Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Events and trends that influence the status of the health care system.
o Demographic changes
o Health workforce trends
o Technological trends
Identify current health care system problems associated with cost, quality, and access
to care.
Strategies used by culturally competent nurses to provide care that reflects the clients’
values are:
o Cultural preservation
o Cultural accommodation
o Cultural repatterning
o Cultural brokering
o Social organization
o Time perception
o Environmental control
o Biological variations
o Nutrition. Dietary practices
o Socioeconomic factors and culture
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Define Epidemiology
o Descriptive epidemiology
o Analytic epidemiology
Explain how nurses use epidemiology in community health practice. Nurses in the
community are involved in surveillance and monitoring of disease trends and can identify
patterns of disease in a group. Nurses collect, report, analyze, interpret, and communicate
epidemiologic data as part of their daily practice. Nursing documentation on patient
charts and records is an important source of data for epidemiologic reviews.
Chapter 11: Using Health Education and Group Process in the Community
Group concepts. Community groups represent the collective interests, needs, and values
of individuals, linking individuals to the larger social system. Understanding the
community and assessing its health begin by identifying groups and their place in the
community structure. Through community groups, nurses help people identify priority
health needs and capabilities and make valuable community changes.
Promoting health through group work. Health behavior is influenced by the groups to
which people belong, and people usually consider the responses of others when making
decisions regarding personal welfare.
o Established groups
o Selected membership groups
Educational issues
o Population considerations
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Age. Children, adults, and older adults have different learning needs and
responses.
o Pedagogy is a set of learning strategies for children and individuals with little
knowledge about a particular topic.
o Andragogy is a system of learning strategies for adults, older adults, and
individuals with some knowledge about a topic.
o Culture. Education should be related to the cultural background of the client.
Multilinguistic presentation of materials needs to be available to provide
culturally competent health education
Define Community
The goal of community-oriented practice is community health. Common characteristics
include:
o status,
o structure, and
o process
Most changes aimed at improving community health involve partnerships between health
care providers and community residents. Community partnership is crucial because
community members and professionals who are active participants have a vested interest
in the success of efforts to improve the health of their community
o Data generation
o Database analysis
Implementing for community health. This phase includes the work and activities aimed at
achieving the goals and objectives
Evaluating intervention for community health. Evaluation is the appraisal of the effects of
some organized activity or program. It begins in the planning phase of community action
when goals and measurable objectives are established and goal-attaining activities are
identified.
Definition of disaster
Response is organized actions taken to deal with a disaster. The primary agencies involved
in disaster response include:
o The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): The level of disaster
determines FEMA response. FEMA’s assistance is not needed in many small
disasters, such as single-family home fires. In these cases, the American Red
Cross and other voluntary agencies assist victims.
o American Red Cross
o the Salvation Army
o many church denominations, and other voluntary organizations
o
The American Red Cross has three ways a disaster can be classified:
o disaster type,
o disaster level, and
o disaster scope.
The role of the nurse in disaster response depends a great deal on the nurse’s past
experience, role in community preparedness, specialized training, and special interest.
Although nurses in community health have expertise in community assessment, case
finding and referring, prevention, health education, surveillance, and working with
aggregates, those skills will be set aside to deal with life-threatening problems first.
Triage: the process of separating casualties and allocating treatment based on the victim’s
potential for survival. Categories:
o Red
o Yellow
o Green
o Black
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Recovery is the stage of a disaster when all involved agencies pull together to restore the
economic and civic life of a community. The role of the nurse in disaster recovery is
varied. Flexibility is essential in the recovery operation. Nurses also need to observe for
environmental health hazards during the recovery phase, such as faulty housing
structures, lack of water or electricity, or disease-carrying animals. Case finding and
referral are critical during the recovery phase and may continue for a long time.