reports as well as primary data
by conducting interviews to supervisors who are in each area.

Nur Azizah Sofia (0706273612) 4