Chapter 5

1. what is the purpose of Boolean algebra?

Boolean algebra provides a mathematical model for a logical decision; a logical decision is a decision
which can have only one of two possible outcomes, YES or No

2. explain how a Boolean equation represents a logical decision. Use an example if this will help.

Every logical problem has one or more conditions which must be met. The decision will be TRUE if the
conditions are all met, and FALSE if any one condition is not met.

3. how is an electrical circuit like a Boolean equation?

4. define A*B; A+B; A

Chapter 6

1. what is the difference between a ladder logic diagram and a circuit diagram?

A ladder logic diagram shows all of the possible conditions that exist in an electrical circuit. It is used for
describing a circuit to the computer in a PLC and can be thought of as a program

2. identify all the parts of the ladder logic diagram in figure 6-8

3. identify the following as TRUE or FALSE;

 There may be multiple outputs on a single ladder rung

 There may be multiple inputs on a single ladder rung
 A ladder logic diagram must have as many distinct elements as the circuit describes
 There is no relationship between a ladder logic diagram and a Boolean equation
 An output element may control as many rungs in a program as the programmer desires

4. what is rung in a ladder logic diagram?

Each of the horizontal rows on the diagram is called a rung. The two vertical lines represent the positive
and negative connections to the power source.

5. what is the branch used to indicate in a program?

The branch is part of the rung to which it is connected

6. draw a ladder logic diagram that will meet the following conditions:

 When input I:0/0 turns on, output O:0/4 turns on

 When input I:0/1 turns on, output O:0/5 turns on.
Chapter 7

1. list the three subsystems of the microLogix PLC training system.

An IBM-compatible computer using MSwindows base OP syst

A 1761-CBLPM02 interface cable

And; a micrologix PLC training sytem featuring the Allen-Bradley 1761-L16BWA processor

2. list two ways to programming the MIcroLogix PLC.

Using PC based software, RSLOgix 500

Handheld programmer (HHP)

3. what are the computer hardware and system requirements for programming with the Rockwell
RSLogix 500 software?

Pentium III or better processor; 256 MB of ram or more; 100MB available disk space; VGA monitor

4. what is the function of the 1761-CBLPM02

Interface cable – an RS-232 to PLC interface cable

5. describe the standard I/O configuration of the 1761-L16BWA micrologix processor.

6. List six of instructions programmed into ladder logic rungs.

Relay logix (bit) instruction

Timers and counters

Comparison instructions

Move and logical instructions

Bit shift and sequencer instructions

7. describe what happens during the operating cycle.

During controller operations, the processor executes the Ladder Logic instructions individually, rung by
rung, to the end of the program. As it does, it updates status bits according to the new instructions. This
is called a scan and is repeated many times a second. Andoperationg cycle consists of two parts:
program scan and the I/O scan

In an I/O scan, the data associated with external outputs is transferred from the output file to the ouput
terminals. In addition, input terminals are examined and the associated status bits in the input data file
are change according to the new instructions

In a program scan, the updated status of the external input device is applied to the user program. The
processor executes the entire list of instructions in ascending rung order. Status bits are updated
according to logical continuity rules as the program scan moves from instruction through successive
ladder rungs.

The I/O scan and program scan are separate, independent function. Any status changes occurring in
external input devices during the program scan are not accounted for until the next I/O scan. Similarly,
data changes associated with external outputs are not transferred the outputs until the next I/O scan.
The only exception to this process occurs when the immediate output instructions interrupt the
program scan.

Chapter 8

1. what is the purpose of RSLINX?

Steps on running quicly with RSlogix 500

2. what “drivers” do you use with RSLINX?

Select RS-232 DF1 driver

Com port COM1

3. what “drivers” do you use with RSLOGIX?

Driver to AB_DF1-1

4. explain the editing and monitoring differences between “online” and “offline” when using the
RSLOGIX software?

Editing: create and/or edit multiple rungs at a time

Enter addresses before you actually crate data table files for your I/O
Enter symbols before you have assigned addresses for them in the database.

Enter instructions without having to provide addresses until just before file validation occurs

5. this PLC training system uses which Allen-Bradley processor?

6. what is the advantage of “MAPPING”?

You can jump to any rung in your project by clicking the search menu, and then clicking Goto. You can go
to a rung in the current program file or you can go to to a rung in another program file within the same
project.

