Chem June 2010 MS

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Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2010
GCE
GCE Chemistry (6CH01/01)
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6CH01_01
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Section A (multiple choice)
Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
1 (a) B 1

Number
1 (b) D 1

Number
2 D 1

Number
3 A 1

Number
4 (a) B 1

Number
4(b) D 1

Number
4 (c) C 1

Number
4 (d) A 1

Number
5 B 1

Number
6 A 1

Number
7 C 1

Number
8 D 1

Number
9 C 1
6CH01_01
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Number
10 C 1

Number
11 D 1

Number
12 B 1

Number
13 D 1

Number
14 (a) B 1

Number
14 (b) A 1

Number
14 (c) C 1
6CH01_01
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Section B
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
15 (a)(i) 2
electrons (1)
charge (1)
square brackets not essential
Mark independently
Ignore (labelling of) nucleus unless incorrect

Number
15 (a)(ii) 1s22s22p63s23p6 1
Allow electron number as sub script
Allow orbitals as capital letters
Allow TE from (a) (i) if Ca atom or Ca+ ion

Number
15 (a)(iii) Smaller 2
Because it has one less (sub) shell of electrons bigger scores
/ orbital / energy level / less shielding (1) zero
And the ratio of protons : electrons has greater nuclear

increased charge /positive
/ more protons than electrons charge
/ greater net force on remaining electrons (so
remainder of electrons held more closely)
/ greater effective nuclear charge (1)
6CH01_01
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Number
15 (a)(iv) Any two from: 2

Strong (electrostatic) forces / attractions / Any mention of
bonds (between ions) (1) covalent or
metallic bonds
(ions) held in giant lattice / many (ionic) or atoms or
attractions / forces / bonds (1) molecules
scores zero
So large amount of energy needed (to break
apart ions) (1) High
temperature

Number
15 (b)(i) Because the ions are free to move (when a Electrons / 1

potential difference is applied) particles are
free to move

Number
15 (b)(ii) The cations / barium and calcium (ions) are Atoms are 1
different sizes different sizes
Ignore any discussion of reasons
(could select either the calcium ion because it

has more water molecules associated with it
OR the barium ion because it has more shells
of electrons and so larger)
6CH01_01
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Number
15 (b)(iii) Mass of calcium ions in 1 kg = 0.100 x 40 (= 4.0) 2

(g) (1)
If mass quoted must be correct to score first

mark
Hence 4.0 g per 1000 g of solution

So ppm = (4.0/1000) x 1000000
= 4000 (ppm) (1)
OR
Mass of calcium ions in 1 kg = 0.100 x 40.1
(= 4.01) (g) (1)
Hence 4.01 g per 1000 g of solution

So ppm = (4.01/1000) x 1000000
= 4010 (ppm) (1)
Correct answer alone = 2 marks
Allow TE for second mark from incorrect mass

Number
15 (c) (Sulfur / nitrogen oxides) form when (fossil) from factories 3

fuels are burnt alone
/ when petrol or diesel burn in vehicle engines
/ emissions from vehicle (engines)
/ volcanoes
/ lightning (1)
They (react with water to) form sulfuric /

sulfurous acid /nitric acid /acid rain / gases
are acidic (1)
Which reacts with limestone (to form soluble

compounds) / limestone and acid take part in
neutralisation / dissolves building / corrodes
building (1)
Allow correct equation for third mark but

Ignore equations if mark already awarded.
Ignore comments regarding erosion
6CH01_01
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Number
15 (d) Either 1
Yes, as the values match closely (so little 100% ionic
deviation from ionic model)
Or
no, as the values are (slightly) different so a covalent
degree of covalency / not fully ionic
6CH01_01
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Number
16 (a) Atoms (of an element) with the same number 2

of protons (1)
But with different number of neutrons (1)
Same atomic number but different mass

number only = (1)
Element(s) with same number of protons but

different number of neutrons = (1) max
Ignore comments on electrons unless incorrect

in which case award max 1

Number
16 (b)(i) (Electric field) accelerates ions 1

Number
16 (b) (ii) (Magnetic field) deflects / changes direction of just bends ions 1
/ bends the beam of ions
if the term ‘ions’ is missing or an incorrect

term is used e.g. ‘atoms’, penalise only once
in parts b (i) and b (ii)

Number
16 (c) % abundance = (135 x 9.01 + 136 x 10.81 + 137 2

x 12.32 + 138 x 67.86) /100 (1) Just 137 as final
answer
= 137.4 (1) 137.39
137.3903
ignore units 137.390
Allow TE for one slip in transfer of data from

question
Correct answer scores (2)
6CH01_01
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Number
16 (d) three peaks (caused by Br2+ ions) (1) 2
because ions (79Br-79Br)(+)

and (81Br-79Br)(+) / (79Br-81Br)(+)
and (81Br-81Br)(+) (1)
Mark independently

Number
16 (e) Any one 1
analysis of material from space

/ drug testing in sport
/ identify breakdown products from drugs in
body
/ quality control in pharmaceutical industry
/ identify molecules from sample with
potential biological activity
/ radioactive dating with context e.g
determine age of fossils / human remains
The uses above must have a context
/ determining Mr of a molecule
/ evidence for structure from fragmentation
pattern
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Number
17 (a) 2
(1) for around carbon and its hydrogens

(1) for around oxygen and its hydrogen
Allow all dots or all crosses

Ignore circles around atoms

Number
17 (b)(i) C(s) / (graphite) + 2H2(g) + 2O2(g) 2

Correct species (1)
Allow oxygen above arrows rather than in box
Balancing and state symbols (1)
Second mark dependent on correct species

except as below with either hydrogen or
oxygen or both as atoms
e.g
C(s) / (graphite) + 4H(g) + 4O(g)
Scores second mark

Number
17 (b)(ii) Enthalpy / energy / heat(energy) change when heat required / 3

one mole of a substance (1) heat given out /
heat taken in
Is formed from its elements (in their most

stable / standard states) (1)
Under standard conditions of 298K/ 25 ºC / any

stated temperature AND 1 atm pressure /
101 kPa / 100 kPa (1)
Definitions based on lattice enthalpies may

score third mark only
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Number
17 (b)(iii) !H!c = -!H1! + !H2! (1) 2
= (2 x "285.8 + "393.5) " ("239.1)

= "726 (1)
Ignore units
Correct answer alone = 2 marks
+726 = 1
-440.2 = 1 if omit multiply by 2

Number
17 (c)(i) 20.7 x 200 x 4.18 = 17305(.2) (J) 1

ignore sf except 1 sf i.e. 20000
OR
20.7 x 200 x 0.00418 = 17.305(2) kJ

ignore sf except 1 sf i.e. 20
ignore signs
ignore mol"1

Number
17 (c) (ii) 0.848/32 = 0.0265 (mol) 1
ignore sf except 1 sf i.e. 0.03
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Number
17 (c)(iii) 17305.2/0.0265 = "653000 (J mol"1 ) (3sf) 1
OR
"653 (kJ mol"1) (3sf)
Ignore missing units but penalise incorrect

units
Allow TE from (c)(i) & (ii)

Number
17 (c)(iv) Any two from 2
As heat/energy absorbed by apparatus / just

heat/energy ‘lost’ to surroundings (1) heat/energy
loss
methanol not completely burnt / incomplete
combustion (1)
just incomplete
methanol ‘lost’ by evaporation (1) reaction
cannot ensure all products are at standard

conditions at end of reaction / water is
produced as a gas / reaction not carried out in
the standard conditions (1)
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Number
18 (a)(i) Crude oil / petroleum / coal Oil on its own / 1

Natural gas /
fossil fuels /
any named
fraction of
crude oil

Number
18 (a)(ii) use of high temperatures / heat (in the 2

absence of air) / thermal decomposition /
catalysts (1)
Either
to break large molecules / to form smaller

molecules / to break bonds in large molecules
/ to break carbon-carbon bonds (1)
OR
producing alkenes / producing carbon-carbon

double bonds (1)
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Number
18 (a)(iii) Risks (2) 4

