Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write

complete sentences to define the following words.

1. Diversity
CHAPTER 1 2. Function
3. Inquiry
4. Structure
BIOLOGY IN THE 21ST 5. Issue
6. Biology
CENTURY 7. Biosphere
8. Biodiversity
9. Biotechnology

Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write

complete sentences to define the following words. S.C Biology I Standards
• B-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific
inquiry and technological design, including mathematical analysis,
1. Diversity variety can be used appropriately to pose questions, seek answers, and
2. Function an activity or job develop solutions.
• B-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure
3. Inquiry asking questions, investigation and function of cells and their organelles.
4. Structure the way parts are assembled • B-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the flow of
5. Issue topic of discussion or debate energy within and between living systems.
• B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular
6. Biology scientific study of life
basis of heredity.
7. Biosphere all life on earth and where it lives • B-5: The student will demonstrate an understanding of biological
8. Biodiversity different types of life on earth evolution and the diversity of life.
9. Biotechnology the use of living things • B-6: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the
interrelationships among organisms and the biotic and abiotic
components of their environments.

KEY CONCEPT Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life.

Biology is the study of all forms of life. • The biosphere includes all living things and all the places
they are found.

biosphere = everywhere life exists

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The biosphere includes . . . Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life.
• Every part of the biosphere is connected with every other
part.
all living things • The biosphere includes many environments.
and all the places – land environments
they are found.

Even some
really strange
forms of life!

• The biosphere includes many environments. • Biodiversity is the variety of life.

– saltwater and freshwater environments – Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the
Tidepool Estuary
equator.
– Biodiversity is greater in areas with consistently warm
temperatures.

Biodiversity is
greater closer to
the equator.

– portions of the atmosphere

• A species is one particular type of living thing. Organisms are living things. All living things share
certain characteristics.
– Members of a species can interbreed to reproduce.
– There are about 2 million different living species
have been identified. Biology
is
the
Scientific
study
of
life.

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 So, what are the properties of Life?
• Reproduce
Which of the following are organisms?
• Respond to stimuli
• Complex
• Cat
• Acquire and use energy
• Dog • Cells
• Tree • DNA
• Rock • Grow
• Water • Develop
• Evolve
• Air
• Chipmunk

All living things are called organisms.

• An organism is any individual living thing.

– All living things are made of one or more cells. Cell Theory
– (part of cell theory)
• All living things are made of cells
• All cells come from other cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life

• An organism is any individual living thing. KEY CONCEPT

Unifying themes connect concepts from many
– All are made of one or more cells. fields of biology.
– All need energy for metabolism.
– All respond to their environment.
– All have DNA that they pass on to offspring.

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 Vocabulary: Get out you Composition book and write
Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write complete sentences to define the following words.
complete sentences to define the following words. 1. Organism individual living thing
1. Organism 2. Cell basic unit of life
2. Cell 3. Metabolism sum total of the living chemical processes
3. Metabolism 4. Species similar organisms that can breed and
4. Species produce fertile offspring with one another
5. DNA 5. DNA genetic deoxyribonucleic acid molecules
6. System related parts working together for goal
6. System
7. Ecosystem biological system containing living and
7. Ecosystem
non living parts
8. Homeostasis 8. Homeostasis ability to keep a stable internal
9. Evolution environment
10. Adaptation 9. Evolution change in living things over time
10. Adaptation inherited characteristic that gives an
organism an advantage

All levels of life have systems of related parts.

• A system is an
organized group of • Biologists study many different systems.
interacting parts
working together for a
common goal or
function.
– A cell is a system of
chemicals and
processes.
– A body system
includes organs that
interact.
– An ecosystem
includes living and
nonliving things that
interact.

Structure and function are related in biology.

• Structure determines function.
– Proteins with different structures perform different
Or . . . functions.
Helping Jerry – Heart muscle cells have a different structure and
function than stomach muscle cells.
decide who’s – Different species have different anatomical structures
yo with different functions.
DADDY?