RSLogix 500 lets you map any available alphabetic key (A-Z) on your computer keyboard to a ladder logic
programming instruction

7. what is “BRANCHING”?

Add a branch

Move a branch

Expand a branch

Nested branches

Parallel branches

Copy

Delete branch

8. what is the “UNDO operation?

The UNDO reverses your last action. You can use this to walk through (and UNDO) your previous actions
one at a time. RSLOGIx 500 remembers up to 200 previous actions.
Chapter 9

1. what are the functions of the input and output elements In a controller?

2. what are the two types of input elements and what are their programming keystrokes? How are they
different?

The input device is a switch and the ouput device is a light for this example

3. what type of element is represented by “O:0/4” and what is its programming keystrokes?

External output at 0/4

4. draw a ladder logic diagram for the following:

 Normally open input I:0/1 controls output O:0/3

 Normally closed input I:0/0 controls output O:0/1
 Output O:0/1 is controlled by normally open input I:0/7

5. list the keystrokes in the correct order for the following ladder logic diagrams:

Chapter 10

1. what in an internal relay used for?

A relay is an electro-mechanical device that takes a single input and converts it into many outputs.
Relays are used to control other relays and output devices.

An internal relay is a logical relationship within the ladder logic. It is not a physical device, it does not
turn on any outputs in the output module. Instead, an internal relay is used to control other rungs of a
program

2. how are internal relay coils addressed in a micrologix 1000?

The addresses assigned to PLC internal relays – as a BIT data file (B3:0/0 through B3:31/15) for a total of
512 available addresses.

To enter an internal relay coil at the end of the rung, use the following keystrokes:

Output energized then the address (B3:0/0 through B3:31/15

3. respond to the following as either TRUE or FALSE

  Internal relay elements make a program harder to change FALSE
 A relay coil element will energize any input element with the same address.
 Internal relays may only have normally open contacts.
 Internal relays are rarely used in PLC programs. FALSE

4. explain the operation of the program in fig. 10-9

5. write a program in which a normally closed input, when energized, turns on tow lights. Also a
normally open input, when energized must turn off three lights. All outputs must be controlled by the
relay elements. Provide both the ladder logic diagram and the programming keystrokes.

Chapter 11

1. draw a ladder logic diagram that has three normally open input elements ANDed together to activate
an output.

2. draw a ladder logic diagram which has three normally open inputs ORed together at activate an
output

3. draw a single ladder logic diagram and give the keystroke sequence for the operations described
below:

 Input element I:0/0 or input elements I:0/1 and I:0/2 and input elements I:0/3 turn on output
element O:0/2
 Input elements I:0/3 and I:0/6 or input elements I:0/3 and I:0/4 and not input elements I:0/5
turn on output element O:0/1

Chapter 12

1. what is the purpose of a latching instruction?

A latching relay can be used to keep the output device activated.

Latching circuit or operation holding circuit.

2. explain the similarities and differences between latching relays and set instructions.

Include comments about how each releases its hold on an operation

Instruction for latching and unlatching are called OUTPUT LATCH (OTL) and OUTPUT UNLATCH (OUT)
3. why must there be a separate input element to unlatch a latching relay or latching instruction?

4. redraw the ladder logic diagram in fig 12-10. Use the latching/ unlatching instructions and provide
complete keystroke sequence.

5. explain operation.

Chapter 13

1. explain the similarities and differences between on-delay and off-delay tiemers

The on-delay timer waits for its input element to be energized before it starts timing.

The off-delay timer waits for its input element to be de-energized before it starts timing.

Timers measure time in increments determined by the time base.

2. respond with TRUE or False

 A retentive timer automatically restarts its timing cycle every time it is turned off
 The preset value indicates the length of time before a timer will change the status of its output
elements
 The accumulated value shows the number of time units counted at any given point in the timing
cycle
 A reset command keeps the timer as long as the reset is activated.
 One timer can never be used to reset itself and another timer.

RTO instruction retains its accumulated value when any of the following occurs:

Rung conditions become false;

You change controller operation from the REM RUN or REM TEST mode to the REM Program mode;

The controller loses power

A fault occurs

Chapter 14

Counters are devices which activate a circuit after some pre-defined number of events have occurred

Two values important: the preset value PR and the accumulated value