Amendments (2)
Risk Amendment
exposure to harmful / Set up in fume cupboard Dangerous
toxic fumes
Escape of flammable / Correct fitting of bung
harmful / toxic
reactants or products
from ill fitting bung
Escape of flammable / Placement of delivery collect in
harmful /toxic reactants tube below mouth of syringe
or products from poorly test tube / use a longer
positioned delivery tube delivery tube
suck back Attach Bunsen valve /
remove delivery tube
from water before
stopping heating etc
Mark all 4 points independently

If escaping gases linked to 2 amendments but no risk
mentioned then allow 1 for risk

Number
18 (b)(i) Reagent – Hydrogen/H2 (1) 2

Catalyst –
Nickel/Ni/palladium/Pd/platinum/Pt (1)
Mark independently

Number
18 (b)(ii) 1,2 – dibromoethane (1) 1,2 - bromoethane 2

dibromoethane
ignore punctuation
H H
H C C H Skeletal formula
Br Br
(1)
Mark independently
Allow CH2BrCH2Br C2H4Br2
6CH01_01
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Number
18 (b)(iii) From purple / pink " colourless clear 1

Number
18 (c)(i) 3
arrow from bromide ion can start from any part of the
bromide ion and can go towards the C or the + sign on
the intermediate
bromide ion must show negative charge #- on

bromide
ion for
third
mark
allow 2 max for addition of Br2 and any other
electrophilic additions
half headed arrows used throughout penalise only once

Number
18 (c)(ii) Bromine / bromide / hydrogen could add to bromine could 1

either carbon (in the double bond) add to any of
/ bromide / bromine could add to either the three
primary or secondary carbocation carbons
/ (propene is unsymmetrical) so could form
1-bromopropane and / or 2-bromopropane.
Allow correct structural or displayed formulae.
6CH01_01
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Number
H C6H5 H C6H5
18 (d) 2
C C C C
H H H H
position of hydrogen atoms and phenyl groups

(1)
Allow phenyl groups on 2nd and 3rd carbon OR

1st and 4th OR 1st and 3rd
carbon carbon single bonds and continuation

bonds (1)
second mark not awarded for incorrect

monomer
(1) max with or without square brackets and n

or numbers
Do not penalise H from phenyl groups attaching

to carbon chains
Ignore extra square brackets, numbers and ‘n’

provided 2 monomer units shown
6CH01_01
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Number
18 (e)(i) Any two 2
(raw material for) paper cup requires cutting down

trees (1)
polystyrene cup uses less energy (280 kWh rather

than 980 kWh) to produce so less CO2 released / less
fossil fuels (1)
polystyrene cup releases less sulfur based compounds

into air so less chance of forming acid rain / less
chance of damaging buildings / acidifying lakes
(produces 3.5 kg rather than 11 kg) (1)
polystyrene cup releases no chlorine compounds

which damages ozone layer / poisonous (produce 0
kg rather than 0.4 kg) (1)
2 pieces of data chosen with no explanation allow 1

mark
Ignore comments regarding water

Number
18 (e)(ii) 2 additional factors 2
e.g ease of recyclability

whether cup is easy to reuse
space taken up in landfill
type and amount of gases formed if incinerated
useful heat obtained if incinerated
biodegradeability / how long they take to decompose
management of gases produced during
decomposition
durability / how long the cup lasts
method of disposal
Ignore comments regarding atom economy
Ignore comments regarding acid rain / ozone layer /

greenhouse gases unless linked to gases produced
during disposal
6CH01_01
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6CH01_01
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June 2010
GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
© Edexcel Ltd 2010
6CH02_01
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Number
1(a) D 1

Number
1(b) A 1

Number
1(c) B 1

Number
2 D 1

Number
3 C 1

Number
4 C 1

Number
5 B 1

Number
6 D 1

Number
7 D 1

Number
8 B 1

Number
9 C 1

Number
10 A 1

Number
11 A 1
6CH02_01
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Number
12 A 1

Number
13 D 1

Number
14 D 1

Number
15 B 1

Number
16 A 1

Number
17 A 1

Number
18 B 1
6CH02_01
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Section B

Number
19 (a) Mark independently From: clear 2

To: magenta /
From: colourless (1) purple / cerise
To: pink / (pale) red (1)
If colour change wrong way round max (1)

Number
19 (b) (Titres 2, 3 and 4) are concordant / within Just “very 1

0.2 (cm3) / within 0.1 (cm3) / consistent similar” /
OR within 0.05 /
Titre 1 is rough / trial / a rangefinder / too far within 0.5
out / overshot
Titre 1 “very
ALLOW Titre 1 is an outlier / is anomalous different”
Just “not
accurate”
“Titration 1 is
a control
experiment”

Number
19 (c) 28.00 (cm3) / 28.0 (cm3) / 28 (cm3) 28.14 (cm3) / 1

28.1 (cm3) /
28.13 (cm3)
6CH02_01
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IN (d)(i) to (d)(v), IGNORE UNITS EVEN IF INCORRECT AND
ALLOW ANSWER IN EACH CASE WHETHER BY TE OR MARK SCHEME ANSWER, REGARDLESS OF
ANY WORKING SHOWN
Number
19 (d)(i) 0.100 x 28.00 = 0.0028 / 2.8 x 10-3 (mol) 1

1000
ALLOW TE from (c)
IGNORE sf except one sf

Number
19 (d)(ii) 0.0028 / 2.8 x 10-3 (mol) 1
OR
Same answer to (d)(i) if TE applied

Number
19 (d)(iii) 0.0028 = 0.112 (mol dm-3) 1

0.025
OR
Answer to (d)(ii) if TE applied from (d)(ii)

0.025

Number
19 (d)(iv) 10 x 0.112 = 1.12 (mol dm-3) 1
OR
Answer to (d)(iii) x 10 if TE applied from

(d)(iii)
6CH02_01
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Number
19 (d)(v) 1.12 x 60 = 67.2 (g dm-3) 67.1 1
OR
Answer to (d)(iv) x 60 if TE applied from

(d)(iv)
6CH02_01
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Number
19 (e) NOTE: answer must refer to making up the 2

diluted solution and not the titration
NOTE: the Reason mark must be correctly

linked to the Improvement
Improvement: Use of
Use a pipette / burette to measure acid volumetric
(solution) (1) flask for initial
measurement
of volume of
vinegar
solution
Reason:
Pipette / burette more accurate (than a “more
measuring cylinder) (1) reliable”
ALLOW “more precise”
OR
Improvement: swirl (the
Shake / invert the volumetric flask flask)
(thoroughly) (1)
Reason:
To ensure a uniform concentration (1) to ensure
“fully
dissolved”
OR
Improvement:
Rinse out measuring cylinder (and transfer just “rinse out
washings to the volumetric flask) (1) apparatus”
Reason:
To ensure all the acid is transferred (to the
volumetric flask) (1)
OR
Improvement:
Use a (teat) pipette to make up to the mark (in
volumetric flask) (1)
Reason:
To ensure volume of solution accurately Any suggested
measured (1) improvements
relating to the
titration part
of this
experiment
6CH02_01
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Number
19 (f)(i) Z / between 27.85 and 28.05 (cm3) 1
ALLOW 27.95 ±0.10 (cm3)

