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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
like bearings, D.C. Generator, springs, chain, Flywheel, PVC Pipe and
Freewheel.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
CHAPTER 3
CONSTRUCTION
3.1 THEORY
The steps are 6 in no. & 30cm x 12cm in size crafted out of 6mm
thickness MDF sheets. Which are supported from Underneath with
support bans crafted out of 8mm MDF sheets & approx.19mm long with a
pivot joint situated at 17cm. These steps are pivoted to main frame at fix
element of 12 cm with the help of screws. The main frame is constructed
with 12mm MDF sheets & in 63cm long &7 cm wide. These are two
sheets of above mentioned size placed at a distance of 19 cm with the
help of studs .The two support that holds steps are held with the main
frame, one of the supports extends to 7cm at an angle 45˚. This extended
support is fitted across motion limitation that allows the steps swivel
through 20˚ only .The extended support is held to become to the main
frame using elastic limits.
Odd & even numbered steps are connected for forcing two set of
steps, with the help of nylon strings. The nylon string runs over a pulley
situated at the lower end of main frame. The main frame is made to a
slant of 45˚using a support frame crafted out of 12 mm MDF sheet of size
55mm x 5mm fitted at other end of main frame. The strings running over
the pulley are connected directly with the chain that is connected with the
main frame using flexible tensile. This chain runs over freewheel. These
strings freewheel & chain arrangement is done in two numbers for two
sets of steps. These two freewheels are mounted on the PVC pipe which
in connected to bearings at each ends. These bearings are mounted with
a sub frame to the mainframe. At one end of PVC pipe a 24mm thick &18
cm dia. flywheel is connected made out of MDF sheets.
On this flywheel is supported with d.c generator with a floating
truck. The generator rubber bush on the shaft which messes physically
with the periphery of the fly wheel the d.c generator is connected with
L.E.D to show electricity generation.
3.1.1 BODY
3.1.1.3 Studs
3.1.4 FREEWHEEL
3.1.5 FLYWHEEL
braking curve. (most small DC motors have very low mass/weight and will
stop very rapidly when the power feed is removed) The flywheel gives the
model more momentum resulting in more prototypical behavior and a
different `driving experience'. It does not take long to learn the
acceleration and braking characteristics of a model with flywheel(s) fitted
and once mastered they are much easier to drive in a prototypical manner
than models without flywheel(s).
3.1.6 CHAIN
Bicycle chain, chain that transfers power from the pedals to the
drive-wheel of a bicycle thus propelling it
A chain is a series of connected links. This article is about the
literal, physical chain. A chain may consist of two or more links.
A chain is usually made of metal.
Those designed for transferring power in machines have links
designed to mesh with the teeth of the sprockets of the machine,
and are flexible in only one dimension. They are known as Roller
chains, though there are also non-roller chains such as block chain
3.1.8 ACCESSORIES
3.1.8.1 NYLON THREAD
3.1.8.2 SPRING
This law actually holds only approximately, and only when the
deformation (extension or contraction) is small compared to the rod's
overall length. For deformations beyond the elastic limit, atomic bonds get
broken or rearranged, and a spring may snap, buckle, or permanently
deform. Many materials have no clearly defined elastic limit, and Hooke's
law cannot be meaningfully applied to these materials.
Rubber bands are made by extruding the rubber into a long tube to
provide its general shape, putting the tubes on mandrels and curing the
rubber with heat, and then slicing it across the width of the tube into little
bands. While other rubber products may use synthetic rubber, rubber
bands are primarily manufactured using natural rubber because of its
superior elasticity. It is used for regaining the position of chain on
freewheels
It is used for making the proper contact with the flywheel. It is fixed
in the shaft of the D.C. Generator.