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Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in • Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal
diverse environments. conditions.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal – Homeostasis is usually
conditions. maintained through
negative feedback.
– Negative feedback
systems return a condition
to its normal (set) point.

• Behaviors and adaptations can help maintain

homeostasis.

Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life. • Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of
• Evolution is the change in living things over time. life.
– The genetic makeup of a population of a species
changes.
– Evolution can occur through natural selection of
adaptations.
– Adaptations are beneficial inherited traits that are
passed to future generations.

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 Quiz: Write a complete sentence that explains both the Quiz: Write a complete sentence that explains both the
question and the answer. question and the answer.
1. What is biology? 1. What is biology? Study of life
2. What is a particular category of living thing that can 2. What is a particular category of living thing that can
breed and reproduce fertile offspring with others? breed and reproduce fertile offspring with others?
species
3. What is the smallest unit of life?
3. What is the smallest unit of life? cell
4. What is homeostasis?
4. What is homeostasis? Stable internal environment
5. When body parts work together for a common purpose 5. When body parts work together for a common purpose
that group of parts is called a? that group of parts is called a? system
6. In biology, structure is related to? 6. In biology, structure is related to? function
7. What would happen if an organism cannot maintain 7. What would happen if an organism cannot maintain
proper metabolism? proper metabolism? Death
8. What is an inherited characteristic that gives an 8. What is an inherited characteristic that gives an
organism an advantage? organism an advantage? adaptation

KEY CONCEPT Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write
Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and complete sentences to define the following words.
gathering evidence.
1. Observation
2. Data
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Independent variable
6. Dependent variable
7. Constant
8. Theory
9. microscope
10. Technology

Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry.
complete sentences to define the following words.
• Scientists make careful and systematic observations.
1. Observation collection of information about a topic • Scientists record observations as data.
2. Data the recorded observations/results of an experiment
• Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to
3. Hypothesis if and then statement that predicts the outcome of an
experiment answer a question.
4. Experiment scientific testing of a hypothesis • Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.
5. Independent variable the one factor that is changed in order to see how
it affects the outcome of the experiment
6. Dependent variable the outcome or data from an experiment
7. Constant that which does not change in an experiment
8. Theory proposed explanation for a wide range of observations
9. Microscope tool used to provide enlarged images of objects or living
things
10. Technology practical application of knowledge to accomplish a task or
learn new infromation

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Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry.
Scientists must test a hypothesis
in order for it to be useful.
A hypothesis is an if and then statement that offers
an explaination for an observation (prediction)
• Controlled Experiments allow scientists to determine
what causes a phenomenon, because a controlled
experiment has only one independent variable.
A theory explains a wide range of observations.
• Theories explain a wide range of observations and
experimental results.
• A theory is supported by a wide range of scientific
evidence.
• Theories can change based on new evidence.
Biologists use experiments to test hypotheses.
• Observational studies allow scientists to describe a
phenomenon. (First Step in Scientific Method)
• Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what
causes a phenomenon.
– Independent variables are manipulated.
– Dependent variables are observed, measured and
recorded as data.
– Constants are conditions that are kept the same.
KEY CONCEPT
Technology continually changes the way biologists
work.
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 Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write Vocabulary: Get our you Composition book and write
complete sentences to define the following words. complete sentences to define the following words.