Number
19 (f)(ii) Any one of the following / a statement 1

equivalent to:
! overshoots/misses end-point
! water left in burette / pipette “water left in
! air lock below tap in burette / air in conical flask”
pipette
! burette not vertical just
! alkali not at stated concentration “measurements
! leaking tap may be
! not reading meniscus at eye-level inaccurate”
! funnel left in top of burette
“there could be
! not reading level against a white
uncertainty
background
with other
! not reading meniscus correctly equipment”
! washing pipette between titres
! washing the flask with the solution that “contamination
will go in it of the vinegar”
! not swirling flask / mixture
IGNORE “errors in calculation”
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Question Acceptable Answers Mark
Number
H3C H
20 (a)(i) H3C H 3
H C C H
H C C H
H (1) for carbocation
H
(1) for arrow
Br (:) Br
(1) for both arrows
H3C H
H C C H
Br H
1st mark:
! top arrow must start from the double bond / close to the
double bond and not from either of the C atoms of the
C=C bond
! top arrow can end on, or close to, the H in HBr
! lower arrow must start from the bond and not the H
atom in HBr
REJECT full charges on the HBr
2nd mark:
the carbocation must have a full + and not !+
3rd mark:
! the bromide ion must have a full — and not !—
!
the lone pair need not be shown on the Br—
! arrow from bromide ion can start anywhere on the Br–— or
from the minus sign or the lone pair (if shown) on Br— and
can go to the C or the + sign on the intermediate
3rd mark available even if an incorrect intermediate has been

drawn

Number
20(a)(ii) H3C H 1
H C C H
OR
CH3 CH2 CH2+
6CH02_01
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Number
20(b)(i) B /CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 /butan-2-ol (1) 2
Because the C atom bearing the OH is attached Just “OH is on

to two other C atoms / C with OH group the second C
attached to one H (atom) (1) atom” / “OH
is in the chain,
ALLOW Because the C atom bearing the OH is not on the
attached to two alkyl groups end”
OR
“OH attached
to two methyl
/ two CH3
groups”
These marks are stand alone OH- (instead of

–OH)

Number
20(b)(ii) C /(CH3)3COH /(2-)methylpropan-2-ol (1) 2
Because it is a tertiary (alcohol)/no C-H bonds “tertiary

to break (1) structure” /
“tertiary
ACCEPT a description of a tertiary alcohol carbon” /
“tertiary
These marks are stand alone carbocation”

Number
20(b)(iii) BOTH 1
B / CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 / butan-2-ol
AND
H H O H
Structural /
H C C C C H skeletal
formula
H H H
BOTH required for the one mark
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Number
20(b)(iv) A / CH3CH2CH2CH2OH / butan-1-ol 1

and
D / CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH / (2-)methylpropan-1-ol
BOTH needed for one mark

Number
20(b)(v) Steamy fumes / misty fumes / white mist White smoke 1

Number
20(b)(vi) (C4H9OH + PCl5 !) C4H9Cl + POCl3 + HCl 2
(1) for HCl

(1) for rest of the equation correct
NOTE: Equation must be completely correct for

the second mark.
ACCEPT “PCl3O” instead of POCl3
6CH02_01
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Number
21(a)(i) Mark the two points independently, subject “Equilibrium 2

to the constraint in Reject column shifts to left”
will score (0)
Effect: for (a)(i)
(Equilibrium) shifts to the right (1)
ALLOW: “favours forward reaction” / “increase

the amount of product” / “increase the yield
(of product)”
Reason:
Exothermic (in forward direction) (1)
NOTE: Just “(equilibrium) shifts in the

exothermic direction” scores (1)

Number
21(a)(ii) First mark: 2

Activation energy for the reaction is too high /
(if cooled) molecules would not have enough
energy to react / few(er) molecules have the
required Ea/more molecules have energy " Ea
at higher temperatures
OR
not (technologically) feasible to cool the gases
before they enter the converter/costly to cool
the gases
(1)
Second mark:
(cooling the gases would make) the rate (too)
slow /rate is faster if the temperature is high Cooling the
(so the gases are not cooled) gases
(1) decreases the
yield (of
products) /an
incorrect Le
Chatelier
argument
6CH02_01
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Number
21(a)(iii) Mark the two points independently, subject “Equilibrium 2

to the constraint in Reject column shifts to left”
will score (0)
Effect: for (a)(iii)
(Equilibrium) shifts to the right
ALLOW: “favours forward reaction” / “increase

the amount of product” / “increase the yield of
product”
(1)
Reason:
Shifts / moves in the direction of fewer (moles “.... fewer
of gas) molecules atoms”
ALLOW “shifts in direction of fewer moles (of

gas molecules)”
(1)
IGNORE effect on the rate

Number
21(b)(i) (In NO): +2 / 2+ (1) 2
(In NO3–): +5 / 5+ (1)
NOTE:
(In NO): Just “2”

AND
(In NO3–): Just “5” scores (1)

Number
21(b)(ii) NO3— + 4H+ + 3e— ! NO + 2H2O 1
ACCEPT multiples
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Number
21(b)(iii) Ag ! Ag+ + e(—) / Ag – e(—) ! Ag+ “Ag + e— ! 1

Ag+”
ACCEPT multiples
IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect

Number
21(b)(iv) 3Ag + NO3— + 4H+ ! 3Ag+ + NO + 2H2O 2

(2)
(1) for multiplication of the silver half-equation

by three or cq multiple from (b)(ii)
(1) for rest of equation correct if any e— are

NOTE: Equation must be completely correct for left in the
the second mark. final equation,
second mark
IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect cannot be
scored
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SECTION C

Number
22(a)(i) 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane “1-bromo-1- 1

chloro-2-
ALLOW trifluoroethane”
1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
IGNORE incorrect punctuation and incorrect

order of the halogen atoms

Number
22(a)(ii) London (forces) / instantaneous dipole / 2

induced dipole / dispersion / van der Waals’
(forces) (1)
permanent dipole (-permanent dipole) (forces)

/ dipole-dipole (forces) / dipole (forces) (1)
IGNORE any references to hydrogen bonding

Number
22(a)(iii) Any one of the following / a statement 1

equivalent to:
Ethanol is flammable Compound X is

[Note: if any reference to only the flammable
halogenoalkane being flammable scores (0)]
OR Just “to
reference to greater control of heating (e.g. prevent an
“to control the rate of reaction” / “to prevent explosion”
the reaction being too vigorous” / “to prevent
the reaction getting out of control”)
ALLOW “so that the reaction takes place Just “to
slowly” minimise the
OR risk”
“(reaction) mixture is flammable/it is
flammable”
OR
“Bunsen flame too hot / too vigorous”
OR
“(Bunsen flame) would cause too much
evaporation to occur”
OR
“(allows) constant heating”/ “even heating”
6CH02_01
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Number
22(a)(iv) Solvent (for both reactants) Just “mixing” 1

OR
To dissolve (the reactants) “to acidify the
OR silver nitrate”
To mix the reactants
ALLOW
“To enable the mixture to dissolve”

Number
22(a)(v) Cream / off-white / pale-yellow Just 1

precipitate “Yellow”
(precipitate/
ALLOW solid)
Cream / off-white / pale-yellow solid OR
IGNORE incorrect identification of this “white
precipitate precipitate”
NOTE: both colour and state (of the AgBr) OR
needed “white-yellow
precipitate”
(0) if
contradictory
observation
given, eg
“cream
precipitate
and fizzing”

Number
22(a)(vi) Ag+(aq) + Br— (aq) ! AgBr(s) If NO3— left on 1

either side
Must include state symbols
ACCEPT multiples
6CH02_01
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Number
22(b)(i) Mark independently 2
Name: ethanol (1)

ALLOW “ethan-1-ol”
Structural formula:
CH3CH2OH or C2H5OH (1) C2H6O
Allow displayed formula
ALLOW brackets around the OH

Number
22(b)(ii) Mark independently Maxwell- 3

Boltzmann
1st mark: curve scores
Energy of products, labelled, below that of (0) for (b)(ii)
reactants, labelled (1)
Note if the words ‘reactants’ and ‘products’

are written, ignore any formulae
Note if the words ‘reactants’ and ‘products’

are not written, both formulae of the reactants
and both formulae of the products must be
given. (Na+ ions can be omitted.)
2nd mark:
Shape of profile with one ‘hump’ (1)
3rd mark:
Activation energy / “Ea” correctly shown with a Double-
single-headed arrow to the peak (or close to headed arrow
it) (1) showing Ea
6CH02_01
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Number
22(c)(i) Chlorofluorocarbon 1
Accept ..flouro… spelling

Number
22(c)(ii) Any one of the following / a statement 1

equivalent to:
aerosol / propellant / spray cans pesticides /

OR (degreasing) solvent anaesthetics
OR fire retardant
just
ALLOW fire extinguishers / putting out fires “retardant”
ALLOW making expanded polystyrene / making
plastics / making polymers anti-freeze
air-
conditioning
frying pans
detergents
6CH02_01
1006
Number
22(c)(iii) Mark independently 5