3.1.8.5 LED
CHAPTER 4
WORKING
It consists of six steps, as the steps of stair case unit. All the steps
are coupled to the big size sprocket wheel, which in turn is coupled to the
small sprocket wheel through the chain drive. The small sprocket wheel in
turn is coupled to the ratchet wheel, which allows only the uni-directional
rotation of the ratchet sleeve shaft. Similarly all the remaining two big
sprocket wheels are coupled to the same single shaft through the
separate chain drive individually.
chain rotates the freewheel thus the freewheel rotate the fly wheel thus
the linear motion of step is converted into rotary motion of flywheel which
run the generator thus running the generation converted this mechanical
energy into electrical one.
common shaft. The common shaft is installed with the freewheel which is
also called as unidirectional ratchet, which allows only unidirectional
motion of the chain drive when the person is stepping on the step. While
retaining of the step the ratchet will rotate as a free wheel. The
summation of all the rotational energy will keep on adding to have
collective rotation of the main or common shaft. The main shaft is coupled
with the flywheel with the help of a round cross sectional leather belt. The
flywheel stores energy during stepping condition and keeps on uniform
rotation. The flywheel shaft is coupled with the generator to generate the
power. This power can be stored in the lead acid battery set and can be
reutilized for other domestic as well as commercial purposes as per the
need of the customer.
CHAPTER 5
FABRICATION
Most blades are carbon steel, 2 to 3-1/2 in. long and either 1/4 in.
wide for making tight radius cuts or 3/8 in. wide for general-purpose
cutting. Orbital cutting action. If you’ve ever rocked a handsaw up and
down while cutting a board or firewood, you’ve noticed how this speeds
the cutting action. Jigsaws with this feature have dialed settings that
change the pitch of the blade from straight up and down for metal cutting
to angle forward for aggressively cutting wood.
Longer blade stroke. Using a jigsaw that delivers a 1-in. long blade
stroke will get you through a job faster than using a saw with a 1/2-in.
long stroke. Blade guides. Saws so equipped have a pair of rollers or
other guides below the blade clamping assembly to steady the blade for
less bending and greater accuracy.
5.2 DRILLING
CHAPTER 6
COSTING OF MODEL
6.1 COST
A process design is not complete until one good idea of the cost
required to manufacturing the product generally the cost (lowest) design
will be successful in free market place. So on understanding of the
element that makeup cost is vital.
They are the cost of those factors which can be directly attributed
to the manufacturing of a specific product. These include cost of material,
power and labour.
This are one time cost or Non recurring cost which include
depreciable facilities such as plant building or manufacturing equipment
tool and non depreciated capital cost. Such as land, capital cost is
determined by distributing the major machine and tool cost any hourly
basis or among the plate piece produced.
The total cost of a product is the direct cost of manufacturing the
production and any direct cost associated with the manufacturing the
product in order to process engineer to use cost data as a tool to help in
analysis manufacturing problem cost any be more convenient grouped as
fixed cost and variable cost.
This include initial cost such as cost of tooling, setting of etc. and
also the interest and depreciation cost which are independent of the
quantity of the product manufactured.
Variable cost are those cost which are varying as the quantity of
product manufactured carries this includes the direct labour, power,
material and also that part of the direct cost which will vary as well as
production varies. The total cost of a product can also equal to the
summation of the fixed and variable cost.
6.1.7 OVERHEADS
SELLING PRICE
Total cost + Profit = Selling Price
Sub.
Total: 6480.00
Direct labour
Labour Cost - 800.00 Rs
Direct Manufacturing cost
Machining Cost - 2000.00 Rs.
CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES
Simple mechanism
CHAPTER 8
APPLICATION
AIRPORTS
SHOPPING MALL
JOGGING PARK
Flyover
CHAPTER 9
FURTHER IMPLIMENTATION
We may patterning of two stairs and attach a fly wheel so that its
efficiency will be double, and as the number of similar parts will be
more , its cost will reduce.
CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
http:// www.alternative-energy-news.info/ambient-energy-generator-
technology/ -
http:// www.online-witness.com/Top/Science/273.html -
http://www.societyofrobots.com/electronics_led_tutorial.shtml
http://www.nedis.com/Articles/S.K.F./W1-04501.php
http://dansbmx.co.uk/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=3_64
http://www.physics4spm.com/2009/06/spm-physics-ac-generator.html
http://www.ehow.com/how_5768166_fix-irrigation-pipe.html