1. Gene 1. Gene segment of DNA that stores genetic information

2. Molecular Genetics 2. Molecular Genetics study and manipulation of DNA
3. Genomics 3. Genomics study of the entire DNA sequence of
4. Biotechnology organisms
5. Transgenic 4. Biotechnology Use of living things in biological
6. Genetic Screening processes
5. Transgenic an organism that has had genes
transplanted into it from a different organism
6. Genetic Screening form of biotechnology to determine a
persons genetic makup

Imaging technologies provide new views of life. Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
• A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. • A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.
– light microscopes (LM) – light microscopes (LM)
– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)

stoma stoma

Imaging technologies provide new views of life. • Imaging technology is used in medicine.
• A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. – X-ray images
– light microscopes (LM)
– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
– transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

stoma

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• Imaging technology is used in medicine. • Imaging technology is used in medicine.
– X-ray images – X-ray images
– magnetic – magnetic
resonance imaging resonance
(MRI) imaging (MRI)
– functional MRI (fMRI)

Complex systems are modeled on computers. The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new
Normal heartbeat biological studies.
• Computer models are used to
study systems that cannot be • A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic
studied directly. information.
– heart attacks
– effect of medicines on the
human body
– movement of water molecules Heart attack
into and out of a cell
– spread of a disease through a
population
• Computer models are used when
experiments are not safe, ethical,
or practical.

Quiz: Write a complete sentence that explains both the

• Through our understanding of DNA, we can study
question and the answer.
genetics on a molecular level.
1. What is a transgenic organism?
– molecular genetics
2. If a person at risk for a genetic disorder should get what kind of test?
– genomics 3. The study of the entire human DNA sequence is called?
4. What is a gene?
5. What is the manipulation of DNA on a molecular level?
6. What is the only thing that can be changed or manipulated in a
scientific experiment?
7. What variable is collected or written down during an experiment?
8. What is a proposed answer to a wide range of observations and
experiments?
9. What is the proposed outcome of a specific scientific question or
experiment?
10. What is the first step in the process of scientific inquiry?

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 Quiz: Write a complete sentence that explains both the KEY CONCEPT
question and the answer. Understanding biology can help you make informed
1. What is a transgenic organism? Organism that has genes from a decisions.
different organism
2. If a person at risk for a genetic disorder should get what kind of test?
Genetic screening
3. The study of the entire human DNA sequence is called? genomics
4. What is a gene? Segment of DNA that stores genetic information
5. What is the manipulation of DNA on a molecular level? Molecular
genetics
6. What is the only thing that can be changed or manipulated in a
scientific experiment? Independent variable
7. What variable is collected or written down during an experiment?
Dependent variable
8. What is a proposed answer to a wide range of observations and
experiments? theory
9. What is the proposed outcome of a specific scientific question or
experiment? hypothesis
10. What is the first step in the process of scientific inquiry? observation

Your health and the health of the environment depend • Knowledge of biology helps you understand your health.
on your knowledge of biology.
– food allergies
• Knowledge of biology helps you understand your health. – potential effects of obesity
– food allergies – cancer
– potential effects of obesity – effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs

brain

lungs

heart
liver
kidneys

• Knowledge of biology can help you understand Biotechnology offers great promise but also raises many
environmental issues. issues.
– interactions in ecosystems • Biotechnology is the use and application of living things
– pollution and biological processes.
– biodiversity

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 • Biotechnology is the use and application of living things and What then is Genetic Engineering?
biological processes.
– DNA testing in medicine and forensics
• The use of biotechnology to remove DNA from one
organism and insert it into another organism making the
second transgenic
• Genetic engineering technology solves practical
problems such as genetic disorders
• Genetic technology solves practical problems such as
identifying a criminals DNA

– transgenic (genetically modified) Or . . .

– transgenic bacteria

Is Bert really genetically engineered?

• Questions are raised about the use of biotechnology.
– safety of genetically modified crops

– spread of undesirable genes

– decrease in biodiversity
– ethical considerations

Biology presents many unanswered questions. • There are still many questions to answer in biology.
• Over the past 50 years, biological knowledge has greatly – How are memories stored in the brain?
increased.

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 • There are still many questions to answer in biology.

– How are memories stored in the brain?

– How do viruses mutate?

capsid
nucleic acid Review for Test
lipid
envelope

surface proteins

– Does life exist on planets other than Earth?

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