QWC
1st mark: If Cl# and / or
O + O3 " 2O2 ClO# left in
IGNORE any state symbols (1) equation
OR
2O3 " 3O2
2nd mark:
(chlorine free radical acts as a) catalyst (1)
Last 3 marks:
any three from:
! (the chlorine free radical) persists in

the atmosphere / continues to attack /
is regenerated / (starts) a chain
reaction (1)
NOTE ‘chain reaction’ may be described in
terms of a chlorine radical breaking down many
/ a large number of / a specified number of, eg
10,000, O3 (molecules).
NOTE: As written, this response also earns the
scoring point relating to ozone depletion.
! less ozone / ozone decreases / causes

hole(s) in ozone layer / breakdown of
ozone (layer) / damages ozone layer /
depletes ozone layer (1)
! UV (reaching Earth’s surface) increases

/ less UV absorbed / (more) UV reaches
Earth’s surface (1)
! causes (skin) cancer/mutation / DNA Just (UV)

damage occurs (1) “harmful”
IGNORE any references to “global warming” /

“Greenhouse Effect”
6CH02_01
1006
Number
22(d)(i) The C-F bond is (very) strong Any mention of 1

OR electronegativity
C-F bond is (much) harder to break than the OR
C-Cl bond mention of bond
polarity scores
(0)
OR
UV/radiation does not have enough energy

/does not have (high) enough frequency

Number
22(d)(ii) (long wavelength) IR /infrared radiation (1) UV / 2

QWC ultraviolet
The molecule is polar

OR
(the molecule) changes its polarity
OR
“polar bonds”
OR
vibrational energy/vibrations of the bonds /
stretching or bending increases
OR
(IR causes) bonds to vibrate Just
“molecule
vibrates” (0)
(1)
Marks are stand alone
6CH02_01
1006
Fax 01623 450481

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1006
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GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
© Edexcel Ltd 2010
6CH07_01
1006
Number
1 (a)(i) Nichrome wire / platinum wire / ceramic / silica Titanium, 3

rod (1) aluminium,
Accept recognisable spelling eg platinium, nickel,
nickrome chromium,
copper,
silicon
(Concentrated /dilute) hydrochloric
acid/HCl/HCl(aq)/ solution (1)
Salt (mixed with wire and acid, and) placed in a Salt placed in
hot/blue/roaring/non-luminous/Bunsen/Bunsen Bunsen burner
burner flame (1) OR flame
alone OR burn
it

Number
1 (a)(ii) Li+ Li, Li2+,Ca, Sr, 1

Rb
Accept li+/ Li+ ions/ A is Li+ Ca2+, Sr2+, Rb+
Lithium/
Ignore (aq), (s), (l), (g) lithium ions

Number
1 (b)(i) Calcium hydroxide/Ca(OH)2 / slaked lime Calcium/Ca 1
Accept calcium oxide/CaO / quicklime CO2/CaCO3
Ignore (aq) / solution / (s) / solid
6CH07_01
1006
Number
1 (b)(ii) CO32- / HCO3- (1) CO3, CO3-, 2

Ignore separated additional cation carbonate,
hydrogencarbo
nate
Li2CO3, LiHCO3,
CaCO3 etc
Carbon dioxide gas given off (when this
carbonate /hydrogencarbonate is
heated/decomposed) (1)
Second mark depends on a recognisable

carbonate/hydrogencarbonate ie CO3, CO3-,
carbonate, hydrogencarbonate
Li2CO3, LiHCO3, CaCO3 etc

Number
1 (c)(i) Oxide / O2- Oxygen, O2, O, 1

O-
calcium oxide
/ CaO

Number
1 (c)(ii) Hydroxide / OH-/(OH-)2 (OH)2- 1
6CH07_01
1006
Number
1 (c)(iii) Mark with reference to (ii) 2
For correct answer to (ii)
Universal indicator (paper) (1)

Turns blue/purple/pH12-14 (1)
Accept other appropriate indicators
eg (red) litmus (paper) turns blue
OR
Add a suitable metal ion solution (1)
to give a correct colour of precipitate (1)
[see User Guide 2 page 17 for some details]
OR
Warm / heat with ammonium ions (1)
Alkaline gas given off/damp red litmus turns
blue/ammonia gas given off (1)
OR
Other reasonable tests with results
eg Titrate with hydrochloric acid and suitable
indicator with correct final colour
If incorrect answer to (ii) but answer as above

(1) max
If incorrect answer to (ii) with correct test and

correct result for that ion (1) max

Number
1 (d) Li2CO3 Accept Li2(CO3) LiCO3 1

OR
LiHCO3
Accept correct formula of any red flame

coloured s block metal
carbonate/hydrogencarbonate
eg Rb2CO3, CaCO3, SrCO3
6CH07_01
1006
Number
2 (a)(i) Silver((I))iodide (solid / precipitate) / AgI / Ag+I- Iodide (alone) 1

/AgI(s) Iodine
Silver ((I))
iodine
AgBr and AgI
OR Cl-/Br-/I-
Silver((I))iodide (solid / precipitate) and AgI / If both name

Ag+I- /AgI(s) and formula
are given and
either is wrong
eg Silver((I))
Iodine and AgI

Number
2 (a)(ii) C3H7I (in any order) Any answer 1

which does not
Accept additional information like additional have C3H7I
formulae somewhere

Number
2 (a)(iii) H H H Displayed or 1
| | | structural
H-C – C – C -H formula for 1-
| | | iodopropane
H I H
Accept structural formula CH3CHICH3
6CH07_01
1006
Number
2 (a)(iv) At first ignore answer to (iii) 1
Propan-2-ol / 2-propanol / CH3CH(OH)CH3 Propanol

prop-1-ol
Accept displayed formula (allow slightly C3H7OH
displaced bonds C)
|
HO
Accept skeletal formula
Allow TE from (a)(iii)

eg 1-iodopropane forms propan-1-ol

Number
2 (b)(i) Mark colours independently 2
From orange (1) yellow
To green/blue (1)
Accept shades of green eg dark green, muddy

green, green-brown

Number
2 (b)(ii) Propanone prop((-2-))one 1
Accept propan-2-one
Allow propanal/propanoic acid if TE from (a)(iv)

Number
2 (b)(iii) Oxidation / redox / oxidation and reduction Reduction 1

/ oxidation of … (eg alcohol) Condensation/
substitution/
Addition
6CH07_01
1006
Number
3 (a)(i) (Glass/graduated/volumetric/bulb)pipette (and Burette/ 1

pipette filler) pipette and
burette/
measuring
cylinder/
teat pipette/
dropping
pipette
Accept any recognisable spelling of pipette Pipate/pipotte

eg pipet, pipette etc

Number
3 (a)(ii) Starch (solution) (1) Other 2

indicators eg
Accept startch Methyl orange
/phenolph-
thalein
Blue-black/blue/black to colourless (1) Colourless to

blue-
Accept purple/blue-black to colourless black/blue/
black
Second mark depends on first

Number
3 (b)(i) 14.5(0), 13.7(0), 13.75 1

All three needed for the mark
6CH07_01
1006
Number
3 (b)(ii) The first result is discarded/ ignored/ not 1

included/a range finder
OR
Only use last two values
OR
The second and third are concordant / first
value not within 0.2 cm3
Accept:
This is the average of the second and third runs
OR
Actual correct average calculation to give
13.73/13.725

Number
3 (b)(iii) 13.73 x 0.0200 = 2.746 x 10-4 /0.0002746(mol) 1 sf 1

1000
Accept 2.7/2.75 x 10-4
Note that 13.725 gives 2.745 x 10-4
Allow TE from different calculated average titre

Number
3 (c) 1.373 x10-4 /0.0001373(mol) 1 sf (unless 1

already
Also 1.35/1.37/1.375 /1.4 x 10-4 penalised
anywhere in
Accept answer to (b)(iii) this question)
2
6CH07_01
1006
Number
3 (d) 4.58 x 10-5 /0.0000458(mol) 1 sf (unless 1

already
4.57667/4.577 x 10-5 etc penalised
anywhere in
Also 4.583/4.57/4.6(0) x 10-5 this question)
Accept answer to (c)

