Microsoft Excel Tutorial 5

1. Use Excel to enter the table and graph shown below. Divide a circle (360 degrees) into 20 equal
sections. Find the angle in degrees at each point and convert the angle into radians to find the SINE and
COSINE of that angle. Label the columns and format the numbers in the cells as indicated below.

Formula used => =A2*360/20 =B2*Pi()/180 =SIN(C2) =COS(C2)

Point No Degrees x (radians) sin(x) cos(x)
0 0 0.00 0.00 1.00
1 18 0.31 0.31 0.95
2 36 0.63 0.59 0.81
3 54 0.94 0.81 0.59
4 72 1.26 0.95 0.31
5 90 1.57 1.00 0.00
6 108 1.88 0.95 -0.31
7 126 2.20 0.81 -0.59
8 144 2.51 0.59 -0.81
9 162 2.83 0.31 -0.95
10 180 3.14 0.00 -1.00
11 198 3.46 -0.31 -0.95
12 216 3.77 -0.59 -0.81
13 234 4.08 -0.81 -0.59
14 252 4.40 -0.95 -0.31
15 270 4.71 -1.00 0.00
16 288 5.03 -0.95 0.31
17 306 5.34 -0.81 0.59
18 324 5.65 -0.59 0.81
19 342 5.97 -0.31 0.95
20 360 6.28 0.00 1.00
Notes
• PI() – This is a function that returns the value of Pi, 3.14159.
• Radians – another measure of angle, 2*Pi Radians = 360 Degrees
• Enter the formula into the first cell for each column, then copy and paste to the other rows.
• Create a scatter plot chart of sin(x) and cos(x) as shown below

Graph of Sin(x) & Cos(x) sin(x) cos(x)

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20 0.00 3.14 6.28
-0.40
-0.60
-0.80
-1.00
x (radians)

2. Under ideal conditions in the laboratory the number of cholera bacteria in a sample can double every
half hour. Move to sheet 2 of your workbook and create a column of times t from 0 to 48 hours in half
hour steps (you should have 97 entries). Now create an adjacent column containing the number of
bacteria at any time – start with a single bacterium at time t = 0. (You should create a formula which
 doubles the cell above, and then copy it.) Note the format of the numbers which are shown – basically
Excel uses standard scientific notation as a default when numbers are very large or very small – if there
is a problem use Format Cells appropriately. Label the columns appropriately.

The mass of a single bacterium is approximately 1 × 10−15 kg. Create a third column which evaluates the
total mass of bacteria at any time – to enter 1 × 10−15 in Excel you type 1*10^(-15) (alternatively you may
type 1E-15). If a single bacterium infected you and your body’s defences did not kill any – how long
(approximately) would it be before your body weight was doubled by the bacteria multiplying within?

Now suppose that the bacteria are growing inside a human body where the defences seem reasonably
effective and kill half of the new bacteria each generation. This means that the number of bacteria now
multiply by a factor of 1.5 every half hour. Repeat your calculations in 2 new columns and note the
number and mass of bacteria after 48 hours. Is cholera a nasty disease? Ensure all columns are labelled
appropriately.

Using the laboratory data create a scatter plot (with points joined by a smooth curve with markers) to
show how the bacteria population varies over the first 6 hours. This chart should be positioned on your
worksheet next to the data columns with an appropriate title, legend and axis labels visible. Add a plot
of the second bacteria population (with the restricted growth) to the same chart – to compare the growth
rates.

Although this doubling process is convenient on a spreadsheet it may be quicker at times to use
appropriate mathematical functions. The exponential function may be used to approximate this type of
population growth. Create a column of values of e1.3863t where t is time and compare these with the
populations in your second column – what do you notice?. (In Excel the formula =exp(1.3863*A2) will
evaluate the exponential function for the value of t held in cell A2 – this may then be copied down.)

3. (If you have time.) Excel may also be used to simulate drug concentration in the bloodstream using the
exponential function. In sheet 3 column A create a column of times t from t=0 to t=168 in steps of 1 (1
week in hours). Now suppose a drug administered intravenously produces a concentration of 100 mg/L
at t=0 which decays with a half life of 8 hours – the formula for the concentration is 100e −0.08664 t .
Evaluate the drug concentration produced by this dose (=100*exp(-0.08664*A2) and copied down) in
the second column (B). Now suppose a second dose is administered after 8 hours – in the third column
(C) enter the formula =100*exp(-0.08664*A2) but starting 8 rows down (i.e. directly across from t=8 in
cell C10) and copy it down. Now suppose a third dose is administered after another 8 hours – in the
fourth column enter the formula =100*exp(-0.08664*A2) but starting 16 rows down (i.e. directly across
from t=16) and copy it down. Repeat this procedure dropping down 8 rows each time until you have
administered a total of 12 doses. You should be in column M starting at t=88 – each column should
contain the same values (starting at 100) but offset each time by 8 rows. Each column gives the
concentration produced by one dose – to evaluate the total concentration in the blood at any time you
must add across all of these. In column N produce the total concentration by adding across columns B to
M. Create a scatter plot of the total concentration against time joining the points by (straight) lines
without markers. This show a typical drug concentration profile – oscillating but with a rising trend until
a steady state is reached and then decaying away when the dosing stops.

Please save this workbook (in the folder called MA1120_ExcelExercises) with a relevant file name such as
k0123456_Excel_Ex5.xls (where k0123456 should be replaced by your ID number). Please save it using the default format
Excel 97 – 2003 Spreadsheet – for compatibility with previous versions of Excel.
• Then in Blackboard go into the MA1120 module and select ‘assignments’ – then under ‘IT Excel 5’ click on
View/Complete Assignment: IT Excel 5
• Add any comments that you wish please include your name and ID number – then use ‘Browse’ to locate the file you
have just created: k0123456_Excel_Ex5.xls
• With this file selected click on ‘add another file’
• Then click ‘submit’ to submit your file (the operation of the alternatives: ‘save’ and ‘cancel’ is clearly explained).
Please note you may only press ‘submit’ once – and so only submit one version of your file, so please be sure that you
are ready to submit when you click the button (you can ‘save’ or ‘cancel’ as many times as you wish).