Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Frameworks Introduction
The table on next page is an abstract of useful frameworks and tools in
Business. You can apply these frameworks to understand better about
marketing, business case analysis.
Opportunity Assessment:
Always “think internal and
external factors”
- BCG matrix
- Assess valuation / Net Present Value
maximization
Competitive Analysis 3C’s (Customer, Company, Competition)
SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
Marketing Strategy 4P’s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place)
Required Requires large and dedicated Requires ability to identify and deliver
Capabilities manufacturing facilities. Lean overhead. on non-price based purchase criteria.
You need strong marketing, flexible
manufacturing, etc.
Examples Grain, gold, paper, floppy disks, Breakfast cereal, formal attire, wine
transportation
Internal Considerations
9 Core competencies of the firm
9 Company mission and goals (consider its objectives for employees, the community,
the environment, technology, etc.)
9 Company organizational structure
9 Firm resources (labor, technology, internal systems)
Environmental Factors
9 Industry trends (including a five forces analysis)
9 Constraints (government regulations, laws, union/labor agreements, societal
pressures, etc.)
9 Competitor activities (plans for expansion, financial strength, etc.)
Phase 1
On this phase, the focus should be on R&D and engineering. You should refer to product definition
and need generation with little or no competition.
Phase 3
This phase focuses on manufacturing and cost. Prices fall and competition intensifies.
Phase 4
High cost and low share competitors exit. This phase focuses on being low-cost or niche player.
Product
I. Must fit within positioning decision and market segmentation (e.g. high end, low
end; consumer, industry)
II. Differentiated good vs. commodity
III. Features and capabilities
IV. Reliability, quality, brand name, reputation
V. Packaging, size
VI. Service, warranties
VII. Future strategy for the product
Placement (Distribution)
I. Channel (decision based on product specifics, level of control desired and
margins desired)
II. Coverage - tradeoff between coverage levels and costs
III. Inventory - levels, turnover, carrying costs
IV. Transportation - alternatives, efficiencies, costs
Promotion
I. The Buying Process:
A. Consumer awareness for the product
B. Interest for the product
C. Trial
D. Repurchase
E. Loyalty
II. Select sales method: Pull (advertising...) or Push (discount to distributor...)
III. 5 categories of promotional efforts:
A. Advertising: medium, reach (share of target market reached) and frequency
(number of times reached).
B. Personal Selling: when direct contact with buyer is needed.
C. Sales Promotion: Incentives to consumer, sales force and channel members.
BeBeyond Career Workshop, Shanghai
Copyrights 2006, BeBeyond, Inc., Strictly Confidential
www.BeBeyond.com Tel: 021-6422 8530
Æ Consumer incentives: coupons, refunds, samples, premiums, and contests.
Æ Trading force incentives: Sales contest, Point of purchase displays, spiffs
(payments to dealers), trade shows, franchise reputation, in-store
demonstrations.
D. Public Relations and Publicity.
E. Direct sales.
Price
I. Considers both retail price and discounts.
II. What strategy? MC=MR? Skim (high price, make profits now)? Penetrate (low
price, gain market share)?
III. Seek volume or profits?
IV. Perceived value, cost-plus-margin pricing?
V. How does price relate to the market, size, product life cycle, and competition?
VI. Economic incentives to channel (commissions, margin).
VII. Establishes barriers to entry.