3

Number
3 (e)(i) Volumetric/graduated (flask) (100 cm3) 1

round
bottomed
flask/
conical flask/
measuring
cylinder

Number
3 (e)(ii) These marks are independent of flask used in (i) 3
Transfer solution and rinsings/washings (1) Make sure it is

all transferred
Make up to the mark (1)
Mixing / inverting / shaking (this must be at the

end) (1)

Number
3 (e)(iii) 4.58 x 10-4 /0.000458 (mol) 1 sf (unless 1

already
Also 4.57/4.6 x 10-4 penalised
Accept Answer to (d) x 10 anywhere in
this question)
6CH07_01
1006
Number
3 (e)(iv) 4.58 x 10-4 x 214 1 sf (unless 1

= 0.098 /0.98012 g already
penalised
Also 0.097941/0.0979 etc anywhere in
this question)
Accept answer to (e)(iii) x 214
Ignore SF

Number
3 (e)(v) 0.098 x 100 1 sf (unless 1

0.10 already
= 98 /98.0/98.01/98.012 % penalised
anywhere in
Also 97.941/97.94/97.9 % this question)
Accept answer to
(e)(iii) x100
0.10
correct answer with no working scores (1)

Ignore SF

Number
3 (f) Sulfuric acid is corrosive/irritant/irritable/burns Sulfuric acid is 1

(skin) harmful/
hazardous/
toxic
6CH07_01
1006
Number
4 (a)(i) From the equation 1 mol butan-1-ol gives 2

1 mol of 1-bromobutane / ratio 1:1 OWTTE (1)
As 80% yield, 0.125 mol of butan-1-ol gives 0.125
x 0.8 mol = 0.1 mol of 1-brombutane (1)
Accept any clear indication that they appreciate

the proportion calculation and the mole ratio
Examples:
Number of moles of butan-1-ol = 0.1 x 100 / 0.1

80 0.8
(= 0.125)
OR
Number of moles of 1-bromobutane

= 80 x 0.125
100
(= 0.1)
In both these examples ‘butan-1-ol’/

‘1-bromobutane’ as appropriate, must be
present to gain (2)
The numerical expression alone would gain (1)
OR
As above examples but additionally using molar

masses to calculate masses

Number
4 (a)(ii) 74 x 0.125 (1) 2

= 9.25 (g)
9.25 = 11.4 /11.42/11.420/11.419753 cm3 (1) 1sf

0.81
ie ignore sf unless only one
Accept 11.4 /11.42/11.420/11.419753 cm3 (2)

(with no working)
6CH07_01
1006
Number
4 (a)(iii) 0.125 x 119 = 14.875 /14.87/14.88/14.9/15 (g) 1 sf 1

Number
4 (b) Flask in beaker of labelled cold water (1) 4

Water need not be drawn in but… heated beaker
(of cold water)
Condenser with jacket (1)
Need not be labelled, can be at any angle so
long as it goes upwards
Condenser inlet and outlet with correct water

direction (1)
This mark can be given if no jacket is present
open at top and no leaks(1) stopper in the

This mark is conditional on a condenser top/tap funnel
in the top of
the condenser
unless clearly
open
Do not penalise accidental closures in drawing

or attempts to draw out perimeter of apparatus
making the condenser appear closed
If distillation set up is drawn the beaker of cold

water mark can be awarded
6CH07_01
1006
Number
4 (c)(i) Lower layer as more dense 1
Lower layer is 1-bromobutane because it is

denser
Lower layer as denser than water / butan-1-ol

Number
4 (c)(ii) To remove / neutralize / react with remaining 2

hydrochloric acid/HCl/acid/sulfuric acid/H2SO4
(1)
by reacting to form carbon dioxide (gas) (1)

Number
4 (d)(i) Distillation /fractional distillation /redistil /distil Dry/filter/or 1

/distillate anything else
Accept any recognisable spelling
Ignore further description
Allow a description which includes the words

heating / boiling followed by condensing

Number
4 (d)(ii) Measure boiling temperature of liquid {and 1

compare with Data Book value (101.7 oC)
(Pure if it agrees)}
OR
Boils at boiling temperature of liquid/
101.7 oC / boils over a very small temperature
range/ boils at one particular temperature
OR
Collect the product at 101.7 oC/ between 100
and 103 oC
6CH07_01
1006
Fax 01623 450481

6CH07_01
1006
June 2010
GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
Publications Code UA023636
© Edexcel Ltd 2010

Number
1 (a) D 1

Number
1 (b) D 1

Number
1 (c) A 1

Number
2 B 1

Number
3 C 1

Number
4 D 1

Number
5 B 1

Number
6 A 1

Number
7 (a) C 1

Number
7 (b) B 1

Number
7 (c) D 1

Number
8 B 1
Number
9 D 1

Number
10 D 1

Number
11 B 1

Number
12 A 1

Number
13 B 1

Number
14 C 1

Number
15 C 1

Number
16 A 1
Section B

Number
–5 –5 –5
17 (a)(i) 5.7 x 10 /5.71 x 10 /5.714x 10 /0.000057 1
IGNORE SF except 1 (ie don’t accept 6 x 10 –5)

Number
17 (a)(ii) C4H9Br: first order / 1 (1) 3
(going from first to second experiment)

rate doubles when concentration / number of
moles doubles (and [OH—] constant )/ rate and
concentration increase in proportion (1)
ALLOW ‘time halves’ instead of ‘rate doubles’
OH— : zero order / 0

and
(going from second to third expt) as increase in
concentration does not affect rate (and
[C4H9Br] constant ) (1)
ALLOW ‘doubling in concentration of OH—

instead of ‘increase in concentration’
ALLOW time increases by the same factor as

increase in hydroxide concentration (5/3)
May refer to experiment number rather than

concentrations

Number
17 (a)(iii) Rate = k[C4H9Br] 1

OR Rate = k[C4H9Br]1[OH—]0
ALLOW k in lower or upper case
Rate equation must be consistent with orders in

(a)(ii)
If no order is given for hydroxide in (ii) mark
cannot be given
Number
17 (a)(iv) k= 2.9 x 10-5 2

0.017
= 1.7 x 10-3 / 1.71 x 10-3 / 1.706 x 10-3 s-1
ALLOW k=1.68 x 10-3

(value obtained from experiment 2 or 3)
value of k (1)
units (1) stand alone mark
ALLOW TE from (a)(iii)

IGNORE SF except 1
Rate = k[C4H9Br]2 gives k= 0.10036 dm3 mol-1s-1
Rate = k[C4H9Br][OH-] gives k= 1.42 dm3 mol-1s-1

ALLOW k=1.39 dm3 mol-1s-1
(value obtained from experiment 2 or 3)
Rate = k[C4H9Br][OH-]2 gives k= 1184.6

dm6 mol-2s-1
Rate = k[C4H9Br]2[OH-] gives k= 83.62

dm6 mol-2s-1

Number
17(b) [OH—] is (in chemical equation but) not in rate 1

equation / not in rate determining step (so is in
a step other than rate determining step)
OR
Only C4H9Br is in rate equation / rate

determining step (so OH— is in a step other than
rate determining step)
Number
First mark
17 (c) Choice of bromoalkane must be consistent with rate equation in 3
(a)(iii).
If [OH—] is not in rate equation, secondary/tertiary
bromoalkane.
If [OH—] is in rate equation, primary/secondary bromoalkane. (1)
Second and third marks

Either SN1 or SN2 mechanism can score 2 marks regardless of
choice of bromoalkane.
Lone pairs not required
Curly arrow from C-Br bond to Br (making Br—) (1)
Curly arrow from anywhere on OH— / HO— to C+ in correct

intermediate (making alcohol) (1)
OR
Both curly arrows from OH— and from C-Br bond to Br (may both
be shown at start) (1)
Transition state including minus charge (and product) (1)
Do not penalise if C2H5 shown instead of C3H7.

Bonds in transition state can be dotted.
Do not penalise the missing H atoms in alkyl groups in
mechanism.
Number
17 (d) (Primary and tertiary) carbocation “Tertiary 2

QWC intermediates have different stabilities (1) bromoalkanes
as (inductive effects of) alkyl groups stabilise react by SN1”
tertiary carbocation (1) without
further
explanation
carbocation
intermediates
have different
OR reactivity
Steric hindrance differs for attack on primary steric

and tertiary carbon (in the molecule) / less hindrance in
space available for attack by OH— on tertiary carbocation
carbon / more space for attack by OH— on
primary carbon (1)
as bulky / three alkyl groups obstruct attack
(1)
Number
18 (a)(i) (Acid) hydrolysis substitution 1

Number
18 (a)(ii) K2Cr2O7 / Na2Cr2O7 / Cr2O72— Just 1

Potassium dichromate((VI)) / sodium “dichromate”
dichromate((VI)) / dichromate((VI)) ions
chromates
ALLOW manganate((VII)) ions, etc
Correct
formula with
wrong name
and vice versa
Incorrect
oxidation
number

Number
18 (a)(iii) Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate/ lithium Just [H—] 1

aluminium hydride/ LiAlH4 (in dry ether)

Number
18 (a)(iv) Methyl butanoate (1) Methyl 2

butoate
CH3CH2CH2COOH + CH3OH !
CH3CH2CH2COOCH3 + H2O (1)
ALLOW !
IGNORE state symbols even if wrong
Number
18 (a)(v) O C3H7 for 1

CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH3CH2CH2
Cl
Don’t penalise undisplayed methyl groups as
here.
COCl must be displayed as above.

Number
18 (b)(i) Nitrogen inert / unreactive / less reactive 1

(than oxygen)
OR
Oxygen might react with chemicals going

through column / sample might oxidise

Number
18 (b)(ii) Solubility (in liquid / stationary phase) Size of 1

molecule /
OR molar mass
Interaction with liquid / stationary phase Polarity,

unless with
OR explanation
Interaction between mobile and stationary Boiling point /

phase volatility
OR Viscosity
Attraction for liquid / stationary phase Attraction for

carrier gas
OR
Strength of (named) intermolecular forces Just a named

intermolecular
OR force
Adsorption on liquid / stationary phase Just ‘retention

time’
OR
Density
Absorption on liquid / stationary phase
Number
18 (c)(i) H O H O 2
O C CH2 C O C CH2 C
CH3 CH3
OR
H O H O
C CH2 C O C CH2 C O
CH3 CH3
Ester link including C=O (1)

Rest of polymer with oxygens at end correct (1)
All H atoms must be shown.
PENALISE lack of displayed C=O once only

ACCEPT
Without brackets around formula but bonds at
end should be shown
More than two correct units
IGNORE n after brackets

Number
18 (c)(ii) Hydrolysis 1
OR
Splits / breaks ester link Just ‘breaks

polymer down’
OR
polymer breaks down to monomers
OR
equation showing hydrolysis

Number
19 (a)(i) (Kp =) pCH3CO2H [ ] 1

pCH3OH (x) pCO State symbols
given as (l)
Partial pressure symbol can be shown in various
ways, eg pp, pCO, (CO)p, etc + in bottom
line
ALLOW p in upper or lower case, round
brackets
IGNORE units

Number
19 (a)(ii) P CH3OH = 4.9 (atm) (1) 2

P CO = 4.9 (atm) (1)
1 mark for recognition that pressures are equal
IGNORE units

Number
19 (a)(iii) Kp = ((22.2)/(4.9)2) Answers to 2

= 0.925 (1) other than 3
significant
atm—1 (1) stand alone mark but must match figures
expression used in (a)(iii)
OR
9.25 x 104 Pa—1 / 92.5 kPa—1 (2)
ALLOW TE from (a)(i) if inverted and/or (a)(ii)

Number
19 (b)(i) CH3OH: 3.2 2

CO : 3.2 (1) for both values
CH3CO2H: 46.8 (1)
ALLOW TE for moles of ethanoic acid based on

numbers of methanol and carbon monoxide
used, as long as moles of methanol and carbon
monoxide are equal and moles ethanoic acid +
moles methanol = 50

Number
19 (b)(ii) 46.8 x 32 = 28.2 / 28.1504 (atm) 28.1 1

53.2
46.8 x 32 =
IGNORE sf except 1 50
29.95 (atm)
Value = 28.16 if mol fraction rounded
ALLOW TE from (b)(i)

Number
19 (b)(iii) exothermic as yield / pp of ethanoic acid / 1

conversion of reactants/ Kp is higher at lower
temperature / as equilibrium moves (right) at
lower temperature
ALLOW
if partial pressure of ethanoic acid < 22.2 atm
in (b)(ii), endothermic as yield / pp of ethanoic
acid / conversion of reactants/ Kp is lower at
lower temperature
Number
19 (c)(i) No effect 1
and
other concentrations change to keep Kp As Kp is a
constant / Kp is only affected by temperature/ constant
as equilibrium moves (right) to keep Kp
constant / change in pressure does not change
Kp

Number
19 (c)(ii) Yield increased to restore fraction / quotient / 1

partial pressure ratio back to Kp
ALLOW (equilibrium moves) to use up the Just

methanol /answers based on entropy or Le ‘equilibrium
Chatelier moves to the
right’
Correct prediction in (c)(i) and (c)(ii) with
inadequate explanations scores 1 mark in
(c)(ii)

Number
19 (d) Mark independently 2
Reaction can occur at lower temperature / has Answer based

lower activation energy / requires less energy on car exhaust
(1) emissions
less fuel needed / fewer emissions (from fuels)
/ fewer raw materials needed / less natural
resources used (1)
OR
Enables use of an alternative process with

higher atom economy (1)
fewer raw materials needed / less natural
resources used (1)
Number
20 (a)(i) Correct answer with or without working scores 2

2 marks
[H+] = (1 .00 x 10—14/ 0.250) = 4 x 10—14 (1)
pH = (13.39794 =) 13.4 (1)
OR
pOH = -log 0.250 = 0.602 (1)
pH = (13.39794 =)13.4 (1)
ALLOW
TE in second mark if error in [H+] calculation
gives pH more than 7
3 or more sf
IGNORE rounding errors e.g. accept 13.39

Number
20 (a)(ii) (Ka =) [CH3COO—][H+] (1) [H+]2 1

[CH3COOH] [CH3COOH]
ALLOW
H30+ instead of H+
[A—][H+] if key to symbols given
[HA]
IGNORE state symbols

Number
20 (a)(iii) Correct answer with or without working scores 2

2 marks
1.7 x 10—5 = [H+]2 (1)

0.125
[H+] = 1.46 x 10—3

pH = 2.84/2.8 (1)
no TE from an incorrect [H+]

Number
20 (a)(iv) pH = 4.8 / 4.77 (1) 2
pH = pKa / [H+] = Ka (when acid is half H+ = K a

neutralized) (1)

Number
20 (a)(v) Sigmoid curve starting between pH 2 and 4 3

(2.8), ending between pH 12 and 14 inclusive
(1)
with steep rise (may be vertical or gently

sloping) of between 3 – 7 units between pH 6
and 12. Sloping section should not extend over
more than 5cm3. (1)
When 12.5 cm3, NaOH added. (1)

ALLOW tolerance for grid
Reverse curves lose first mark

Number
20 (a)(vi) First mark 2

Thymolphthalein more suitable as it changes
(from colourless to blue) in steep region of
titration (pH 8.3 to 10.6)/ at the equivalence
point / at the end point
OR
thymolphthalein has pH range in steep region
of titration (1)
Second mark
Methyl yellow changes (from red to yellow at
pH 2.9 to 4) before equivalence point / before
the end point / doesn’t change in steep section
OR
Methyl yellow has pH range before / outside
steep region of titration (1)
ALLOW ‘Thymolphthalein more suitable as it

changes at the equivalence point but methyl
yellow does not.’ This scores 2 marks
OR
First mark
pKin ± 1 must lie within vertical region on
titration curve (1)
Second mark
hence thymolphthalein is suitable and methyl
yellow is not (1)

Number
20 (b) Sodium ethanoate/ CH3COONa Use of sodium 1

Potassium ethanoate / CH3COOK hydroxide
(because it’s
ALLOW in food)
other cations as alternatives to sodium
Number
21 (a)(i) "Sosystem = 109.2 + (6x 69.9) – 343 (1) 185 2

=(+)185.6(J mol–1 K-1) / (+)186 (J mol–1 K-1) (1)
OR
(+)0.186 (kJ mol–1 K-1) (2)
IGNORE units even if incorrect
correct answer with no working scores 2
Value using 1 for H2O = -163.9 scores 1
Use of value for H2O(g) (188.7) gives

898.4 (J mol–1 K-1) (1)
correct value with incorrect sign scores 1

Number
21 (a)(ii) Yes as (solid and) liquid forms (from solid) / Disorder 1

number of moles increases increases,
with no ref to
OR liquid or
number of
If "Sosystem in (i) is negative the sign is not as moles
expected as liquid forms from solid / number
of moles increases
Number
First mark
21 (a)(iii) "Sosurroundings = –88.1 x (1000 ) (1) 2
298
Second mark
= -295.6375
= -295.6 J mol-1 K-1 (1)
correct units must be shown but order not
important
OR
-0.2956 kJ mol-1 K-1 (1)

correct units must be shown but order not
important
correct answer with or without working and

correct units scores (2)
ignore sf except 1
correct value with positive sign scores 1

Number
Answers where
21 (a)(iv) (185.6–295.6) values in J are 1
= -110 (J mol-1 K-1 ) added to kJ
OR
-0.110 ( kJ mol-1 K-1)
could use 186 or 296 etc
TE from (a)(i) and (iii)
(+)602.8 (J mol-1 K-1 ) if value for 6H2O(g) was

used in (a) (i)
-459.5 (J mol-1 K-1 ) if value for one H2O was

used in (a) (i)
Number
21 (a)(v) Decomposition (at 298 K) will not occur as 1

"Sototal is negative / Reactions are only
spontaneous if total entropy change is positive
/ decomposition not thermodynamically
feasible / (hydrated cobalt chloride) is
thermodynamically stable
TE if answer to (a)(iv) is positive showing

decomposition (at 298 K) may occur
OR
Positive total entropy change doesn’t indicate

rate of reaction

Number
21 (b)(i) First mark 2

Thermometer (1)
Second mark (dependent on first)

depends on choosing thermometer
as temperature change is small /

(%) error in balance smaller than for
temperature reading
(%) error in pipette smaller than for
temperature reading
(can be shown by calculation) /
as scale with greater degree of precision
needed / scale with more graduations needed
(1)
IGNORE any references to ‘accurate
thermometer’
Number
21 (b)(ii) Use more cobalt chloride / less water (1) Just ‘use more 2
reactants’
To increase temperature rise (1)
Use more
Mark independently cobalt
chloride and
more water
repeat expt
add a lid or
extra
insulation to
beaker
use distilled
water

Number
21 (c)(i) Radius (of cation) increases (down group) Atomic radii 4

QWC OR any two values of radius: unless ionic
Mg 2+ = 0.072, Ca 2+ = 0.100 / Sr 2+ = 0.113 (nm) radii also
data may be shown beside the table (1) given
Radius Co2+ = 0.065 nm Radius of

OR Co2+ radius smaller than other ions (1) cobalt
chloride
Data on EITHER Co2+ OR data showing increase
in radius down Group II required for BOTH of
first two marks
Force of attraction between ions decreases (as Polarising

radius of ions increases) / charge density of power
ions decreases / negative ion can come closer decreases
to nucleus of positive ion (1)
ALLOW “weaker ionic bonds”
Predict lattice energy –2550 to -2900 (kJ mol-1)

(1)
IGNORE sign
Number
21 (c)(ii) First mark 3

QWC Reference to enthalpy of hydration (may be in
equation "Hsolution = -LE + "Hhydration) (1)
Second mark
Solubility depends on relative size of lattice
energy and enthalpy of hydration (1)
Third mark
EITHER
Solubility more likely if "Hsolution is negative
OR
(If "Hsolution is positive,) may / will dissolve if

"Stotal is positive
ACCEPT solvation instead of hydration

Number
21 (d) First mark 2

QWC Third ionization energy high(er) for Mg / Mg =
7733 kJ mol–1, (third ionization energy for Co =
3232 kJ mol-1) (1)
Second mark
(Third ionization energy for Mg is high) because
the electron is being removed from an inner
shell / full shell / 2p level / 2p orbital (1)
OR
Not compensated by higher lattice energy for

Mg3+ (and so "Hformation of MgCl3 would be highly
endothermic) (1)
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 
  
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  
 
  
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

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
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   

   


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

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   

   










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
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


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
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   

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
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

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   

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



   

   


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






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
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


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

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
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

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


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

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

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   

   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 
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   
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 








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

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
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   

   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


   

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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



   

   













   

   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 






   

   
 
 
 










   

   
 
 
 

















   

  
OH2 3+
H2O OH2
V
H2O OH2
OH2


























   

   




   

   
 






   

   






































   

  
 



   

   
 


















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














   

   
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   
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  
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   
 
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   
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June 2010
GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
Publications Code UA023646
© Edexcel Ltd 2010
6CH08_01 1006 2/14

Number
1 (a) Compound contains a transition metal (ion) / Dichromate 1
Compound contains chromate((VI)) / CrO42! oxides
Allow any yellow salt (name or correct formula) Cr6+

Allow ‘transition element / metal (present)’
Ignore d block
Ignore any cation included

Number
1 (b) Sodium (ions) present / Na+ Na 1
Anion

Number
1 (c) dichromate(VI) / dichromate / Cr2O72! / Cr(VI) 1
2CrO42! + 2H+ ! Cr2O72! + H2O Cr6+
Ignore references to the other ions present

(Na+, 2H+, SO42!)
No TE

Number
1 (d) Cr2O72! / dichromate((VI))(allow Cr(VI)) is Cr6+ 2
reduced (by the ethanol) / the ethanol is
oxidized (by Cr2O72! (allow Cr(VI))) / the
ethanol forms ethanal / ethanoic acid (1)
Cr3+ / chromium(III) / Cr(III) formed (1)
Allow fully balanced ionic half-equation (2)

No TE

Number
1 (e) Precipitate Cr2O3 2
chromium(III) hydroxide / Cr(OH)3 /
Cr(OH)3(H2O)3 (1)
Solution Cr3+
chromate(III) / tetrahydroxochromate(III) / Cr3+(aq)
hexahydroxochromate(III) / Cr(OH)4! /
Cr(OH)63! (1)
Allow hydrated forms / CrO2- / CrO33-

Allow chromium hydroxide if Cr3+
Allow Cr(OH)52-
Ignore number of water ligands
6CH08_01 1006 3/14

Number
1 (f) Pale blue ions 2
Cr2+ / Cr(H2O)n2+ chromium(II) / Cr(II) (1) Cu2+
Role of zinc
Reducing agent / Reduces / Reduction /
providing electrons (1)

Number
1 (g) Green ions 2
Cr3+/ chromium(III) / Cr(III) (1)
Explanation
The Cr2+ / chromium(II) / Cr(II) (allow ‘blue
species’) is oxidized by (oxygen in) the air (1)
Ignore water ligands

Allow oxidized by oxygen
6CH08_01 1006 4/14

Number
2 (a)(i) OH / hydroxyl group present Hydroxide / 1
—
OR OH
Compound could be an alcohol / OH or a alcohol /
carboxylic acid / COOH carboxylic acid
alone

Number
2 (a)(ii) P is (an alcohol) not a carboxylic acid Alcohol 1
without three
Allow P is an alcohol if in (a)(i) P is described carbons
as “an alcohol or a carboxylic acid”
Ignore primary and/or secondary
Question Acceptable Answers Reject

Number Mark
2 (a)(iii) P contains the group CH3CH(OH)! / P is a 2-ol P is a 1
methylketone
Allow P is propan-2-ol / secondary alcohol / ethanol /
methyl alcohol

Number
2 (a)(iv) P is propan-2-ol / CH3CH(OH)CH3 Molecular 1
HO formula only
OH H
C
H3C
or CH3
No TE on earlier incorrect answer

Number
2 (a)(v) Peak is caused by (CH3CHOH )+ / C2H5O+ / Formula 2
CH2CH2OH+ (1) without
stand alone positive
charge
(molecular ion (of propan-2-ol) will fragment Breaking C-C

by) loss of one CH3 group / CH3" / CH3 radical bond on its
(1) own
Second mark can be awarded only if ion has
relative mass of 45 CH3+
Allow the molecule fragments (instead of
molecular ion)
Allow equations with charge not balanced
6CH08_01 1006 5/14

Number
2 (b)(i) Hydrogen chloride / HCl HCl and POCl3 1
Allow hydrochloric acid / HCl(aq)

Number
2 (b)(ii) Q is a carboxylic acid / COOH / Carboxylate 1
O
C
OH
Allow CO2H / propanoic acid / carboxylic alone

Number
2 (b)(iii) Q is propanoic acid / CH3CH2COOH / 1
CH3CH2CO2H / C2H5COOH
H2
OH C O
H3C C
O OH
6CH08_01 1006 6/14

Number
3 (a) Fe + 2H+ ! Fe2+ + H2 Non ionic 1
Fe + 2H3O+ ! Fe2+ + H2 + H2O equation
Ignore state symbols and correct sulfate
formulae

Number
3 (b) Effervescence / fizzing stopped/no more All iron 1
bubbles of gas given off dissolved
Allow Steamy fumes

no more gas given off (for gas)

Number
3 (c)(i) 2
Titre / 23.35 23.05 22.70 23.00 22.95 (1)
cm3
Titres " ! " ! ! (1)

used
(! or
")
Ignore omission of trailing zeros

Number
3 (c)(ii) ((23.05 + 23.00 + 22.95) ÷ 3) = 23.00 (cm3) 1
Allow 23 / 23.0
TE from (c)(i)
6CH08_01 1006 7/14

Number
3 (c)(iii) (A) Moles MnO4– (in titre) = 23.00 x10-3 x .022 4
= 5.06 x 10-4 (1)
(B) Moles Fe2+ in 250 cm3 = 10 x 5 x Answer in

(A) (= 0.0253) (1)
(C) Mass of Fe = Answer in B x 55.8 (= 0.0253 x

55.8 =1.41 (g)) (1)
(D) % iron =100 x answer in C ÷ 1.48 (= 95.4 %) % > 100 %

(1)
Ignore SF except 1 SF
Ignore correct intermediate rounding of
calculated values
Allow 56 for Ar of iron (95.7 %)
Allow TE from (c)(i) and (ii)
Correct answers with no working score full
marks

Number
3 (d) Iron(II) ions: Pipette 2
and
sulfuric acid: measuring cylinder (1)
both needed for the mark
An exact volume of iron(II) ion solution is Just pipette

needed but only an approximate volume of more accurate
/excess sulfuric acid (1) than
The second mark may be awarded if a burette measuring
and measuring cylinder are given cylinder
Allow any recognisable spelling of pipette, eg

pipet
6CH08_01 1006 8/14

Number
3 (e) To ensure that the manganate(VII) ions were To ensure 1
fully reduced (to manganese(II)) complete
Or reaction
To ensure MnO2 is not precipitated
Allow
Large number of H+ ions required in (titration)
equation
8 moles H+ ions required (per mol Fe2+ in
titration)
To prevent oxidation of Fe2+ by (oxygen in) air
or by water
To prevent hydrolysis

Number
3 (f) First permanent pink colour Purple to pink 1
Turns purple
Allow (colourless) solution turns pink

Number
3 (g) HCl / Cl! will be oxidized (to chlorine) by the HCl / Cl! 2
manganate(VII) strong
OR reducing agent
HCl / Cl! will react with manganate(VII) to / oxidised by
form chlorine (1) Fe2+
Just chlorine
formed
So the reaction of the iron(II) ions with Titration

manganate(VII) will not be quantitative/titre values
will be too high (1) inaccurate
Allow permanganate / manganate (for

manganate(VII))
Ignore references to toxicity of chlorine
6CH08_01 1006 9/14

Number
4 (a) Amount of phenylamine = 9/93 / 0.0968 (mol) 2
(1)
= amount of ethanoic anhydride
Mass ethanoic anhydride =102 x 9/93 = 9.87 (g)

(1)
Ignore SF except 1 SF
Correct answer with no working scores full
marks
Mr values reversed scores max 1 only if a mole
calculation is clearly shown

Number
4 (b)(i) To ensure that all the phenylamine reacts So ethanoic 1
anhydride is in
excess
To ensure
complete
reaction

Number
4 (b)(ii) Reaction is exothermic / produces heat 1
Allow
reaction is vigorous
so that the temperature does not increase (too
much)
Ignore references to the reaction being violent,
dangerous, explosive etc
6CH08_01 1006 10/14

Number
4 (b)(iii) Mistake: 4
The condenser water flow is wrong way round
so air may be trapped/jacket will not be full of
water (1)
Allow
cooling not so effective / flammable liquid
might escape
Correction
Reverse the flow of water (1)
Mistake:
Flammable liquids are being heated with a
Bunsen/naked flame (1)
Correction
so the Bunsen burner should be replaced by a
hot plate (allow water bath) (1)
OR
Mistake:
Heating with a Bunsen too strong (so glass may
crack) (1)
Correction
Use micro-burner/gauze (1)
6CH08_01 1006 11/14

Number
4 (b)(iv) 3
Funnel (conical allowed) with grid / line /

horizontal filter paper (1)
Side-arm conical flask (with valve or
connection to a pump) (1)
Reduced pressure achieved by:

Flow of water through the pump/valve/can be
shown in diagram (reduces pressure in the
flask) (1)
Allow using a (vacuum / suction) pump

connected to side-arm (connection may be
shown in diagram)(1)

Number
4 (c) Mass of N-phenylethanamide if 100% yield 100 x 7.49/9 2
= 135 x 9/93 (1) = 13.06 g = 83.2 % (0)
Yield = 100 x 7.49/13.06 = 57.3 % (1)
Alternatively
Moles phenylamine =9/93 = 0.0968
Moles N-phenylethanamide = 7.49/135 = 0.0555
(1)
Yield = 100 x .0555/.0968 = 57.3 % (1)
Correct answer with no working scores (2)
Ignore sf except 1 sf
Yields greater than 100 % score zero
6CH08_01 1006 12/14

Number
4 (d) Some of the N-phenylethanamide will remain 1
on the filter paper/will be deposited on the
sides of the glassware/in solution (and will not
be recovered by filtration)

Number
4 (e) The product was not dry / was damp / water 1
(still) present
Ignore reference to impurities present
6CH08_01 1006 13/14

Fax 01623 450481
Order Code UA023646 Summer 2010

6CH08_01 1006 14/14

Chem June 2010 MS

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Mark Scheme (Results)

GCE Chemistry (6CH01/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link:

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Ignore (labelling of) nucleus unless incorrect

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Allow electron number as sub script

Allow orbitals as capital letters

Allow TE from (a) (i) if Ca atom or Ca+ ion

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

And the ratio of protons : electrons has greater nuclear

15 (a)(iv) Any two from: 2

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

15 (b)(i) Because the ions are free to move (when a Electrons / 1

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Ignore any discussion of reasons

(could select either the calcium ion because it

15 (b)(iii) Mass of calcium ions in 1 kg = 0.100 x 40 (= 4.0) 2

If mass quoted must be correct to score first

Hence 4.0 g per 1000 g of solution

Hence 4.01 g per 1000 g of solution

Correct answer alone = 2 marks

Allow TE for second mark from incorrect mass

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

15 (c) (Sulfur / nitrogen oxides) form when (fossil) from factories 3

They (react with water to) form sulfuric /

Which reacts with limestone (to form soluble

Allow correct equation for third mark but

16 (a) Atoms (of an element) with the same number 2

But with different number of neutrons (1)

Same atomic number but different mass

Element(s) with same number of protons but

Ignore comments on electrons unless incorrect

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

16 (b)(i) (Electric field) accelerates ions 1

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

if the term ‘ions’ is missing or an incorrect

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

16 (c) % abundance = (135 x 9.01 + 136 x 10.81 + 137 2

Allow TE for one slip in transfer of data from